This document summarizes research on connecting women non-operating landowners (NOLs) to conservation practices and their tenant farmers. It finds that women make up 37% of agricultural landlords and many NOLs, including women, care about conservation and their land. A survey of NOLs found they trust their tenant farmers and are open to changing lease terms to facilitate conservation. The document outlines efforts in Indiana to engage urban women NOLs in conservation discussions through the Women for the Land program, including training facilitators, holding workshops near urban centers, and using visual and hands-on activities to deliver accessible conservation messages.
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More about the event: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/closing-gender-gap
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Holly Rippon-Butler: holly@youngfarmers.org
Suzanna Denison: info@wncfarmlink.org
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More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
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These slides were presented at the 30th Annual Carolina Farm Stewardship Association by Holly Rippon-Butler, Suzanna Denison, and Matt Coffay. Please do not reproduce without the express consent of the authors.
Holly Rippon-Butler: holly@youngfarmers.org
Suzanna Denison: info@wncfarmlink.org
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1. Building a Conservation Connection:
LINKING WOMEN NON-OPERATING LANDOWNERS TO THEIR TENANT FARMERS
Brianne Lowe, USDA NRCS, Indiana
Jennifer Filipiak, American Farmland Trust
Jean Eells, E Resources Group
Jill Reinhart, USDA NRCS, Indiana
2. Saving the land that
sustains us by:
Protecting farm and ranch land
Promoting sound farming
practices
Keeping farmers on the land
5. Percent Land in Farms
Rented or Leased, 2012
2012 US Census
Dark blue = 60% or more of
farmland is leased
High proportion rented correlates
fairly well with areas of intensive
crop production
11. Agricultural Landowner Survey
11-state* survey of NOLs focusing on:
The NOL-renter relationship
Communication in the relationship
Conservation attitudes and behaviors
Conservation outreach needs
*States were chosen to reflect highest rental rates and regional
diversity: Washington, California, Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, Iowa,
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, New York.
12. Methods
Principal investigator is Dr. Peg Petrzelka, Utah State University.
Mail survey completed by Iowa State University Survey Lab.
Lists purchased from Farm Market ID. Owners only. Double-
checked using Core Logic & deed searches.
1500 surveys mailed, goal is 300 returned
• 750 males, 750 females
• 25+ acres
• Acre range of high to low
• Land distributed throughout the state
• Land is in the state, landowner could live anywhere (samples
resident and non-resident)
• Trusts eliminated
13. The landowners
Experience with farming
I/we have operated a farm 39%
I/we have helped our parents or another relative farm 29%
I/we have worked on a non-relative’s farm 5%
Neither I nor my spouse (if any) have farmed 25%
Residency
I live on my land 30%
I do not live on my land 70%
Average distance is 217 miles, range was 0-7000 miles! (IA 62 mi, WA 402 mi)
How often do you visit your land?
Weekly, monthly, multiple times per year 73%
Yearly or less 27%
Average age (range was 19-108!) 70 years
What best describes you?
Farmer/former farmer/spouse of former farmer 48%
Grew up on farm 22%
Landowner 11%
14. Who will be the next owner of this land?
A relative who will farm it 19%
A relative who will rent it out 48%
Placed into trust 13%
Whoever offers best price (related
or not)
10%
Someone unrelated 9%
Unknown/other 15%
0-9 Years
10-30 Years
31-119 Years
120+ Years
HOW LONG HAVE YOU/YOUR
FAMILY OWNED THIS LAND?
<10 Years
>10 Years
Don't know
FOR HOW LONG WILL YOU OWN
THIS LAND?
15. When evaluating your current or future farm tenants, how
important are the following characteristics?
• Trustworthiness
• Reputation as a good farmer
• Length of time rented from my
family
• That I like them as a person
• That they are a good
communicator
• That they care about me
• That they care about my land
• That they are financially responsible
• Reliability in paying rent on time
• Amount of rent they will pay per acre
• Ability to maintain wildlife habitat
• Ability to maintain soil productivity
• Ability to avoid contaminating
waterways
• Ability to avoid soil erosion
16. Characteristics most commonly
cited as “Very Important”
• Trustworthiness
(93-97%)
• Reputation as a good farmer
(76-84%)
• That they care about my land
(80-88%)
• Ability to maintain soil productivity
(78-88%)
• That they are financially responsible
(77-86%)
17. Characteristics most commonly cited as “not at all
important”
Ability to maintain wildlife habitat
(7-24%)
Amount of rent they will pay per acre
(8-24%)
Length of time rented from my family
(7-12%)
31%
43%
49%
18. The relationship and the lease
Crop share / Cash rent
50/50 in IN, OH
71/24 in IA
57/34 in IL, AR, TX, KS, WA
Verbal leases
63% in IN, OH, IL, AR, TX, KS
47% in IA
33% in WA
Annual term most common (71%)
Length of time with same tenant = 17 years
(range: 1-100 yrs)
Relative =
30%
Friend of family =
42%
Neither relative
or friend of
family= 28%*
Relationship to farm
tenant
20. Leasing and conservation practices
I am comfortable…
…extending the length of my operator’s
lease to facilitate implementation of
conservation practices on my land –
81%
…asking my operator to use certain
conservation practices on my land –
76%
…asking my operator to amend or make
an addendum to our lease requiring
conservation practices – 63%
21. Conclusions
• Landowners trust their tenants
• Landowners are willing to
change lease terms to
accommodate conservation
• if they are asked…
• If they know to ask…
• Anecdotal evidence that landowner would contribute to the cost of
practices
• Land, they’re not making any more of it…
22. Women Caring for the LandSM
• Launched by WFAN in 2009 – expanded in 2013
to 7 states with national NRCS CIG funding and
now delivered by multiple partners.
• Always a conservation focus – only
programming for women that emphasizes
conservation, most other women’s ag programs
don’t
• Programming designed to help women thrive as
learners.
• Discussion-based, facilitated not lecture, women
meet their local resource people
24. CIG across 7 states – Urban women NOLOs
• 28 meetings in large urban centers in each state last year
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
Wisconsin
27. Connecting women landowners to resources
• 184 women owned 32,537 acres 256 acres owned average
• 66 % the soil health information was “more than half
or all new”
• 54% the agency resources were “mostly or all new”
28. More about these urban women NOLOs
80% have owned more than 4 years
75% do have written leases
75% visit their land many time per year
65% are the sole decision makers
29.
30. WFAN’s survey
• 50 to 65 year olds, original
research in Iowa was with much
older women and during the
years 2006-2007
• Newer inheritors, more land still
owned by 70s and older
33. Developmentof Women4theLand
CREATED A STEERING COMMITTEE:
American
Farmland Trust
IN Association of
Soil and Water
Conservation
Districts
Indiana
Department of
Environmental
Management
Indiana
Department of
Natural Resources
Indiana Farm
Bureau
Indiana State
Department of
Agriculture
Hoosier Heartland
RC&D
Marion County
Soil and Water
Conservation
District
The Nature
Conservancy
Tippecanoe
County Soil and
Water
Conservation
District
USDA – Farm
Service Agency
USDA – Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
Conservation
Cropping System
Initiative
Purdue Extension
38. Developmentof Women4theLand
HIRED A STATE COORDINATOR
• Manages business plan and budget
• Coordinates Steering Committee
• Touches base with subcommittee
chairs
• Point of contact for the program
42. FarmMarket ID
Mailing List
FSA Absentee
Landowner List
Local SWCD
Mailing Lists
Farm Bureau List
(then general
media)
Finding theWomen
Direct Mail
43. MEETINGFORMAT
LOCATION NEAR URBAN CENTER
• Pros: Convenience, familiar, accessible
• Cons: No farm tours, cost, logistics like
parking
LUNCH HOUR OR EVENING SESSION
• Pros: Children at school, convenience of
long lunch or leaving work early, shorter
commitment
• Cons: Long lunches not feasible for all,
short timeframe is challenging
57. USDA and its partnering agencies are equal opportunity providers, employers and lenders.
QUESTIONS?
Editor's Notes
I’ll kick things off with some context, describing what we know about landowners in Illinois.
Ask what they think is most common
Add a note about our experience!
USDA ag census – only surveys operators!
Dark blue- 60% or more leased (compared to 2007 census where highest category was 50%)
In Iowa, across the state, over 60% rented or leased
Note that the darkest colors fairly well correspond with the areas of intensive crop production
Coupling with non-operator data… The Tenure, Ownership and Transition of Agricultural Land (TOTAL) survey is a study of all agricultural landlords – operators and non-operators – conducted by the USDA Natnl Ag Statistics Service (NASS) in collaboration with the USDA Economic Research Service (ERS). TOTAL is part of the Census of Ag program. NASS released data in August 2015 for calendar year 2014. Only covers contiguous 48 states.
Of the 31%: Individuals = 49%; Partnerships = 19%; Corprations = 11%; Trusts = 18%; Other = 3%
See: Bigelow, Daniel, Allison Borchers, and Todd Hubbs. U.S. Farmland Ownership, Tenure, and Transfer. EIB-161, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, August 2016. Report online at: www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib-economic-information-bulletin/eib161
And this renewed annually is a biggie
Combination of TOTAL and Ag census – from our fact sheet.
I’ll focus on these first two – it’s where the most interesting data is coming from.
Iowa – 56% have operated a farm before.
Residency – IN, IA, OH are closer to 50/50
KS and WA are anomalies – more landowners visiting land less frequently.
WA landowners are less likely to be primary decision makers, more likely it’s family corp or farm operator.
Range of acres owned was 7-3500 ac
Need to add this slide back in – it’s the future of ag, why it’s important that we work with this audience
31% said wildlife habitat was very important; 43% said amount of rent was very important; 49% said loyalty was very important
Cash vs shares: Even split in: IN, OH. More cash rent in: IA. More shares in: IL, AK,TX,KS,WA
Verbal much more common except in IA and WA (average does not include IA and WA)
In WA – 61% of lease agreements have a term longer than 3 years, average does not include WA.
In Ark and TX – 42% of respondents said tenants were not friend/family
Important to work with this audience: for conservation, for land access and the future of farming!
It was taken by Joe Dickie, Joe Dickie Photography at a learning circle meeting in Aberdeen, South Dakota conducted by Women, Food and Agriculture Network sponsored by the South Dakota Association of Conservation Districts, through a Conservation Collaboration Agreement of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Where I started researching in Iowa – typical women landowners were 65 and older, inherited land they want to keep. 1 in 10 acres in Iowa is owned by a woman age 70 and older by herself. When I found out women owned so much land I was dumbfounded. I had done outreach for conservation topics for almost 20 years and never intended to discriminate against women but they weren’t nearly half of the audiences. As a soil commissioner I noted that women’s names were not on the folders I was signing for CRP – out of 50 folders a couple years there were only 3 women’s names. There was very, very little known about women’s interests in their land, really nothing about their conservation interests. There was an emerging body of work aimed at studying women famers, but not the non-operator women who owned land that was and still is crucial to the larger agricultural enterprise. Just stop and think about if women suddenly did not allow their land to be farmed. It’s a significant amount of land, and as conservationists we must become more effective.
So at our Indiana meetings, I have added slide shows. No text, not a “presentation” but visual aids.
Give the women context.
Show them images they may be more familiar
Hwo do you know where to start: the introductions. Poll the women, make note of experiences, questions, etc.
Water Quality, climate change, extreme weather, sustainable ag- these are buzz words they are familiar with
Family, Legacy, the next generation- they probably would not be in attendance if these were not on their mind.
By adjusting the approach some, we are meeting women where they are.
And by hitting that message “You need to start the conversation, “ then arming them with the information, we see that the survey results show that more women feel empowered to take that step, to talk to their tenant, and to engage soil health on their land. Even if it is a county, state, or time zone away.