This document summarizes the findings of a study on improving risk management of animal disease in the livestock trade between Somalia and Middle Eastern markets. The study found that (1) Somalia exports large numbers of livestock and faces significant risks of exporting infected animals, (2) these risks can be managed by controlling diseases in Somalia, exported animals, and limiting contact with domestic animals in importing countries, and (3) health certification combined with market inspections and laboratory testing of exported animals is a sensible approach for managing many diseases, though quarantine poses challenges due to potential for disease spread.
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Abdirahman Mohamud Mo'alin Ali is seeking to develop technology in Somalia, especially in network security. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and IT from Mogadishu University in 2016. He has several IT and project management certificates from institutions in Somalia. His work experience includes positions at community schools in Somalia from 2009-2011. He is fluent in Somali, English, and Arabic and aims to use his skills to advance technology in his home country.
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Food safety from a global perspective to a country perspective addressing cha...ILRI
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Combining risk assessment and value chain frameworksILRI
Presentation by Theo Knight-Jones at a stakeholder workshop on risk analysis in the Borena-Nazareth-Djibouti livestock value chain, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-14 August 2015.
Abdirahman Mohamud Mo'alin Ali is seeking to develop technology in Somalia, especially in network security. He received a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and IT from Mogadishu University in 2016. He has several IT and project management certificates from institutions in Somalia. His work experience includes positions at community schools in Somalia from 2009-2011. He is fluent in Somali, English, and Arabic and aims to use his skills to advance technology in his home country.
This document provides guidelines for livestock relief interventions in pastoralist areas of Ethiopia. It is intended to guide government agencies, donors, and NGOs involved in pastoralist development and emergency response. The guidelines emphasize coordination, community participation, and linking emergency response with development using a livelihoods framework and drought cycle management model. They provide guidance on key interventions such as destocking, livestock feed supplementation, water provision, and animal health services. The overall aim is to improve drought risk management and support development policies that anticipate and manage drought impacts on pastoralist livelihoods in Ethiopia.
People, livestock, trade and animal disease: How can we improve the managemen...marketsblog
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The document describes a pilot program to professionalize informal food markets in developing countries through training, certification, and branding of informal vendors. The program aims to improve food safety and nutrition by reducing contamination in the informal value chain. Research shows informal markets play a major role in food security but often lack knowledge and regulation regarding hygienic practices. The program trained informal dairy traders in Kenya, providing certification upon completion and allowing them to be officially recognized through branding. Preliminary results found improved hygienic practices and an economic impact, though longer-term follow up is still needed to ensure sustainability. The theory of change explains how such an intervention could work to ultimately benefit consumers through safer, more available food products.
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ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
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The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
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This document summarizes discussions from the National Pork Board Update meeting. It addresses several topics:
- PEDv is impacting farms of all sizes and needs to be prevented through biosecurity but is not a human health issue. Research priorities include diagnostics, understanding virus transmission and survivability. Over $3 million has been invested in PEDv research.
- Other disease threats need to be prepared for and response plans developed jointly between government, industry and producers. Borders need to be strengthened to prevent disease entry.
- Effective communication with consumers and customers about antibiotic use, food safety, and sustainability is important. The Pork Quality Assurance Plus program could influence purchase decisions when explained properly.
-
The document provides information on various food regulatory organizations around the world:
- It discusses key Indian acts and organizations that regulate food including the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, AGMARK, and FSSAI.
- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is introduced as the UN agency working to defeat hunger internationally.
- Details are given about the structure and departments of the FAO, as well as its objectives, programs, and achievements.
- The US Food and Drug Administration is summarized, including what products it regulates and its organizational structure with centers focused on specific product areas.
- Other food safety systems discussed include HACCP, which provides a systematic approach to food safety,
The document provides an update from the National Pork Board's Chief Operating Officer at the 2015 Pork Management Conference. It discusses the NPB's new CEO and strategic plan, which focuses on building consumer trust, driving sustainable production, and growing consumer demand. It also covers vulnerabilities assessments, antibiotics usage, developing a common industry audit, the Swine Health Information Center, and supplemental marketing efforts. The document aims to inform attendees on key industry issues and the NPB's strategies and goals to address them.
"Maintaining and Improving Nutritional Value and Food Safety along the Value ...ExternalEvents
Marie T. Ruel discusses value chains for improving nutrition and food safety. Value chains can help address problems along the production, storage, processing, distribution and consumption of foods. They allow for coordination across different actors to identify opportunities to enhance nutrient content and prevent losses. While progress has been made in certain areas, more research is still needed on implementing nutrition-sensitive value chains at scale and measuring their impact and cost-effectiveness.
9 February 2017, the first Food for All Talk (#FFATalks) under the WBG-Netherlands Partnership took place on the subject: Food Systems for Healthier Diets.
1) There is a need for HACCP certification in the food industry due to large outbreaks of foodborne illness globally that cause human suffering and economic costs.
2) Major outbreaks like the 2011 E. coli outbreak in Germany and the 2008 milk contamination incident in China sickened and killed many people, costing countries hundreds of millions.
3) Factors like increased public awareness, regulatory requirements, and international trade are driving the need for stronger food safety systems like HACCP certification in the food industry to protect public health.
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This document discusses food safety in the context of One Health and summarizes the key learnings from studying food safety interventions. It finds that:
1. Foodborne diseases impose a large health and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing countries where most foods are sold in wet markets.
2. Existing interventions have had limited impact because they often focus on regulations, exports, and formal sectors without addressing the incentives and behaviors of actors in informal domestic markets.
3. A more effective approach incorporates technology, training, incentives, and nudges to change behaviors, supported by an enabling policy environment. This "three-legged stool" approach shows promise for improving food safety at scale.
People, livestock, trade and animal disease: How can we improve the managemen...marketsblog
Presentation by Dr Jonathan Rushton of the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, at the Enhancing Safe Inter-regional Livestock Trade held at Dubai, UAE, 13-16 June 2011.
The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
Role of informal markets in the dairy sector. Towards professionalizing, not ...Francois Stepman
The document describes a pilot program to professionalize informal food markets in developing countries through training, certification, and branding of informal vendors. The program aims to improve food safety and nutrition by reducing contamination in the informal value chain. Research shows informal markets play a major role in food security but often lack knowledge and regulation regarding hygienic practices. The program trained informal dairy traders in Kenya, providing certification upon completion and allowing them to be officially recognized through branding. Preliminary results found improved hygienic practices and an economic impact, though longer-term follow up is still needed to ensure sustainability. The theory of change explains how such an intervention could work to ultimately benefit consumers through safer, more available food products.
Societal responsibilities of veterinarianTanmay Tewari
This document discusses the responsibilities of hospitals and veterinarians to society. It outlines both passive and active forms of social responsibility for hospitals, including abiding by laws, protecting human rights, and contributing to environmental protection. Principles of hospital governance are also presented, focusing on goals of performance, social responsibility, and transparency. The roles and duties of veterinarians with respect to public health, food safety, education, and serving as citizens are then defined. Qualities of effective veterinary practice management are identified, such as confidence, responsibility, motivation, communication, and having a support network.
The role of informal food markets—Towards professionalizing, not criminalizingILRI
The document summarizes a training, certification, and branding scheme piloted in Kenya to professionalize informal food markets and improve food safety. The scheme provided hygiene training and certification to informal milk traders, giving them branded containers and uniforms. Over 15% of traders registered by 2009, changing hygienic practices. The scheme had economic and policy impacts, though follow-up is still needed. A theory of change explains how such interventions could improve diets and food safety through safer animal products sold by certified informal traders.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
The Brussels Development Briefing no. 52 on “Food safety: a critical part of the food system in Africa ” took place on 19 September 2018 from 09h00 to 13h00, ACP Secretariat, Brussels 451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels. This Briefing was organised by the ACP-EU Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), in collaboration with the European Commission (DG DEVCO & DG Health and Food Safety), the ACP Secretariat, CONCORD and the Global Food Safety Partnership.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
This document summarizes discussions from the National Pork Board Update meeting. It addresses several topics:
- PEDv is impacting farms of all sizes and needs to be prevented through biosecurity but is not a human health issue. Research priorities include diagnostics, understanding virus transmission and survivability. Over $3 million has been invested in PEDv research.
- Other disease threats need to be prepared for and response plans developed jointly between government, industry and producers. Borders need to be strengthened to prevent disease entry.
- Effective communication with consumers and customers about antibiotic use, food safety, and sustainability is important. The Pork Quality Assurance Plus program could influence purchase decisions when explained properly.
-
The document provides information on various food regulatory organizations around the world:
- It discusses key Indian acts and organizations that regulate food including the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, AGMARK, and FSSAI.
- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is introduced as the UN agency working to defeat hunger internationally.
- Details are given about the structure and departments of the FAO, as well as its objectives, programs, and achievements.
- The US Food and Drug Administration is summarized, including what products it regulates and its organizational structure with centers focused on specific product areas.
- Other food safety systems discussed include HACCP, which provides a systematic approach to food safety,
The document provides an update from the National Pork Board's Chief Operating Officer at the 2015 Pork Management Conference. It discusses the NPB's new CEO and strategic plan, which focuses on building consumer trust, driving sustainable production, and growing consumer demand. It also covers vulnerabilities assessments, antibiotics usage, developing a common industry audit, the Swine Health Information Center, and supplemental marketing efforts. The document aims to inform attendees on key industry issues and the NPB's strategies and goals to address them.
"Maintaining and Improving Nutritional Value and Food Safety along the Value ...ExternalEvents
Marie T. Ruel discusses value chains for improving nutrition and food safety. Value chains can help address problems along the production, storage, processing, distribution and consumption of foods. They allow for coordination across different actors to identify opportunities to enhance nutrient content and prevent losses. While progress has been made in certain areas, more research is still needed on implementing nutrition-sensitive value chains at scale and measuring their impact and cost-effectiveness.
9 February 2017, the first Food for All Talk (#FFATalks) under the WBG-Netherlands Partnership took place on the subject: Food Systems for Healthier Diets.
1) There is a need for HACCP certification in the food industry due to large outbreaks of foodborne illness globally that cause human suffering and economic costs.
2) Major outbreaks like the 2011 E. coli outbreak in Germany and the 2008 milk contamination incident in China sickened and killed many people, costing countries hundreds of millions.
3) Factors like increased public awareness, regulatory requirements, and international trade are driving the need for stronger food safety systems like HACCP certification in the food industry to protect public health.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
This document discusses food safety in the context of One Health and summarizes the key learnings from studying food safety interventions. It finds that:
1. Foodborne diseases impose a large health and economic burden worldwide, especially in developing countries where most foods are sold in wet markets.
2. Existing interventions have had limited impact because they often focus on regulations, exports, and formal sectors without addressing the incentives and behaviors of actors in informal domestic markets.
3. A more effective approach incorporates technology, training, incentives, and nudges to change behaviors, supported by an enabling policy environment. This "three-legged stool" approach shows promise for improving food safety at scale.
1. 1People, Livestock, Trade and Animal Disease: How can we improve the management of risk?
Jonathan Rushton, Alma Yrjo-Koskinen, Theo Knight-Jones, Edie Marshall, Joshua Onono and Ruth Rushton
15 June 2011
Dubai, UAE
jrushton@rvc.ac.uk
2. Who was involved?
•With acknowledgments to:
•SOLICEP
•FAO –Felix Njeumi, Nawai Gubair
•AU -IBAR –James Wabacha, Flora Mbithi
•Terra Nuova –Ricardo Costagli, Mohamed Farah Dirie, Paul Rwambo
2
3. Who was involved?
•With acknowledgments to:
•USAID –Andrew Clark
•ILRI –Derek Baker
•FAO –Nicoline de Haan, Abdi Farah Abdulkadir, Sophycate Njue
•OIE -Dr. Habiba Sheikh Hassan
•RVC –Dirk Pfeiffer, Katharina Stärk, Javier Guitian
3
4. Who was involved?
•With acknowledgments to:
•Dr. Mohamed Ali Geereh
•Dr. Ahmed Deyr Aideed
•Dr. Elmi Ibrahim Wais
•Dr. Abdirahman Nur Qeiliye
•Dr. Abdiwelli Omar Yusuf
•Mr. Abdi Mire Jama
•Mr. Abdirizak Noor Ibrahim
•Mr. Dahir Mohamud Hassan
•Dr Abrikarim Ahmed Jama
•Mr. Dahir Mohamed Mohamud
4
5. Introduction
•Rapidly changing societies generating bigger demands for livestock products have historically created health problems
•Our current rate of change has thrown up new challenges in terms of emerging and re-emerging diseases
•Addressing these with adequate investments in health education, research and institutional development is a major challenge
This is a societal resource allocation and socio-economic challenge
5
6. Introduction
•How do we achieve stable and safe supplies of food?
•It requires interdisciplinarityand intersectorialapproaches
•It requires a thorough understanding of:
•Context in which diseases circulate –the value chain
•Rules in which people in the value chain operate – institutional environment
•Response of the people concerned –human behaviour
6
7. Introduction
•RVC were contracted by FAO to give an input to SOLICEP with a focus on the following:
•Documentcurrent risk reduction measuresin the export animals from Somalia
•Identify additional measuresthat could reducethe risks further
•Determineif the additional measures are economically profitableand socially acceptable
7
11. Basic livestock food system11
Feed
InputsProduction SystemTransportAbattoir
Processing
& marketing
PreparationConsumerFeed
Animals
AnimalsCarcassMeatMeat$, €, ¥$, €, ¥$, €, ¥
$, €, ¥$, €, ¥$, €, ¥
•Provides food
•Moves money
•Generates employment
•People in the chains are GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSE – great likelihood of moral hazard
12. Livestock food systems and pathogens
12FeedInputsProduction System
Transport
AbattoirProcessing & marketingPreparationConsumerPathogenIn livestock food systems pathogens can:
•be maintained
•spread in both directions
•be introduced from external sources
13. Livestock food systems and information
13FeedInputsProduction SystemTransport
Abattoir
Processing
& marketingPreparationConsumer
Government working with the private sectorInformation in the livestock food systems:
•can be transferred between people
•can be hidden by people –MORAL HAZARD
•can be made available by regulators outside the system –government, others??
14. Livestock food systems and pathogens-where to intervene
•Standard questions when examining an intervention:
•Is the intervention technically feasible?
•What is the intervention’s cost and effectiveness?
•Is the intervention socially acceptable?
14
15. Livestock food systems and pathogens-where to intervene
•Questions need to be added for complex food systems:
•Can implementation of the intervention be verified within the food system by people affected?
•i.e. Can moral hazardbe reduced?
•How will people’s decision making be affected by the intervention?
•i.e. What do we understand of human behaviour?
•What do we know of the rule breakers?
15
16. Why should we study livestock value chains for animal health measures?
•A value chain is no different to a biological organism
•It survives to support the livelihoods of the people who work in it and to feed the people who are its consumers
•If a disease is put into a value chain the people within will react and modify their behaviour
•In turn the people’s actions will affect how the chain functions and operates
•Strong chains will manage and internalise disease risks
17. Why should we study livestock value chains for animal health measures?
•Understanding how the livestock value chains modify and manage disease allows us to help see how our interventions can help a chain to recover as fast as possible
•The rapid healingof a chain is vital to ensure that people who depend on the chain for income and food are affected as little as possible
18. Value chains and veterinarians
•When working with livestock value chains with disease and those at risk of disease we need to think like veterinarians treating a sick animal
•How can we make the chains disease free and healthy?
•The outcome of such an approach benefits thepeoplewho:
•workand generate an incomein the chains
•eatand usethe poultry commodities supplied by the chains
21. Conceptual framework
•The frameworkadopted is basedon risk analysis(see OIE risk analysis documents)
•This foundation will be strengthenedthrough:
•An assessment of the livestock sector
•Examining the PEOPLEinvolved in the production, movement and trade of the animals produced
•The major distinction is the need to think about people’s behaviour
21
22. Borders
SEAConsumption centre
Production
ClusterMovementCorridorManaging risk along trade routesQuarantineStationAbattoirMarketRoadShippingThrough people
23. Implementation phaseAssessment phaseCommunicationStrategy
Communication
ImplementationWhich requires aniteration of the process
Risk
AssessmentPotentialInterventionsCosting and assessment of technical feasibility, economically sustainability & social acceptibility of the interventionsInterventionRecommendationsDisease risk reduction pointsFarm and producer level impactChange in disease statusAll carried out inPartnership(there are no experts)
24. Risk management with a people centred approach
•People are no longer just the people affected by a disease
•Lost income
•Health
•Death
•People’s actions dictate how a disease:
•Enters a society
•How it spreads
•How it is controlled
24
25. Risk management with a people centred approach
•With a people centred approach it becomes critical to understand people’s behaviour
•Some of this will be dictated by:
•Economic incentives
•Institutional environment
•Rules (official and informal) and their enforcement
•Social, cultural and psychological factors
25
26. •Physical attributes
Age
Gender
Size, weight
Ethnicity
•Personal Characteristics
Personality Variables
Temperament
Self esteem
General health beliefs
General beliefs about risk- taking/offending
•Resource base and livelihood optionsINDIVIDUAL FACTORS
•Family and social network
Rules and enforcement
•Cultural practices
Informal/cultural codes/rules of behaviour
•Economic drivers (private)
Rules of transactions
Methods of enforcement
•Official rule structures
Methods and willingness to enfoce
•Political environment
•Availability and type of informationSOCIAL/PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTINDIVIDUAL ATTITUDES BELIEFS MOTIVATING FACTORSGROUP HELD ATTITUDES BELIEFS MOTIVATING FACTORS
INDIVIDUAL/GROUP RISK BEHAVIOUR FOR SPREAD OF DISEASESStrong reward motivated –‘conscious’ rule breaking e.g. monetary gainLess ‘conscious’/ignorant rule breaking e.g. culturally driven; lack of information
28. Summary of model findings
•Somalia is endemic for many transboundary animal diseases and exports huge numbers of livestock –thus significant risks of exporting infected animals are unavoidable
•These risks can be managed by
•a) controlling diseases in Somalia,
•b) controlling diseases in exported animals and
•c) limiting contact between exported livestock and domestic animals in the importing countries
•This study focuses on controlling diseases in exported animals -IS THIS SENSIBLE?
28
29. Summary of model findings
•For infections with limited clinical signs (Brucella spp., RVF, FMD in shoats) health certification based on clinical exam alone is of limited use.
•For these diseases laboratory tests will be useful
•For diseases spread by close contact quarantine stations may increase the risk (FMD, PPR, CCPP/CBPP)
•For such diseases certification could be based on market and port inspection and laboratory tests
•With short quarantine (assuming biosecurity is not exceptional)
29
30. Summary of model findings
•Due to the scale of the trade exceptional biosecurity within the quarantine will be difficult to attain
•Quarantine standards need verifying by inspections by importing countries
•This is easier to monitor than monitoring standards of multiple regional market inspections
•For other diseases, quarantine reduces the risk but at high price.
•Quarantine provides a suitable place to conduct laboratory tests
30
31. Summary of model findings -suggested strategies
•Brucella spp./RVF
•market inspection + laboratory test (quarantine only slightly beneficial as clinical signs are limited)
•FMD/PPR/CBPP/CCPP
•Market inspection + port inspection + laboratory test + (quarantine offers an opportunity for spread)
•Further consideration of laboratory test costs required
31
32. Further considerations
•Large model uncertainties exist –models demonstrate mechanisms of disease control with livestock exports rather than precise estimates of risk.
•Some sort of collecting area/holding ground before shipment is required –quarantine provides the most biosecure place for this.
•The more restrictive controls are the greater the incentive for informal export.
•Animals rejected closer to source may be less likely to be exported illegally than those rejected at the port??
32
33. Which diseases are most important?
•The presence of some diseases in exported animals can lead to market closure -a disaster–RVF
•Given the dependence of the Somali economy on live animal exports attention to improving strategies on RVF are required
•Whilst the analysis presented is a starting point it will be useful to add to this in the final stages of the report
•Key recommendation –RVF presence in export animals needs to be avoided
33
34. Which diseases are most important?
•Other diseases may cause ship consignments to be turned away from a chosen port of import -FMD
•These animals are not returned to Somalia
•The economic impact of such diseases is insidious
•no-one costs these impacts properly
34
35. Which diseases are most important?
•A risk premium will be taken off each animal export to reflect that there is a chance
•the animal will become infected
•The animal may die
•The animal may be turned away
•There is cost incurred in landing the animal in another port
•Key recommendation –calculate the risk premiums/costs of these events to use as a basis for pressuring for more careful disease policies
35
36. Further considerations
•Greater control of disease in the Somali livestock in general is required.
•Improved surveillance and early warning will identify infected areas from which to block trade (tracing is required for this)
•Control of exposure of domestic livestock to imported Somali livestock will help (e.g. Slaughter soon after arrival).
36
38. A way ahead –existing systems
•Build on the systems you have
•Millions of animals are shipped every year, these have systems of animal management
•The world needs to know what these management systems are and how they function to ensure animals arrive at the importing country safely
•The systems need to be DOCUMENTED
38
39. A way ahead –collecting data
•For the livestock movements develop systems of data
•Collection
•Storage
•Analysis
•COMMUNICATEthe output to:
•Producers
•Traders
•Importers
39
40. A way ahead –sample taking and diagnostics
•Use the livestock flows to develop epidemiological based sampling
•Develop diagnostic capacities with an initial focus on the main trade issues –RVF and FMD
•Once this is working, develop further protocols for other diseases
•Develop CAPACITY and COMMUNICATEresults to:
•Producers
•Traders
•Importers
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41. Improving livestock certification41LivestockPrimaryMarkets
Secondary
MarketsQuarantineExports
RejectReject
•Documentation of private standards
•Samples of reject animals with diagnosis
•Data recording, database development and dissemination
•Sample taking and analysis for RVF, FMD possibly PPR
•Data recording and analysis with dissemination
•Development of strategies
•Sample taking and analysis for other diseases
•Data recording and analysis with dissemination
•Development of strategies
42. Key message
•To facilitate a process that allows:
•Greater stabilityof market accessto key Somali products
•To encourage the developmentof certification systemsthat buildon existing skills and management
•Incorporate where appropriate technologies from outside
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43. Protecting livestock to protect peopleThrough a people centredapproach with strong technical leadership