This document provides an agenda and discussion points for a session on how youth services librarians can help kids and teens distinguish real news from "fake news" in the current media landscape. The agenda covers defining philosophical differences versus dishonest evasions of fact, techniques used in fake news, how it works psychologically, and potential approaches for different age groups: encouraging truth-telling for young kids, news vs ads contests for middle schoolers, and reporter training for high schoolers. The discussion emphasizes the need to go beyond just facts by appealing to values of honesty and fairness when counteracting fake news.
Brian Housand, Ph.D.
brianhousand.com
@brianhousand
In 2006, we first learned that even the brightest students were easily fooled by internet hoaxes like the Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus. While we tried to laugh this off as the folly of misguided youth, a decade later we witnessed the rise of fake news and its impact on the “post-truth” world of 2016 overrun by an ever-growing network of social media. To fight for truth, justice, and yes, even the American way, this session presents a collection of superhero-themed critical thinking activities designed to empower you and your students to conquer the evils of fake news.
Brian Housand, Ph.D.
brianhousand.com
@brianhousand
In 2006, we first learned that even the brightest students were easily fooled by internet hoaxes like the Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus. While we tried to laugh this off as the folly of misguided youth, a decade later we witnessed the rise of fake news and its impact on the “post-truth” world of 2016 overrun by an ever-growing network of social media. To fight for truth, justice, and yes, even the American way, this session presents a collection of superhero-themed critical thinking activities designed to empower you and your students to conquer the evils of fake news.
We are living in the ear of post-truth. After the surge of fake news stories during the 2016 U.S. elections, several initiatives have been introduced to mitigate the problem like fact-checker organization, artificial intelligence and government aggressive measures. All this are promising, but are we really winning the battle against disinformation?
Handling fake news and eyewitness mediaAlastair Reid
How to debunk hoaxes effectively, deal with graphic images and understand copyright on social media – as presented at the 2016 Online News Association annual conference
What is 'fake news', why it matters and what we can do to help curb it. How do we build brands in a post-truth era? How to build emotional connections, respond in a crisis and power start-ups with social media
I was recently asked to put together a presentation on the fake news phenomenon for discussions with leading journalists and media institutions in a developing country, with extremely poor media literacy but strong growth around social media use, on how to both identify misleading content and also stem its flow, reach and influence.
Download the full presentation as a PowerPoint (with embedded videos) or as an Apple Keynote file, here - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bxbk4wYolphwcVk4bV85aEFtYXc
Fake news is untrue information presented as news. It often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity or making money through advertising revenue. Once common in print, the prevalence of fake news has increased with the rise of social media, especially the Facebook News Feed
In this lecture, I introduce several common cognitive biases and logical fallacies, explain how to identify fake news, and suggest steps that can be taken to enhance one's ability to be a smart consumer of news.
Highlights from veteran journalist Charlie Meyerson’s Sept. 26, 2017, presentation at the Downers Grove Public Library, where he offered guidance for weeding through digital noise and social media to find and share news responsibly.
Tara, Fact Check Muna! (A Discussion on Information Pandemic and Fake News)Gab Billones
Here are my slides in Episode 2 of the Department of Education (DepEd) Philippines' Wellness Check Webinar Series on the topic of "Fighting the Infodemic."
Topics:
- Context: The Current Media Landscape and the Rise of Citizen Journalism
- The New Global Pandemic: Fake News and Disinformation and Reasons Why It Exists
- Disinformation vs Misinformation vs Mal-information
- Responsible Digital Citizenship and Practical Ways to Spot and Respond to Fake News
References:
1. How Media Landscape Is Changing (richmedia.com/richideas/articles/how-we-consume-media-is-changing)
2. Digital 2020: The Philippines (https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-philippines)
3. WATCH: What's wrong with clickbait headlines? (https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/243857-video-tutorial-keep-clickbait-headlines-from-spreading)
4. https://www.webwise.ie/teachers/what-is-fake-news/
5. Journalism, 'Fake News' and Disinformation: A Handbook for Journalism Education and Training (https://en.unesco.org/fightfakenews)
6. The future of fake news: don't believe everything you read, see or hear (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/26/fake-news-obama-video-trump-face2face-doctored-content)
7. Bellingcat Investigation Toolkit (Bellingcat's Online Investigation Toolkit)
8. Fake News and Cyber Propaganda: The Use and Abuse of Social Media (https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/pl/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/fake-news-cyber-propaganda-the-abuse-of-social-media)
9. Fake News and Cyber Propaganda: The Use and Abuse of Social Media (https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/pl/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/fake-news-cyber-propaganda-the-abuse-of-social-media)
10. 5 ways to spot disinformation on your social media feeds (https://abcnews.go.com/US/ways-spot-disinformation-social-media-feeds/story?id=67784438)
11. During this coronavirus pandemic, ‘fake news’ is putting lives at risk: UNESCO (https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061592)
12. "Fake News", Disinformation, and Propaganda (https://guides.library.harvard.edu/fake)
13. World trends in freedom of expression and media development: global report 2017/2018 (https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261065)
14. Fake news and the spread of misinformation: A research roundup (https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/internet/fake-news-conspiracy-theories-journalism-research/)
15. How to spot coronavirus fake news – an expert guide (https://theconversation.com/how-to-spot-coronavirus-fake-news-an-expert-guide-133843)
16. How to Talk to Your Facebook Friends about Fake News (https://www.theopennotebook.com/2017/02/21/how-to-talk-to-your-facebook-friends-about-fake-news/)\
Fake news: Identifying, debunking and discussing false narratives with learnersLearningandTeaching
Fake news. It was the 2017 word of the year, but how is it understood by the student of today?
Students today are often heavily engaged in the online community, moving in social spheres that may be foreign to their teachers. With studies revealing that 48% of Australians now use social media as a news source, it is increasingly important for educators to understand how their students are engaging with online content and communities. As educators, we must equip ourselves with the tools and skillsets needed to debunk false, misleading and biased content and to show our students how to do the same.
In these slides, Alyce Hogg introduces the drivers of fake news, from online communities like ‘Reddit’ and ‘4chan’, to bots and content mills. Alyce also provides strategies and resources for identifying and debunking fake news, and suggests approaches for discussing fake news with students.
This is a webinar organised by the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter, in collaboration with Digital Citizens.
The aim of the webinar is to equip library and information professionals with necessary technologies and strategies needed to play key roles in the dissemination of correct information, and in the information literacy of citizens, in this era of fake news and misinformation.
NCompass Live - Oct. 24, 2018
http://nlc.nebraska.gov/ncompasslive/
With the proliferation of fake (or, at least, dubious) news, students need to know the strategies necessary to be a good consumer of information. This involves fine-tuning their critical thinking skills and using prior knowledge when determining the validity of research information. This presentation will give school librarians ideas and information they can incorporate in their information literacy curriculum.
Presenter: Judy Henning, Assistant Professor - School Library Program, University of Nebraska at Kearney.
We are living in the ear of post-truth. After the surge of fake news stories during the 2016 U.S. elections, several initiatives have been introduced to mitigate the problem like fact-checker organization, artificial intelligence and government aggressive measures. All this are promising, but are we really winning the battle against disinformation?
Handling fake news and eyewitness mediaAlastair Reid
How to debunk hoaxes effectively, deal with graphic images and understand copyright on social media – as presented at the 2016 Online News Association annual conference
What is 'fake news', why it matters and what we can do to help curb it. How do we build brands in a post-truth era? How to build emotional connections, respond in a crisis and power start-ups with social media
I was recently asked to put together a presentation on the fake news phenomenon for discussions with leading journalists and media institutions in a developing country, with extremely poor media literacy but strong growth around social media use, on how to both identify misleading content and also stem its flow, reach and influence.
Download the full presentation as a PowerPoint (with embedded videos) or as an Apple Keynote file, here - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0Bxbk4wYolphwcVk4bV85aEFtYXc
Fake news is untrue information presented as news. It often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity or making money through advertising revenue. Once common in print, the prevalence of fake news has increased with the rise of social media, especially the Facebook News Feed
In this lecture, I introduce several common cognitive biases and logical fallacies, explain how to identify fake news, and suggest steps that can be taken to enhance one's ability to be a smart consumer of news.
Highlights from veteran journalist Charlie Meyerson’s Sept. 26, 2017, presentation at the Downers Grove Public Library, where he offered guidance for weeding through digital noise and social media to find and share news responsibly.
Tara, Fact Check Muna! (A Discussion on Information Pandemic and Fake News)Gab Billones
Here are my slides in Episode 2 of the Department of Education (DepEd) Philippines' Wellness Check Webinar Series on the topic of "Fighting the Infodemic."
Topics:
- Context: The Current Media Landscape and the Rise of Citizen Journalism
- The New Global Pandemic: Fake News and Disinformation and Reasons Why It Exists
- Disinformation vs Misinformation vs Mal-information
- Responsible Digital Citizenship and Practical Ways to Spot and Respond to Fake News
References:
1. How Media Landscape Is Changing (richmedia.com/richideas/articles/how-we-consume-media-is-changing)
2. Digital 2020: The Philippines (https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-philippines)
3. WATCH: What's wrong with clickbait headlines? (https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/243857-video-tutorial-keep-clickbait-headlines-from-spreading)
4. https://www.webwise.ie/teachers/what-is-fake-news/
5. Journalism, 'Fake News' and Disinformation: A Handbook for Journalism Education and Training (https://en.unesco.org/fightfakenews)
6. The future of fake news: don't believe everything you read, see or hear (https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/26/fake-news-obama-video-trump-face2face-doctored-content)
7. Bellingcat Investigation Toolkit (Bellingcat's Online Investigation Toolkit)
8. Fake News and Cyber Propaganda: The Use and Abuse of Social Media (https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/pl/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/fake-news-cyber-propaganda-the-abuse-of-social-media)
9. Fake News and Cyber Propaganda: The Use and Abuse of Social Media (https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/pl/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/fake-news-cyber-propaganda-the-abuse-of-social-media)
10. 5 ways to spot disinformation on your social media feeds (https://abcnews.go.com/US/ways-spot-disinformation-social-media-feeds/story?id=67784438)
11. During this coronavirus pandemic, ‘fake news’ is putting lives at risk: UNESCO (https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061592)
12. "Fake News", Disinformation, and Propaganda (https://guides.library.harvard.edu/fake)
13. World trends in freedom of expression and media development: global report 2017/2018 (https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000261065)
14. Fake news and the spread of misinformation: A research roundup (https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/internet/fake-news-conspiracy-theories-journalism-research/)
15. How to spot coronavirus fake news – an expert guide (https://theconversation.com/how-to-spot-coronavirus-fake-news-an-expert-guide-133843)
16. How to Talk to Your Facebook Friends about Fake News (https://www.theopennotebook.com/2017/02/21/how-to-talk-to-your-facebook-friends-about-fake-news/)\
Fake news: Identifying, debunking and discussing false narratives with learnersLearningandTeaching
Fake news. It was the 2017 word of the year, but how is it understood by the student of today?
Students today are often heavily engaged in the online community, moving in social spheres that may be foreign to their teachers. With studies revealing that 48% of Australians now use social media as a news source, it is increasingly important for educators to understand how their students are engaging with online content and communities. As educators, we must equip ourselves with the tools and skillsets needed to debunk false, misleading and biased content and to show our students how to do the same.
In these slides, Alyce Hogg introduces the drivers of fake news, from online communities like ‘Reddit’ and ‘4chan’, to bots and content mills. Alyce also provides strategies and resources for identifying and debunking fake news, and suggests approaches for discussing fake news with students.
This is a webinar organised by the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter, in collaboration with Digital Citizens.
The aim of the webinar is to equip library and information professionals with necessary technologies and strategies needed to play key roles in the dissemination of correct information, and in the information literacy of citizens, in this era of fake news and misinformation.
NCompass Live - Oct. 24, 2018
http://nlc.nebraska.gov/ncompasslive/
With the proliferation of fake (or, at least, dubious) news, students need to know the strategies necessary to be a good consumer of information. This involves fine-tuning their critical thinking skills and using prior knowledge when determining the validity of research information. This presentation will give school librarians ideas and information they can incorporate in their information literacy curriculum.
Presenter: Judy Henning, Assistant Professor - School Library Program, University of Nebraska at Kearney.
Exploring Fake News and Alternative Facts [Revised & Expanded]Jonathan Bacon
This session was presented at #SIDLIT2017 on Thursday, August 3, 2017 and focused on how to spot fake news. Several steps were outlined to verify the accuracy of everything from email chain letters to websites to Facebook postings. Included in the session is information on known fake news sites, and key characteristics of bogusness. The presentation also discusses critical thinking, logical fallacies, useful sites for checking the veracity of information commonly found online as well as steps everyone can take to fight the prevalence of fake news (the bad news phenomenon).
A s Y o u R e a d , T h in k A b o u t How can we st.docxaryan532920
A s Y o u R e a d , T h in k A b o u t : How can we stop the spread of fake news?
Y
ou’re scrolling through your Twitter feed
when all of a sudden, a shocking headline
fills your screen: “England BANS VIDEO
GAMES!!” Outraged, you text your friends,
who in turn text their friends. Could the
United States be next, you wonder?
Soon, millions of people across the country
are sharing the article on Facebook and Twitter.
Within hours, the story has gone viral. The only
problem? The article is fake—and you fell for it.
Made-up stories like that one are designed to look
real but are completely or partly untrue. Sometimes
it’s easy to tell when an article is false—words might
be misspelled or randomly capitalized, or the headline
might contain multiple exclamation points. But more
often than not, fake-news writers are careful to make
their stories seem real by including headlines, details,
and data that sound believable.
Such articles may seem harmless, but they can have
real consequences. For example, experts say that false
stories may have influenced the 2016 U.S. presidential
election. During the campaign,
made-up articles about the two main
candidates—including current president
Donald Trump—were shared on
Facebook nearly 38 million times. Many
people now worry that deceptive stories
could affect the outcome of next year’s
presidential election.
That would be a major problem, says
Alan C. Miller. He’s the founder of the
News Literacy Project, an organization
that helps students learn how to spot
misinformation. Part of being a good citizen means
knowing what’s happening in the world around us—
and being mindful that not everything we see on the
internet and social media is true.
“The overwhelming majority of information available
online has not been verified,” says Miller. “It has
not been approved by an editor or signed off on by a
fact-checker. So we all need to have a healthy amount
of skepticism about what we see.”
History of Lies
The act of influencing people with fake stories may
seem new, but it’s been around for centuries. During the
American Revolution (1775-1783), Benjamin Franklin,
C h eck o u t o u r v id e o a t
junior.sicholastic.com
f o r easy t ip s on
h o w t o s p o t m a d e -u p
s to rie s , e v a lu a te an
a u th o r’ s sou rces,
a n d id e n tify a ds o n
s o c ia l m e d ia .
M a n y e x p e rts
w o r r y t h a t
fa k e n ew s
s to rie s c o u ld
in flu e n c e
n e x t y e a r ’s
p re s id e n tia l
e le c tio n .
one of the nation’s founders, was VIDEO
himself guilty of spreading false
stories. He attempted to increase
support for the war by writing
articles that falsely claimed that
the British had teamed up with
Native Americans to murder
colonial women and children.
In the late 1800s, newspapers competed
for readers by printing shocking headlines and
overdramatizing stories. Sometimes writers made up
quotes altogether an.
A s Y o u R e a d , T h in k A b o u t How can we st.docxannetnash8266
A s Y o u R e a d , T h in k A b o u t : How can we stop the spread of fake news?
Y
ou’re scrolling through your Twitter feed
when all of a sudden, a shocking headline
fills your screen: “England BANS VIDEO
GAMES!!” Outraged, you text your friends,
who in turn text their friends. Could the
United States be next, you wonder?
Soon, millions of people across the country
are sharing the article on Facebook and Twitter.
Within hours, the story has gone viral. The only
problem? The article is fake—and you fell for it.
Made-up stories like that one are designed to look
real but are completely or partly untrue. Sometimes
it’s easy to tell when an article is false—words might
be misspelled or randomly capitalized, or the headline
might contain multiple exclamation points. But more
often than not, fake-news writers are careful to make
their stories seem real by including headlines, details,
and data that sound believable.
Such articles may seem harmless, but they can have
real consequences. For example, experts say that false
stories may have influenced the 2016 U.S. presidential
election. During the campaign,
made-up articles about the two main
candidates—including current president
Donald Trump—were shared on
Facebook nearly 38 million times. Many
people now worry that deceptive stories
could affect the outcome of next year’s
presidential election.
That would be a major problem, says
Alan C. Miller. He’s the founder of the
News Literacy Project, an organization
that helps students learn how to spot
misinformation. Part of being a good citizen means
knowing what’s happening in the world around us—
and being mindful that not everything we see on the
internet and social media is true.
“The overwhelming majority of information available
online has not been verified,” says Miller. “It has
not been approved by an editor or signed off on by a
fact-checker. So we all need to have a healthy amount
of skepticism about what we see.”
History of Lies
The act of influencing people with fake stories may
seem new, but it’s been around for centuries. During the
American Revolution (1775-1783), Benjamin Franklin,
C h eck o u t o u r v id e o a t
junior.sicholastic.com
f o r easy t ip s on
h o w t o s p o t m a d e -u p
s to rie s , e v a lu a te an
a u th o r’ s sou rces,
a n d id e n tify a ds o n
s o c ia l m e d ia .
M a n y e x p e rts
w o r r y t h a t
fa k e n ew s
s to rie s c o u ld
in flu e n c e
n e x t y e a r ’s
p re s id e n tia l
e le c tio n .
one of the nation’s founders, was VIDEO
himself guilty of spreading false
stories. He attempted to increase
support for the war by writing
articles that falsely claimed that
the British had teamed up with
Native Americans to murder
colonial women and children.
In the late 1800s, newspapers competed
for readers by printing shocking headlines and
overdramatizing stories. Sometimes writers made up
quotes altogether an.
005 Essay Example Proposal Proposals Examples ~ Thatsnotus. Grant Writing Proposal Sample Printable Template [Pack of 5]. Understanding What a Thesis Proposal is and How to Write it. Proposal Examples - 91+ Samples in PDF | DOC | Google Docs | Pages .... Writing A Proposal | Template Business. Writing Classes | Tim's Free English Lesson Plans. #1 To write a proposal. Homework Help Sites.. Essay Proposal Example | Sitedoct.org. 002 Proposal Essay Examples Example ~ Thatsnotus. Written Proposal Examples Inspirational Business Letter Sample November .... Proposal writing sample 2. Module 3: Assignment: Letter - Writing a Proposal Letter | Homework .... Analysis and Viability of IDS Budget Proposal: A Strategic Approach .... 017 Proposal Essay Topics Templates Research Uk ~ Thatsnotus. Example Proposal Essays. grant proposal Doc Template | pdfFiller. Sample Proposal For Thesis Pdf - Guide for Writing Thesis Proposals. Choose From 40 Research Proposal Templates & Examples 100% Free White .... College essay: Essay proposal sample. #1 Proposal essay. Homework Help Sites.. Proposal - essay - Proposal Brittney Grimm PSY Dr. Bieger Capella ... How To Write A Essay Proposal
50 Free Persuasive Essay Examples (+BEST Topics) ᐅ TemplateLab. Essay websites: What is a persuasive essay. Persuasive Essay. Writing persuasive essay - The Oscillation Band. Beth Wilcox's Northern Learning Centre Blog: Persuasive Essay Format. Writing paper: Essay persuasive. An example of persuasive essay. 013 Good Persuasive Essay Topics Example ~ Thatsnotus. Essay websites: Persuasive thesis. School essay: Example for persuasive writing.
How to Spot Fake News: Be a Smarter Surfer
Presented by Liz Ryan and Erin Robinson
Derry Public Library
Learn how to spot fake news and pick up strategies on cross referencing, fact checking and avoiding propaganda!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. What I Promised
Talk Description: “In this interactive keynote session, Marcus Banks will
discuss hallmarks of legitimate news sources as well as common techniques
used to distort what has actually occurred in the world. He will describe the
difference between honest differences of opinion and dishonest evasions of
fact. Based on this framework, Banks and audience members will develop
creative solutions for imparting these concepts to youth in a compelling and
interesting way. By the end of the session attendees will have at least one
idea or method that they can use in their home libraries.”
4. Agenda
Ways of Understanding the World Will Always Conflict
• Philosophical Differences Are Real and Valid
• Comment is Free, But Facts Are Sacred
----
Fake News: A Way to Claim Power by Falsely Declaring Reality
• Fake News Is Old News
• How to Spot Fake News
• Gradations of Fakeness
• Who Decides What is Fake?
• Why Fake News Works (Even on Librarians)
----
How Youth Services Librarians can Challenge Fake News
• Countering Fake News Requires More than Facts and Lists and Tips and Tricks
• Young Children: Encouraging Them to Tell the Truth
• Middle School Children: Contests to Distinguish News Reports from Ads
• High School Children: Training Them to Become Journalists
5. WAYS OF UNDERSTANDING THE
WORLD WILL ALWAYS CONFLICT
PHILOSOPHICAL DIFFERENCES ARE REAL AND VALID
COMMENT IS FREE, BUT FACTS ARE SACRED
6.
7. D. Robert Worley, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/d-robert-worley/conservatives-progressives_b_1879200.html
7
9. “Comment is free, but facts are sacred”
“A newspaper is of necessity something of a monopoly, and its
first duty is to shun the temptations of monopoly. Its primary
office is the gathering of news. At the peril of its soul it must see
that the supply is not tainted. Neither in what it gives, nor in
what it does not give, nor in the mode of presentation must the
unclouded face of truth suffer wrong. Comment is free, but facts
are sacred. ‘Propaganda,’ so called, by this means is hateful. The
voice of opponents no less than that of friends has a right to be
heard. Comment also is justly subject to a self-imposed restraint.
It is well to be frank; it is even better to be fair.”
– C.P. Scott, The Guardian, 1921.
9
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2002/nov/29/1
10. FAKE NEWS: A WAY TO CLAIM POWER
BY FALSELY DECLARING REALITY
GRADATIONS OF “FAKENESS”
FAKE NEWS IS OLD NEWS
HOW TO SPOT FAKE NEWS
WHO DECIDES?
HOW FAKE NEWS WORKS (EVEN ON LIBRARIANS)
13. Gradations of “Fakeness”
• Pure fake news: completely fabricated stories
• Hoax sites
• Satirical sites (“The Onion”)
• Digitally altered/edited images
Caveat: Even organizations seeking to tell the truth will
get things wrong.
http://blogs.slj.com/neverendingsearch/2016/11/26/truth-
truthiness-triangulation-and-the-librarian-way-a-news-
literacy-toolkit-for-a-post-truth-world/ (Joyce Valenza)
14. Fake News is Old News
• Sixth century: Procopius writes dubious
information in the Anecdota
• 1522: Pietro Aretino writes false sonnets to
sway the pontifical election
• 1700s: “Canards” developed in Paris, and
thrive for 200 years
• January 2017: White House Advisor
Kellyanne Conway coins the term
“alternative facts”
14
http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2017/02/13/the-true-history-
of-fake-news/ (Robert Darnton)
15. Fake News is Old News
“The Yellow Press,” 1910. (Library of Congress)
15
16. How to Spot Fake News
Rules of Thumb:
• Check “About” and “About Me” Pages (Credentials)
• Interrogate URLs (.co or .lo are suspect)
• Suspect sensational, florid language
• Check the sources an author mentions, to make sure
those original sources actually support new claims
• Triangulate: Corroborate information in multiple sources
http://blogs.slj.com/neverendingsearch/2016/11/26/truth-
truthiness-triangulation-and-the-librarian-way-a-news-
literacy-toolkit-for-a-post-truth-world/ (Joyce Valenza)
17. How to Spot Fake News
1. Know what type of content you are reading. News report?
Opinion piece?
2. Know the sources and why they are being cited
3. Understand the evidence and how it was vetted
4. Decide if the main argument is proven by the information
presented
5. See if there is anything missing from the story
6. Decide if your media diet tells you what you need to know
Browser Plugin for Detecting Fake News: http://bsdetector.tech/
17
Source: https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/six-critical-
questions-can-use-evaluate-media-content/
23. How Fake News Works (Even on Librarians)
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/contemporary-psychoanalysis-in-
action/201612/fake-news-why-we-fall-it
24. How Fake News Works (Even on Librarians)
http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/donald-trump-lies-liar-effect-
brain-214658
25. HOW YOUTH SERVICES LIBRARIANS
CAN CHALLENGE FAKE NEWS
COUNTERING FAKE NEWS REQUIRES MORE THAN FACTS AND LISTS AND TIPS AND
TRICKS
YOUNG CHILDREN: ENCOURAGING THEM TO TELL THE TRUTH
MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN: CONTESTS TO DISTINGUISH NEWS FROM ADS THAT
PURPORT TO BE NEWS
HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN: TRAINING TO BECOME REPORTERS
26. Countering Fake News Requires More than Facts
and Lists and Tips and Tricks
Source: https://points.datasociety.net/did-media-literacy-backfire-7418c084d88d
27. Countering Fake News Requires More than Facts
and Lists and Tips and Tricks
Source: http://bit.ly/2mIoIZY
28. Countering Fake News Requires More than Facts
and Lists and Tips and Tricks
https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2017/02/27/why-the-american-public-
seems-allergic-to-facts/
29. Young Children: Encouraging Them
to Tell the Truth
Idea for Discussion:
• Utilize library story times to impart the value of telling the truth and
treating others fairly
• Children at this age are too young to understand the nuances of “fake
news,” but can begin to appreciate the values of honest and fairness
Suggestion: Emphasize stories in which honesty is rewarded, not stories in
which dishonesty is punished
• Rationale for Suggestion: https://www.wired.com/2014/08/teaching-kids-
to-tell-truth/
– In University of Toronto study, children were more likely to be honest
after learning that George Washington could not tell a lie than upon
discovering that Pinocchio often lied. Use carrots, not sticks.
30. Middle School Children: Contests to Distinguish News
from Ads that Purport to be News
Source: http://slate.me/2h9zjJ6
31. High School Students: Training to Become
Reporters
https://www.dallasnews.com/news/dallas/2016/11/26/dallas-public-
library-dallas-morning-news-seek-high-school-students-eager-report
32. Open Discussion: Ideas for
Youth Services Librarians
• These are starting points, each of you know
what would work in your libraries.
• The Dallas program is quite ambitious, it
would be possible to start smaller and build
up to that level.
• What are your ideas and reactions to these
proposals? Share now and throughout the
day! Thank you!
