Osteoarthritis ورم مفصل و عظم presentation

1. Osteoarthritis ‫مرض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ک‬ ‫جوڑوں‬ ، ‫عظم‬ ‫و‬ ‫صل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫م‬ ‫ورم‬
‫شوز‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ک‬ ‫شجوڑوں‬
Typically affects the fingers, spine, hips and
knees
O.A KNEE
Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that mostly affects
cartilage. Cartilage is the slippery tissue that covers the
ends of bones in a joint. Healthy cartilage allows bones to
glide over each other. It also helps absorb shock of
movement.
In osteoarthritis, the top layer of cartilage breaks down
and wears away. This allows bones under the cartilage to

2. rub together. The rubbing causes pain, swelling, and loss
of motion of the joint. Over time, the joint may lose its
normal shape. Also, bone spurs may grow on the edges of
the joint. Bits of bone or cartilage can break off and float
inside the joint space, which causes more pain and
damage.
People with osteoarthritis often have joint pain and
reduced motion. Unlike some other forms of arthritis,
osteoarthritis affects only joints and not internal organs.
Common in older patients but can occur in younger
patients ( genetic mechanism , previous joint trauma )
Pathophysiology
• Degenerative alterations primarily begin in the
articular cartilage
• External forces accelerate the catabolic effects of the
chondrocytes and disrupt the cartilaginous matrix

3. • Enzymatic destruction increases cartilage degradation
↓ proteoglycans and collagen synthesis
• Decreased strength of the cartilage is compounded by
adverse alterations of the collagen
• Reduced contact area of the cartilage
• Loss of cartilage results in the loss of the joint space
• Progressive erosion of the damaged cartilage occurs
until the underlying bone is exposed
• Subchondral bone responds with vascular invasion
and increased cellularity, at areas of pressure

5. How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?
Warning signs of osteoarthritis are:
 Stiffness in a joint after getting out of bed or sitting for
a long time
 Swelling or tenderness in one or more joints
 A crunching feeling or the sound of bone rubbing on
bone.

6. No single test can diagnose osteoarthritis. Most doctors
use several methods to diagnose the disease and rule out
other problems:
 Medical history
 Physical exam
 X-rays

7. Treatment of O.A

8. Prevention of O.A
1. Maintain Your Ideal Body Weigh
2.Avoid Injury to Joints
3.Exercise