Journalism Ethics
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This document discusses key concepts in journalism ethics including libel, false light, the seven deadly sins of journalism, and journalistic ethics codes. It provides definitions for libel and false light violations. The seven deadly sins are deception, conflict of interest, bias, fabrication, theft, burning sources, and plagiarism. The document also quotes that a newspaper's core business is integrity and that readers must be able to trust the judgment, independence and values of the news. It references the Society of Professional Journalists' code of ethics.
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Stories can come from scheduled events like community festivals or press conferences, unscheduled events like crimes or accidents, political events at various government levels, reactions to current events by gathering local feedback, profiling interesting local people, niche beats with developed sources, social media as a source of ideas and crowd-sourcing, following the money behind plans and proposals, and being curious by asking questions about the world around you.
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The document discusses the "nut graf", which is an explanatory paragraph near the top of a news story that summarizes the key points or explains why readers should care. A good nut graf can add context, provide a supporting quote, or reinforce the importance. While not necessary for all stories, nut grafs work well for feature stories. The document also mentions that the Associated Press Stylebook is an industry standard for punctuation, capitalization and other writing guidelines for journalists.
Newswriting Basics #1 - Slideshare
The document provides definitions and guidelines for key concepts in journalism. It defines journalism, objectivity, and writing. It distinguishes between facts and opinions, noting that opinions should be left out of news stories. The inverted pyramid structure is introduced as the standard for organizing facts in a story from most to least important. Guidelines are given for writing leads, attributing information, and avoiding unnecessary words or jargon in stories. Associated Press style is identified as the industry standard for formatting elements like numbers, titles, capitalization and more.
Press Rights
The document discusses several aspects of press rights in the United States, including:
1) Privileges that protect fair reporting of information and opinions, as well as fair comment and criticism.
2) Protections from searches of newsrooms unless related to suspected criminal activity.
3) "Shield laws" in some states that allow reporters to protect confidential sources, though no federal shield laws exist.
4) Key areas of open courtrooms, meetings and records that support transparency.
Working in News - Slideshare
The document discusses different types of reporters and beats such as pets, computer games, gardening, music, religion, technology, travel, wine and beer, and senior issues. It also talks about how newspapers are moving to a "digital first" model where online editors and web producers are involved earlier in the process and content is geared more towards the web as the primary focus rather than as an afterthought. The document outlines some of the rewards of being a reporter such as every day being different, satisfying curiosity, potential to make a difference, meeting amazing people, and having front row access to major events and history.
Defining News - Slideshare
- Newsworthiness is subjective but news businesses must decide daily which stories deserve most coverage based on audience interest and attracting viewers through entertaining "infotainment".
- The "gatekeeping" process considers standard news values like proximity, timeliness, impact, prominence, conflict, and human interest. Technological changes have impacted factors like proximity and timeliness.
- Stories are also evaluated based on their ability to impact large audiences and involve prominent public figures or celebrities. Conflict between sides makes for compelling news coverage. Unusual human interest stories that fit the medium well can also be newsworthy.
Journalism Today #2 - slideshare
A paywall blocks access to a webpage until payment is made. Paywalls are used by some periodical publications to restrict access to online content. The 2011 State of the News Media Report from Pew Research Center found key findings about the state of different media industries such as newspapers, online, local TV, and cable. It also had special reports on mobile news and issues around paying for online content.
Journalism today1 - slideshare
This document provides an overview of journalism today and discusses key concepts. It mentions that Web 2.0 allows for fully interactive and user-generated content. It defines convergence as combining various media like text, images, audio and video to cover a story for multiple platforms. Finally, it notes that the textbook discusses three crucial questions facing the news business today.
History #3 - slideshare
This document provides a history of journalism from the late 1800s to present day. It discusses the following key points:
1) Yellow journalism in the late 1800s characterized by sensationalized headlines from Pulitzer's World and Hearst's Journal battling for readers.
2) At the turn of the century, muckraking journalists like Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens exposed social issues through magazines.
3) Radio news rose in the 1920s providing 24/7 coverage and dramatic storytelling to mass audiences.
4) Television news added pictures and emerged as the dominant medium in the 1960s through iconic events like the Kennedy assassination.
History1 slideshare
Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1453 had a profound influence on spreading information and challenging authorities. One of the earliest newspapers was published in 1690 in colonial America but was banned after one issue for emphasizing "conflict" and "fear". The Boston News-Letter, published starting in 1704, was the first genuine American newspaper but had few subscribers because its content was cleared by the Governor and deemed uninteresting. The trial of John Peter Zenger in 1734 set an important precedent for press freedom in America by establishing that truth is a defense against charges of seditious libel.
Chapter 16 – Legal Controls
This document discusses various legal controls on media in the United States, including the First Amendment right to free speech and freedom of the press. It outlines different models of press expression, such as the authoritarian, communist, and fourth estate models. It also discusses forms of unprotected speech like sedition, copyright infringement, libel, and obscenity. The document concludes with brief explanations of copyright law and net neutrality principles.
Blogging for Your Personal Brand
This document discusses the benefits of blogging for building a personal brand, including gaining visibility, credibility, and authenticity. It notes that blogging can help create community and currency or legacy. To start an effective blog, one needs an idea, niche, blogging platform, and willingness to learn. To thrive, the document recommends staying current, being authentic, engaging one's community, promoting on social media, and responding to constructive criticism.
Personal Branding Introduction
This document discusses the importance of personal branding and managing how others perceive you online. It defines personal branding as marking individuals and their careers as brands. It emphasizes that everyone already has a personal brand, whether created intentionally or by default, that is shaped by their appearance, communication skills, knowledge, attitude, behavior, and reputation. It also notes that tools like the internet and social media allow individuals to take control of their personal brand by managing how others see them online. The first step is understanding your own personal brand.
Chapter 15 – Media Effects
This document discusses media effects research and various theories about how media can impact individuals and society. It defines media effects research as attempting to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media. It also discusses several specific media effects theories, such as cultivation theory, agenda-setting, and the spiral of silence theory.
The entertainers ch 3 and ch 7
The document summarizes key topics related to the sound recording and movie industries, including:
- Piracy and its impact on the music industry.
- The Jazz Singer, the first full-length sound film featuring Al Jolson, which established sound technology and popularity in films.
- How aspiring filmmakers moved west to escape lawyers, take advantage of weather and varied scenery.
- Studios make money from box office revenue, DVD/video sales, television/cable releases, foreign markets, merchandising, and independent film distribution.
The Publishers - Ch 9 and 10
This document provides an overview of magazines and books as media. It discusses the history of muckraking magazines in the early 20th century, different types of magazines including niche and general interest, and how magazines make money through advertising. It also covers the history of print from the Gutenberg Bible to e-books, different types of published books, book publishing industries, and censorship and banning of books. Technology is changing publishing with e-books and tablets potentially replacing printed books.
The Broadcasters - Ch 4 and 5
This document provides a summary of the history and development of radio and television technologies. It discusses key inventors and how their innovations led to the establishment of networks and broadcasting systems. It also outlines how technological changes have disrupted traditional broadcast models, leading networks to decline and giving rise to new formats and distribution methods for audio and video content.
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- 1. Journalism Ethics COM 13500 Introduction to Journalism
- 2. Today’s Concepts • Libel • False Light • Seven Deadly Sins of Journalism • Journalistic Ethics • SPJ Code of Ethics
- 3. “A newspaper‟s core business is integrity. News is not a product like a tire or a paper towel. It is what we journalists say it is. The reader has to believe. A newspaper‟s „brand‟ is trust – trust in its judgment, its independence, its values. That‟s what remains constant. The news changes every day.” -Richard Cohen, Columnist, The Washington Post
- 4. Libel: Publication of a false statement that deliberately or carelessly damages someone’s reputation Harrower, p. 144
- 5. Invasions of Privacy: False Light • “When you run a story, a photo, a headline, even a photo caption that portrays someone in an inaccurate way – as something he or Caption: “Addicted to alcohol she is not.” – and homeless…” Harrower p. 146
- 6. Seven Deadly Sins 1. Deception: lying or misrepresenting yourself to obtain information. of Journalism 2. Conflict of Interest: accepting gifts or favors from sources or promoting social and political causes. 3. Bias: slanting a story by manipulating facts to sway readers’ opinions. 4. Fabrication: manufacturing quotes or imaginary sources or writing anything you know to be untrue. 5. Theft: obtaining information unlawfully or without a source’s permission. 6. Burning a Source: deceiving or betraying the confidence of those who provide information for a story. 7. Plagiarism: passing off someone else’s words or ideas as your own. Inside Reporting, Harrower p. 150-151
- 7. Code of Ethics: The Society of Professional Journalists Why do ethics matter to reporters and news outlets? Inside Reporting, Harrower p. 153