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Similar to UNC Sustainability Symposium: Jennifer Turner 2082013
UNC Sustainability Symposium: Jennifer Turner 2082013
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- 6. Electrical Energy ProductionChina 中国电力能源生产 Coal Solar Wind Hydro Nuclear 960Gw 1900Gw Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar Coal 2010 2020
- 7. Coal is using20% of China’s water (2010)
- 8. The King isThirsty China’s Demand for Energy is Outpacing its Freshwater Supply
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- 10. Energy Intensive Solutions To Get at Coal
- 11. Queen of Energy 400 GW by 2020
- 12. Energy Moving Westto East
- 13. Shale Gas: NewEnergy Prince? Photo/Keith Schneider
- 14. Not Just Gloomand Doom
- 15. “Virtual Water” Importson the Rise
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- 17. Largest Coal Pitin Asia
- 18. Water-Food-Energy Cycleof Risk
Editor's Notes
- #2 Tomorrow rings in the year of the water snake, so very apropos today’s conference
- #3 CEF at WWC long engaged on water and energy issues in China, but water-energy confrontation work started 2 years ago.
- #4 The Water-Energy story in China is mainly one of coal and let’s start inside a tunnel of the world’s largest water transfer project.
- #5 World’s largest water transfer project moving water from the water rich south to serve the high and dry cities but also to help China get at coal
- #6 North China is where most of coal is and lots of high quality coal fields untapped in NW b/c of lack of water
- #7 Despite transport and water challenges in getting at coal it still makes up 70% of their electricity use and DESPITE all of the energy efficiency, renewable energy, Dams, and Cleaner Coal development/investments, coal remains the largest share of your energy mix.
- #8 This growing coal use is significant b/c 20% of water just going to coal production and use. China uses lots of coal last year equaled GLOBAL coal use. Big statistic that we uncovered in our Choke Point: China interviews with Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese energy researchers was that 20% China’s water is for coal production and consumption. 2020 possibly will rise to 28%.
- #9 So Coal is King and most of it is in the dry north, so the King is thirsty. Because of transport bottle necks for coal, plants to build more coal fired power plants at the mine mouth, but where the water will come from to cool them is a huge question. Coal will be responsible for nearly two-thirds of the increase water consumption by 2020 599 billion cubic meters (2010) 670 billion cubic meters (2020)
- #10 In the short term one solution to getting at the coal in the north is South North Water Transfer Project. This is a shot of the central canal as it starts to go under the Yellow River. Planned western canal would be key at helping China access coal reserves in Xinjiang—will take 20 years Intriguingly many cities find SNWTP water too expensive, demands lots of cleaning, starting to plan on desalination plants
- #11 These kinds of water transfers are very energy intensive, but China excels in big infrastructure.
- #12 Droughts in southern China pose lots of W-E challenges with the Queen of energy in China
- #14 Inspired by US success with shale gas, China moving fast to drill exploratory wells—Sichuan province key area. Lots of concern on land grabs and pollution, unsure if it would be used for electricity 100 test wells in and thousands more planned. Nothing commercial, but lots of talk. Harder to get to and no real environmental regs Shale gas raises many water pollution and landuse questions Farmer who came to yell at Petro-China folks who are fracking in his village. COB happened across this encounter while looking at the well from a public highway.
- #15 The coal-water confrontation is getting trickier in China as the government invests in cleaner coal and new technologies such as CTL and CTC. In late 2010 Coal-to-Liquids NDRC temporarily halted CTL due to concerns over its water intensity. But then in March 2011 MEP gave initial environmental approval in March 2011 for a new CTL plant in partnershihp with S Af company Sasol. Sadol just pulled out, but Shenhua has announced it planned to expand production, including in XJ Ultra Super Critical CFPPs are more energy and water efficient. BUT need much more water to clean the coal for such plants.
- #16 Coal and ag imports on the rise
- #17 Like China but at a much smaller scale, building more water transfers for mining, washing coal and to cool new CFPPs, which are sprouting like bamboo after the rain.
- #18 Near Raipur in Chhattisgarh in east-central India, the second largest coal-producing and largest coal-consuming state. 30+ million metric tons per year one and a half times what Ohio produces. According to the EIA: China consumed 3.9 Billion (with a B) short tons of coal in 2011, while India only consumed 721 million short tons. That’s roughly 5.5 TIMES more coal! India’s carbon levels are on the rise and could be on par with China by 2020 India: Coal makes up 42% of total energy use, but 80% of its electrical portfolio—and lots of that for ag sector and coal use likely to grow, creating more CO2 emissions. China's carbon emissions grew 9.9 percent in 2011 after rising 10.4 percent in 2010 and now comprise 28 percent of all CO2 pollution compared with 16 percent for the United States. India's emissions grew 7.5 percent last year versus 9.4 percent growth in 2010 So electricity sector is rising 35-45 GW each year. In parts of Chhattisgarh every 8 kilometers see a coalfired power plants. Shifting water to cool coalfired powerplants and wash coal. Coal production can’t keep up with the growth in CFPP. Not a coal supply issue or water shortage problem (yet) rather it is a management issue. Environmental agencies are leaning on coal agency, if you want to expand a coal mine you have to go through 14 levels to get approved. Months to complete the process.
- #19 In India the government owns and operates the energy supply and transport infrastructure, and heavily subsidizes energy and farm production. The consequence of free energy, free water, subsidized farm inputs, and guaranteed grain markets is a powerful and politically unbreakable circle of risk. 62 metric tons in surplus rice now. At farms visited in Punjab learned of a massive grain surplus . BUT free water and power prompts 1) overuse and dropping water tables that is 2) addressed by installing more electric pumps to 3) provide more water in a region that is 4) drying up because of rising levels of climate change, which is caused as you all know by 5) coal-fired power plants producing free electricity to farmers to pump more water. That circle encompasses over-production of grain, vast waste of water, spreading soil poisoning, crippling electric brownouts and blackouts, rising coal production and consumption, and steadily increasing levels of carbon emissions that are ruining India’s environment, and are harming India’s economy, which is slowing down. Coal piece. 35-40% of electricity in major food producing states is going just to pump water. Gujarat it is up to 50% of electricity.