Stephens-Huber: Income Inequality and Redistribution: Demographic, Economic, and Political Determinants, presented for TransAtlantic Masters lecture series 2014
Presentation given by Graeme Harrison, Associate Director of Oxford Economics to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (CEE) conference on Working Poverty, 28 May 2014.
Explaining the characteristics underpinning the Brexit vote across different parts of the UK, by Resolution Foundation's Stephen Clarke and Matthew Whittaker.
Presentation given by Graeme Harrison, Associate Director of Oxford Economics to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (CEE) conference on Working Poverty, 28 May 2014.
Explaining the characteristics underpinning the Brexit vote across different parts of the UK, by Resolution Foundation's Stephen Clarke and Matthew Whittaker.
People’s well-being has generally progressed since the early 20th century across a large part of the world, according to How Was Life? Global Well-Being since 1820. The study presents for the first time systematic evidence of trends in areas such as health, education, inequality, the environment and personal security over the past 200 years.
The How’s Life? report (http://oe.cd/how-is-life) charts the promises and pitfalls for people’s well-being in 35 OECD countries and 6 partner countries. It presents the latest evidence from 50 indicators, covering both current well-being outcomes and resources for future well-being, and including changes since 2005. During this period there have been signs of progress, but gains in some aspects of life have been offset by losses elsewhere. This fourth edition highlights the many faces of inequality, showing that gaps in people’s achievements and opportunities extend right across the different dimensions of well-being. It exposes divisions according to age, gender, and education, and reveals pockets of inequality in all OECD countries. It also brings to light the many well-being disadvantages that migrants face in adapting to life abroad. Additionally, the report examines governance as seen from the citizen’s perspective, revealing gaps between public institutions and the people they serve. Finally, it provides a country-by-country perspective, pinpointing strengths, challenges and changes in well-being over time in 41 country profiles.
How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, which features a range of studies and analysis about people’s well-being and how to measure it, and includes the interactive Better Life Index website.
Poverty Reduction Policies in Low Income Countriestutor2u
This revision presentation covers some of the main causes of continued high levels of extreme poverty in low and middle income countries and considers a range of pro-poor government interventions designed to increase productivity and regular employment and waged income in formal labour markets.
A presentation paper on Economic Inequality in Developing Country. The paper shows how the economic inequality in developing country is, how it is measured, and how it affects the economy of a developing country. By Sadman Joa.
It gives a complete idea of various ways to reduce the gap between the rich and poor people in India and finding the ways of such an inequality in income
Presentation to STUC Decent Work, Dignified Lives conference on 15 October 2014. David Bell and David Eiser discuss the nature and drivers of income inequality in Scotland. The presentation concludes with a discussion of policy mechanisms with the potential to reduce inequality in Scotland.
People’s well-being has generally progressed since the early 20th century across a large part of the world, according to How Was Life? Global Well-Being since 1820. The study presents for the first time systematic evidence of trends in areas such as health, education, inequality, the environment and personal security over the past 200 years.
The How’s Life? report (http://oe.cd/how-is-life) charts the promises and pitfalls for people’s well-being in 35 OECD countries and 6 partner countries. It presents the latest evidence from 50 indicators, covering both current well-being outcomes and resources for future well-being, and including changes since 2005. During this period there have been signs of progress, but gains in some aspects of life have been offset by losses elsewhere. This fourth edition highlights the many faces of inequality, showing that gaps in people’s achievements and opportunities extend right across the different dimensions of well-being. It exposes divisions according to age, gender, and education, and reveals pockets of inequality in all OECD countries. It also brings to light the many well-being disadvantages that migrants face in adapting to life abroad. Additionally, the report examines governance as seen from the citizen’s perspective, revealing gaps between public institutions and the people they serve. Finally, it provides a country-by-country perspective, pinpointing strengths, challenges and changes in well-being over time in 41 country profiles.
How’s Life? is part of the OECD Better Life Initiative, which features a range of studies and analysis about people’s well-being and how to measure it, and includes the interactive Better Life Index website.
Poverty Reduction Policies in Low Income Countriestutor2u
This revision presentation covers some of the main causes of continued high levels of extreme poverty in low and middle income countries and considers a range of pro-poor government interventions designed to increase productivity and regular employment and waged income in formal labour markets.
A presentation paper on Economic Inequality in Developing Country. The paper shows how the economic inequality in developing country is, how it is measured, and how it affects the economy of a developing country. By Sadman Joa.
It gives a complete idea of various ways to reduce the gap between the rich and poor people in India and finding the ways of such an inequality in income
Presentation to STUC Decent Work, Dignified Lives conference on 15 October 2014. David Bell and David Eiser discuss the nature and drivers of income inequality in Scotland. The presentation concludes with a discussion of policy mechanisms with the potential to reduce inequality in Scotland.
Functional Income inequality and the post 2015 Agenda - presentation by Rolp...reinoutthebroker
Rolph van der Hoeven, ISS
For the occasion of The Development Studies Association Annual Conference 2013
16 November 2013, Birmingham
Panel 25: Inequality and the Post 2015 Agenda, organised by the Broker
http://thebrokeronline.eu/Articles/Inequality-is-politics
Presentation drawn from my book, We Are Better Than This: How Government Should Spend Our Money, on how better fiscal policy can respond to surging top-end inequality, stagnant middle class incomes, and economic growth.
"Checking In or Checking Out? Parties, Issues, and Campaigns in European Elections," presentation by Prof. Jae-Jae Spoon of the University of North Texas, Sept. 20, 2013, at the FedEx Global Education Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.
"Xenophobia and Contact: European Attitudes toward Immigrants," presentation by Prof. Set Jolly of Syracuse University, Sept. 13, 2013, at the FedEx Global Education Center, UNC-Chapel Hill. Produced by the UNC Center for European Studies.
CES video channel: http://youtube.com/UNCEurope
More CES events: http://europe.unc.edu/events/ces-series
TransAtlantic Masters Program: http://europe.unc.edu/tam
UNC Sustainability Symposium: Kim Marotta 2082013UNCEurope
Panel Discussion: Corporate Perspectives on Energy and Water Consumption, with Kim Marotta, Chief Sustainability Officer, MillerCoors, Feb. 8, 2013, UNC-Chapel Hill.
UNC Sustainability Symposium: Jennifer Turner 2082013UNCEurope
Panel Discussion: The Supply Side of the Water-Energy Nexus, with Jennifer Turner, Director, China Environment Forum at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Feb. 8, 2013, UNC-Chapel Hill.
Closing Keynote: Ted Howes, Chair of The World Economic Forum’s Agenda Council on Sustainable Consumption, Feb. 8, 2013, UNC-Chapel Hill.
http://areastudies.unc.edu/sustainability-symposium/
Social Policy in Times of Crisis: Current Responses and Past Experiences: Presentation for UNC Center for European Studies Fall Lecture Series 2012, Beyond the Euro Crisis
From (US) financial crisis to euro crisis: Why are American houses connected to Europe's internal imbalances?: Presentation for UNC Center for European Studies Fall Lecture Series 2012, Beyond the Euro Crisis
Skills Challenges in Europe: Food for Thought from North Carolina Community Colleges: Presentation for UNC Center for European Studies Fall Lecture Series 2012, Beyond the Euro Crisis
Why multilevel governance (and why the halting response to the euro zone crisis)?: Presentation for UNC Center for European Studies Fall Lecture Series 2012, Beyond the Euro Crisis
Debt Management, Country Categorizations and Government-Financial Market Relations: Presentation for UNC Center for European Studies Fall Lecture Series 2012, Beyond the Euro Crisis
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
John Stephens UNC-CH 20140912
1. Income Inequality and Redistribution: Demographic, Economic, and Political Determinants
Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2. The problem
•For roughly half a century beginning in the late 1920s, income inequality declined in most of the industrial countries (Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan).
•In the thirty years after WWII, the Golden Age of high economic growth, this trend was reinforced by the rapid expansion of the welfare state which redistributed income to low income groups, to different degrees in different countries.
•Since the mid seventies, inequality has grown in all of these countries to different degrees.
•In the extreme case of the US, the incomes of families in the lower half of the income distribution have stagnated. All of the benefits of economic growth have been reaped by high income households, especially the very rich.
3. LIS data
•Gold standard for data on income inequality, harmonized
•Micro data available, making it possible to isolate groups, multi-level analysis, etc.
•Most post industrial democracies, adding countries in Latin America and Asia
•18 Post industrial democracies
•Unbalanced, varying number of time observations per case (3- 11)
•Many gaps Random effects rather than Prais Winsten regressions.
4. Welfare State Regimes
•Nordic/ Social democratic
–Generous; redistributive; universal; service-heavy
•Continental/ Christian democratic
–Generous/ less redistributive; few services
•Anglo-Saxon/ Liberal
–Residual/ targeted; few services/ but NHS
•Mediterranean/ Conservative and late
–Corporatist/ catch-up with universal elements
5. Table 1: Trends in inequality by regimeEstimatedAverage changePre tax and transfer inequality1985 Levelper decadeNNordic30.92.224Continental Europe33.91.333Southern Europe35.42.018Anglo-American countries37.63.441RedistributionNordic33%2.424Continental Europe24%1.034Southern Europe13%2.218Anglo-American countries21%1.941Post tax and transfer inequalityNordic20.5.724Continental Europe25.6.633Southern Europe31.2.718Anglo-American countries29.62.041
6. Determinants of pre tax and transfer houshold income inequality
•Wage dispersion
–Union density
–Bargaining centralization
–Left government
–Nickell – skill dispersion
•Household change, single mother households
•De-industrialization
•Employment levels
•Race between education and technology – education spending
7. Household Change
•Increasing rates of divorce of single-mother households
•Low participation in labor market high risk of poverty
•Significant differences between countries because of differences in availability of child care labor market participation of single mothers, and generosity of transfers poverty levels
8. Deindustrialization
•In all advanced industrial societies and even the more advanced developing countries, the proportion of the labor force in industry has declined (technological progress and globalization).
•Result: disappearance of relatively well-paid jobs for low-skilled workers, as low-skilled jobs in the service sector tend to have lower productivity and pay less
9. Race between Technology and Education
•Transition to the knowledge society requires an ever more skilled labor force
•To have an ample supply, you would need growing investment in high quality education
•In some countries (specifically the US), investment in public education has not kept pace with need, and the imbalance between supply and demand for skilled labor drives up pay for skilled labor
11. -5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Unemployment
Union density
% of children living in single mother households
Industrial employment
Education Spending
Employment as a % of the working age population
Determinants of Market Income Distribution
14. Causes of increases in market income inequality
Nordic countries
•Deindustrialization
•Slightly declining employment from very high level
•Unemployment increase highest (from lowest initial level)
•Increase in children in single mother households
•Countervailing factor: education spending, starts at the highest level and strongest increase at 0.3% per decade
Continental Europe
•Deindustrialization
•Increase in children in single mother households
•Increases in unemployment
•Countervailing factor: increase in employment
Anglo-American countries
•Deindustrialization
•Largest increase in children in single mother households from highest initial level
•Decreasing education spending, losing “race between education and technology”
15. Hypotheses on Causes of Redistribution
•Size of transfers: it IS true that you can solve some problems by throwing money at them; e.g. generous unemployment benefits and child allowances or minimum income schemes
•Structure of transfers determined by left/ right and Christian democratic politics
•Problem pressure: at any given level of entitlements, larger problems will result in larger redistribution
16.
17. -4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Left cabinet
Unemployment replacement rates
Unemployment
% of children living in single mother households
Employment as a % of the working age population
Redistribution
18. Table 6: Trends in "policy" redistribution by regimeEstimatedAverage change1985 Levelper decadeNAll countries15%-.2117Nordic24%.224Continental Europe16%-.534Southern Europe1%3.618Anglo-American countries10%.441
20. -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Nonaged spending
Nonaged spending
Social spending
Social spending
ALMP spending
Daycare spending
Health care spending
Health care spending
Education spending
Parental leave replacement rate
Unemployment replacement rate
Unemployment replacement rate
Sickpay replacement rate
Sickpay replacement rate
Minimum pension replacement rates
Standard pension replacement rates
Government service employment
Government service employment
Redistribution
Poverty
Poverty
Child poverty
Single mother poverty
Single mother poverty
a. Pre 1986
21. -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Social spending
Daycare spending
Health care spending
Education spending
Parental leave replacement rate
Standard pension replacement rates
Government service employment
Government service employment
Poverty
Single mother poverty
b. Post 1985
Social democratic government Christian democratic government
