This document describes research on using airborne ultrasound Doppler to measure urination non-invasively. It aims to develop a do-it-yourself wearable device for patients to self-monitor their urinary flow patterns. The researchers successfully used a 40kHz airborne ultrasound transducer to acquire urination data from volunteers and found it provided diagnostic-quality flow pattern information in most cases. However, their initial pulsed Doppler system did not work well due to the transducer's limited bandwidth. The research demonstrates the feasibility of a DIY Doppler uroflowmetry device but notes improvements are needed for effective pulsed Doppler measurement.

1. 空中超音波パルスドプラシステムのウロダイナミクス応用
日超医86回大会
86P-005
松 本 成 史、竹 内 康 人、柿 崎 秀 宏
旭川医科大学 腎泌尿器外科学講座

2. Airborne Ultrasound Doppler System for
External Urodynamics Application
Seiji Matsumoto, Yasuhito Takeuchi* and Hidehiro Kakizaki
Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery
Asahikawa Medical University
2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510 Japan
*corresponding author
y.takeuchi@ieee.org,
37 Mikumicho, Hamamatsu 432-8017 Japan, +81534531314
This Slide 1st used for YKJCA 2013@Korea
Maritime University 2013:01:26,BusanKorea,
Reorganized 2013:05:25 for JSUM 86th Meeting
86P-005
Research Conducted By
Asahikawa Medical University
Department of Renal and Urologic Surgery

3. The Subject of the Study:
Measurement of Urination
Measurement of Speed-Time of Running Urea Drop in Air by
DIY(do it for yourself)/Wearable Device
See Next Slide

4. We do now by
40KHz airborne
ultrasound Doppler
Wearable Sensor
Conventional Mess-Cup Method
(clinically yet used now)
We did in 1988
by standalone
24GHz MMW
Doppler

5. ウロダイナミクスの先駆けが尿流測定 (uroflowmetrey: UFM).
機器や検査所見の単純さ, 患者への非侵襲性から UFM は瞬く間に全国の泌尿器科施設に
普及したが, 検査場所で図の如くの機器に対して排尿をしてもらわなければならない.
＜尿流計（流量計）＞ ＜尿流測定のパラメーターと尿流波形＞
(s)
(mL/s)
平均尿流率
排尿時間
最大尿流率
排尿量
20
10
30
10 20
10 20 30
10
10 20 30
10
（正常）
（前立腺肥大症）
（腹圧排尿）

8. Case 1：Male 65
Symptom：retardation, incomplete feeling, residual droplets.
Case 2：Male 79
Symptom：retardation, abdominal straining, residual droplets.

9. 13th Infrared and MM-Wave (IRMMW-1988)
Takeuchi Y., CW Doppler Systems for External Urodynamics Study, Comparison between Electromagnetic Wave
and Airborne Ultrasound" 13th IRMMW session F1.8, SPIE Volume 1039, 1988

10. Takeuchi Y. CW Doppler Systems for External Urodynamics Study, Comparison between electromagnetic Wave
and Airborne Ultrasound" 13th IRMMW session F1.8, SPIE Volume 1039, 1988
13th IRMMW (1988)

11. Let s move to
Patient-Own Device//Patient Self
Management
of Health-Care
however
The Word In Fashon NOW
DIGITAL HEALTH

12. D I Y
DO IT FOR YOURSELF

15. 40KHz Airborne Ultrasound Transducer
with finger clip, diameter=1cm.
1st generation breadboard transceiver

18. Surface reflectivity (echogenicity) of flying water droplet is almost 100% both for
microwave and ultrasound. This is very big compared with that of inside body tissue
interface echogenicity for MHz ultrasound, which is only an order of %. This is very
much benefit for our Doppler system.

19. Average size of water (urea) droplet running in air is 1~2mm. For
40KHz airborne ultrasound (wavelength=8.5mm) the Ka value is around
0.7, echogenicity Z is at nearly maximum of Rayleigh zone.

20. Early Prototype Unit

21. Early Prototype Unit in Service

22. Latest Prototype Unit
Dual Transducer Model

24. Single and Dual Transducer Models

27. The Transducer, and a View at the Resonant Chamber Removed
(on 1mm pitch graph paper)

29. Center Driven Radiator Dish Coupled to Small PZT Disc

32. Transducer Directivity Shown in dB over Azimuth Angle

33. Transducer Frequency Response (one way)

34. -3dB Bandwidth =~ 1.8KHz

35. In-Use Model

36. Doppler
Signal
(audio)
Doppler
Signal
Frequency
Spectrum
Fd=330Hz
Fd=0(dc)
t=0 t=30sec
.Example of Doppler Signal and its Spectrum of Real Urination.

37. Another Example of Real Urination

38. Signal
Spectrum
Conventional
Method Uroflow-
metry Data
Doppler-Based
Uroflowmetry
Substitute

39. Ridge Tracing on Spectrogram
(With Speckle Reduction and 2D Smoothing)
This will be applicable as conventional uroflowmetry substitute

40. Edge Tracing vs. Ridge Tracing; Which is Better or
More Applicable? (in study)
Edge
Ridge
Expected Conclusion: Both are Equally Applicable

41. Some Unexpected/Unexplained Issue
Why Spectrogeam Looks
Smashed/Flattened?

42. Pro and Con of Wide Directivity CW Doppler System
So Variety of
Theta
So Wide
View Angle
Flattened Spectrum

43. Pulsed/Range -Gated System would be more selective
Range Selective

45. Trial Pulsed-Doppler System; Transducer Bandwidth
Limiting Range Resolution, Not-So-Ideal Performance

46. -3dB Bandwidth =~ 1.8KHz
where Sound Speed =~ 340m/sec.
Range Resolution = NO BETTER THAN about 20cm
NONSENSE !!!

47. Doppler Spectra of Pulsed and CW systems
with system bandwidth = 1.8KHz
No Essential Difference = 100% Discouraging

48. In order to be PROPER Pulsed/Range-Gated Doppler
System, We will need >=10KHz Bandwidth for 3cm
range resolution
Good Reason to QSY-UP >100KHz
TOUGH !! EASY !!

49. For Pissing Boy Doppler Demo Visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CarotW-3Jfw

50. Our Position:
Traditional(Conventional) Methods ALL Stick to Quantity-Time
Measurement (by cup or turbin or any) to Yield Voiding Pattern

51. We Skip Q(t) Measurement and Direct to
Flow Pattern Observation by Doppler

52. Dopplers* Can Estimate Target Quantity Too,
However, With Limited Certainty**.
*Common for Microwave and Ultrasound.
**Practically, +-20% or like under known propagation attenuation.
Echo Power Represents
Target Mass

53. We Skip Q(t) and Direct Doppler Spectrum
to Flow Pattern, Because --

54. Almost of Diagnosis Can Be Made
With How and How and How----

55. Our Doppler Based Flow Pattern
(Real Data)
Conventional Q(t) Based Flow Pattern
(scheme)
These are quite well DIAGNOSIS compatible

56. We tried this for 31 urinations of 22 volunteers, 16 males and 6
females, for 27 (87.1%) successful acquisition of this style of
diagnostic quality urination pattern data.
Failures all caused by wrong positioning or direction of transducer
Preclinical/Laboratory Test (2012-2013)

57. Conclusion 1
DIY Doppler Uroflowmetry = FEASIBLE
QUALITATIVELY same data available for diagnosis
Will replace conventional MESS-CUP type device
Will allow DIY personal/digital/self-managed
healthcare in urology discipline

58. Conclusion 2
CW-Doppler systems work 100%, at 40KHz.
Due to transducer bandwidth limitation, pulsed
Doppler system didn t work as expected.
Pulsed Doppler needs ultra-wideband transducer for
40KHz, or must shift to >100KHz if using
conventional transducer design.

59. ABUS (Airborne Ultrasound) Doppler
There are so so many many other interesting, funny or
serious applications at our hand, however, will be
introduced in elsewhere and on chances.

60. 24h 7d Pissing Boy
Julian @Bruxelles
Having Tail Pipe!!

61. W/W Highest Altitude Pissing Boy
Statue Iya Valley, Tokushima, Japan
(Actually NO pissing at all)

62. Thanks for Your Attention