Presentation given by Graeme Harrison, Associate Director of Oxford Economics to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (CEE) conference on Working Poverty, 28 May 2014.
Stephens-Huber: Income Inequality and Redistribution: Demographic, Economic, and Political Determinants, presented for TransAtlantic Masters lecture series 2014
Stephens-Huber: Income Inequality and Redistribution: Demographic, Economic, and Political Determinants, presented for TransAtlantic Masters lecture series 2014
Jerome de Henau: Costing a Feminist Plan for a Caring EconomyAnna Elomäki
Jerome de Henaun esitelmä Tasa-arvovajeen ja VATT:n seminaarissa Plan F - Parempaa talouspolitiikkaa 30.11.2016
Jerome de Henau's presentation in the seminar "Plan F - Better Economic Policy by Tasa-arvovaje and VATT
This presentation covers some aspects of topical issues in trade and economic development. Designed for A2 economics students - links to some Financial Times videos with special reference to the work of Hidalgo and Hausmann and their index of economic complexity
Too many governments are looking at stop gap areas to help shore up support. The problem is many stop gap areas are not strong policies.
If you want to fixed income disparity then it is not by one off policies, but many policies.
The roots of our crisis presentation to the thunderbird school of global mana...Prabhu Guptara
Explores globlal trends to identify the roots of the current crisis, as well as to promote some possible solutions which have the potential to carry the day.
BWPI Executive Director David Hulme keynote address, 'Can social protection contribute to growth in sub-Saharan Africa?’, to Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the Knowledge Platform (Development Policies) Scoping Conference on Social Inclusion and Sustainable Growth in Africa, The Hague
Session IV - Policy Considerations in Addressing Malaysian Economic Inequalit...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
A Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Khazanah Research Institute Seminar
Session IV - Cross-National Frameworks and the Management of National Inequality
18 January 2018
CLES presentation on Civil Economy from VSNW 2013 Conference. The presentation includes case-studies from around the world showing how the local social sector has played a part in creating "good growth".
Session I - Framing the Conversation on Inequality and Development Choices by...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
A Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Khazanah Research Institute Seminar
Session I - Global Poverty and Inequality: A View from the Global Consumption and Income Project
18 January 2018
Jerome de Henau: Costing a Feminist Plan for a Caring EconomyAnna Elomäki
Jerome de Henaun esitelmä Tasa-arvovajeen ja VATT:n seminaarissa Plan F - Parempaa talouspolitiikkaa 30.11.2016
Jerome de Henau's presentation in the seminar "Plan F - Better Economic Policy by Tasa-arvovaje and VATT
This presentation covers some aspects of topical issues in trade and economic development. Designed for A2 economics students - links to some Financial Times videos with special reference to the work of Hidalgo and Hausmann and their index of economic complexity
Too many governments are looking at stop gap areas to help shore up support. The problem is many stop gap areas are not strong policies.
If you want to fixed income disparity then it is not by one off policies, but many policies.
The roots of our crisis presentation to the thunderbird school of global mana...Prabhu Guptara
Explores globlal trends to identify the roots of the current crisis, as well as to promote some possible solutions which have the potential to carry the day.
BWPI Executive Director David Hulme keynote address, 'Can social protection contribute to growth in sub-Saharan Africa?’, to Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the Knowledge Platform (Development Policies) Scoping Conference on Social Inclusion and Sustainable Growth in Africa, The Hague
Session IV - Policy Considerations in Addressing Malaysian Economic Inequalit...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
A Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Khazanah Research Institute Seminar
Session IV - Cross-National Frameworks and the Management of National Inequality
18 January 2018
CLES presentation on Civil Economy from VSNW 2013 Conference. The presentation includes case-studies from around the world showing how the local social sector has played a part in creating "good growth".
Session I - Framing the Conversation on Inequality and Development Choices by...KhazanahResearchInstitute
Malaysian Income Distribution in a Global Context
A Khazanah Nasional Berhad and Khazanah Research Institute Seminar
Session I - Global Poverty and Inequality: A View from the Global Consumption and Income Project
18 January 2018
Useful information about extreme poverty in Bangladesh and interesting lessons and insights about how to address it. For example: “Three principles for engaging with extreme poor (a blended approach): ensure sufficient present security to enable people to start planning in the future through direct support for sustainable subsistence; combine present survival with future provision for children; and support safety nets, insurance and social protection to cope with vulnerability, uncertainties, hazards and shocks”. For inclusive market facilitators the question then becomes: how can we use market systems to realise those principles? Many thanks to the authors, Joe Devine and Geof Wood, who gave their authorisation to share their work here. Useful information about extreme poverty in Bangladesh and interesting lessons and insights about how to address it. For example: “Three principles for engaging with extreme poor (a blended approach): ensure sufficient present security to enable people to start planning in the future through direct support for sustainable subsistence; combine present survival with future provision for children; and support safety nets, insurance and social protection to cope with vulnerability, uncertainties, hazards and shocks”. For inclusive market facilitators the question then becomes: how can we use market systems to fulfil those principles? Many thanks to the authors, Joe Devine and Geof Wood, who gave their authorisation to share their work here.
A Taxation and Benefits System to End Child Poverty - John DickieOxfam GB
John Dickie, head of the Child Poverty Action Group Scotland, talks about how a different taxation and benefits system can help end child poverty.
The Whose Economy? seminars, organised by Oxfam Scotland and the University of the West of Scotland, brought together experts to look at recent changes in the Scottish economy and their impact on Scotland's most vulnerable communities.
Held over winter and spring 2010-11 in Edinburgh, Inverness, Glasgow and Stirling, the series posed the question of what economy is being created in Scotland and, specifically, for whom?
To find out more and view other Whose Economy? papers, presentations and videos visit:
http://www.oxfamblogs.org/ukpovertypost/whose-economy-seminar-series-winter-2010-spring-2011/
Low Income Londoners and Welfare Reform: a data-led investigation into the ca...Policy in Practice
Policy in Practice has embarked on an ambitious project to track changing living standards for almost one million Londoners over the course of two years, on a monthly basis.
This work combines data from 14 London boroughs to track changes across 444,000 low income households made up of 550,000 adults and 350,000 children, representing 27% of the overall population living in the participating boroughs.
Deven Ghelani shared findings from Phase One of the project at IntoWork 2017.
Collaborating on data sharing allows us to:
• Combine data across London in order to benchmark changes, offering a large enough sample to understand niche areas such as self-employment or temporary housing.
• Track households to understand the causal drivers of poverty and prosperity on a systematic basis.
Policy in Practice works with local authorities to show the cumulative impact of tax and benefit changes on individual households, both now and in the future. This project builds on this with a longitudinal data model, simulation engine and visualisation platform to make this information accessible to policymakers and offer a deeper understanding of poverty.
We look forward to welcoming even more local authorities to the project as we progress to Phase two.
To find out more, and to request the full report, please email hello@policyinpractice.co.uk. We look forward to hearing from you.
Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
Presentation drawn from my book, We Are Better Than This: How Government Should Spend Our Money, on how better fiscal policy can respond to surging top-end inequality, stagnant middle class incomes, and economic growth.
WIDER Annual Lecture 20 – Martin RavallionUNU-WIDER
Martin Ravallion’s WIDER Annual Lecture focused on the economic and political issues surrounding the use of direct interventions, such as cash transfers and in kind contributions, against poverty. He highlighted two key lessons that are important for policymakers to keep in mind when designing interventions. First, there is too much focus on how policies are targeted, and not enough attention on how effectively policies promote and protect. Second, policymakers should consider how to improve the protection-promotion tradeoff, and look for ways to design policies that allow markets to work better from the perspective of poor people.
Presentation by Michał Myck at Development Day 2018 – Gender Equality and Economic Development: From Research to Action. This year conference was focused on existing constraints and also highlighted initiatives that could help to create an equal society.
More about the conference and research in transition economics can be found on SITE’s website: https://www.hhs.se/site
Presentation given by Esmond Birnie (Chief Economist at PwC, Northern Ireland and Scotland) at the launch of NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment report 'Universal Childcare in Northern Ireland: a cost-benefit analysis'.
A report commissioned from PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) by the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment and published 1 December 2015.
The report employs a cost-benefit analysis to determine the economic benefits and costs of applying international systems of highly-subsidised childcare (Quebec, Denmark and Netherlands).
Appendices to the report are available at http://www.nicva.org/resource/universal-childcare-northern-ireland-cost-benefit-analysis
Presentation by Stephen Kelly of Manufacturing NI to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment Masterclass on Energy Markets in Northern Ireland (17 October 2014)
This presentation covers the cost of energy and its impact on Northern Ireland business, especially large manufactures, and the importance of this to the economy. The difference between the cost of generation and the price paid, where the policy priorities lie, how manufacturers are coping with high costs and what the response should be.
Presentation by Paul Wallace of National Energy Action NI to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment Masterclass on Energy Markets in Northern Ireland (17 October 2014). The presentation address the factors and implications of fuel poverty, what can be done to mitigate it, and the importance of energy efficiency.
Presentation given by Richard Williams, Head of Energy Policy at the Consumer Council NI, to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment Masterclass on Energy Markets in Northern Ireland. This presentation covered the level and drivers of NI energy prices, how well the local markets function for consumers, the role of competition and the Utility Regulator in ensuring supply and price control.
A presentation given by David Fry from the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Northern Ireland to a public consultation event on zero-hours contracts, hosted by the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment on 19 September 2014.
A presentation given by Ian Brinkley from the Work Foundation to the public consultation event on zero-hours contracts, hosted by the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment on 19 September 2014.
This report, the eighth published by NICVA’s Centre for Economic Empowerment, estimates the economic impact of raising the pay of all workers in Northern Ireland to the level of the Living Wage. The authors conclude that the Living Wage could be adopted without net economic detriment, and may even result in a net economic gain.
The Living Wage is a key indicator of low pay. It is the hourly rate that would provide a full-time worker with a basic, but acceptable, standard of living. In Northern Ireland the Living Wage is currently £7.65; approximately one quarter of employees earn less than this benchmark.
One of the most troubling aspects of the long boom which preceded the 2008 crash was how low pay became more prevalent at the same time as profits flourished and wages soared at the top end of the labour market. This not only jarred with many people’s sense of fairness and undermined bonds of social solidarity; it also contributed to rising economic inequality, a major cause of the recession and a source of various social and economic problems. Eradicating low pay is therefore a key element of creating a good economy.
While the ethical case for paying employees the Living Wage resonates widely, there is less agreement on the economic consequences. Higher labour costs could result in reduced profits and investment, as well as job losses and inflation. Others claim that raising wage levels would improve workers’ productivity, boost consumer spending, and therefore employment. In this context the economic implications merit careful consideration.
Given this positive appraisal it is interesting to note that many campaigners do not advocate raising the statutory Minimum Wage to the level of the Living Wage. Rather, they target specific employers who they believe can afford to pay their low-wage workers more. The findings of this report suggest that it is perhaps time for the Living Wage campaign to become more ambitious. At the very least, ensuring that every worker receives a decent wage should be adopted as a long-term goal.
For more information on the report please visit http://www.nicva.org/resource/economic-analysis-living-wage-northern-ireland
An infographic highlighting the key points from the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment's report 'An Economic Analysis of the Living Wage in Northern Ireland'. For more information on the report please visit http://www.nicva.org/resource/economic-analysis-living-wage-northern-ireland
Presentation by Ian Mulheirn from Oxford Economics NI at the launch of the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment report 'An Economic Analysis of the Living Wage in Northern Ireland' on 9 September 2014. For more information on the report, please visit http://www.nicva.org/resource/economic-analysis-living-wage-northern-ireland
In 2008 Northern Ireland experienced a severe property crash. The extreme rise in house prices which preceded the crash was, at the time, broadly welcomed as a sign of growing prosperity. But it is now clear that while some vested interests benefited, the property bubble caused significant social and economic damage.
The prospect of speculative gains diverted investment away from productive outlets and into inflating property prices. Soaring house prices led households to take on onerous mortgages, debts which will long stifle spending and investment. And when the bubble burst, construction collapsed, meaning many people faced unemployment.
Avoiding a re-emergence of a real estate bubble should be an economic priority for government. This report, the seventh in our research series, proposes a solution. It explains how a Land Value Tax could operate in Northern Ireland to prevent speculation on land - a major cause of real estate bubbles. Significantly, because it involves reforming the rates system, this is a solution within the power of Northern Ireland’s Assembly and District Councils.
House prices in Northern Ireland are on the rise again. As before, this has been widely welcomed as an indication of economic progress. It is important to ensure that any price rises are a sustainable result of real economic growth, rather than speculation. In this context, this report is crucial reading.
For more information, visit: http://www.nicva.org/news/tax-land-not-houses
A presentation given by Ross Brown (Green Party Councillor and associate of Bryson Energy) on how Energy Brokering (community oil buying clubs) works and the benefits that it brings to its members.
A presentation given by Sinead Quinn from Volunteer Now's Timebanking project to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment Masterclass on 13 June 2014. The presentations covers how timebanking works and the benefits it can bring to participants and to the wider community as an alternative form of currency.
A presentation given by Leander Bindewald from the New Economics Foundation (nef) to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment Masterclass on Community Currencies and Trading Schemes. This presentation looks at where money comes from - it's creation as debt created by commercial banks, to how it can be transformed and diversified to better serve community needs and bring economic benefits to localities.
A presentation given by Micheál Collins from the Nevin Economic Research Institute (NERI) to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (CEE) Basic Income Masterclass on 16 May 2014. See http://www.nicva.org/news/basic-income-masterclass for more.
A presentation given by Maureen O'Reilly to the NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (CEE) Basic Income Masterclass on 16 May 2014. See http://www.nicva.org/news/basic-income-masterclass for more.
More from NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment (17)
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the what'sapp contact of my personal vendor.
+12349014282
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
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Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
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5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
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Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
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On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity.Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Economic Solutions to In-Work Poverty - Graeme Harrison (Oxford Economics)
1. Economic Solutions to In-Work Poverty
Graeme Harrison
Associate Director
Oxford Economics
gharrison@oxfordeconomics.com
Belfast, 28th May 2014
NICVA Centre for Economic Empowerment
Working Poverty Economic Conference
2. Outline
• Background
• Economic and social policy
• Why does in-work poverty exist?
• Challenges for NI addressing in-work poverty
• Solution aims
• Solution options
• Forward-planning, target-setting and economic realism
• Useful research areas
3. Background
• Nature of UK and NI poverty has been transforming
• Long-term trend has been falling out-of-work poverty and rising in-work poverty
• Working households now make up the majority of those in poverty in UK, more than
non-working households; two-thirds of children in poverty are from households where at
least one adult works
• NI share of working age adults in absolute poverty at its highest
• There has been much greater success in reducing poverty for non-working household
like pensioners and lone parents – have working households been neglected?
• Implication: Getting into work is not a sustainable route out of poverty
• Median household income, poverty rates and labour market indicators have worsened
more in NI compared to GB … but NI was living in an economic bubble pre-recession
4. Background: NI poverty trends
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Working age adults
Pensioners
NI: Relative income poverty (AHC)
Source:FRS
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
000s
Working age adults
Pensioners
NI: Absolute income poverty (AHC)
Source:FRS
5. Background: NI poverty characteristics
Composition
Composition
(000s)
%
Economic status of adults in the family
One or more full-time self-employed 16% 64 26%
Single/couple, all in full-time w ork 6% 24 5%
Couple, one full-time, one part-time w ork 5% 18 9%
Couple, one full-time w ork, one not w orking 9% 37 22%
No full-time, one or more part-time w ork 13% 55 36%
Workless, one or more aged 60 or over 11% 46 17%
Workless, one or more unemployed 13% 53 -
Workless, other inactive 27% 110 53%
Total 100% 406 23%
Working 49% 198
Workless 51% 208
Source: FRS
Note: Below 60% median income AHC
NI: Low income households (2011/12)
6. Economic and social policy
• Social and economic policy are traditionally not joined up, for example a lack of
connection between national economic and poverty strategies and government
departments responsible
• The assumptions that poverty will be solved by trickle down economic growth (the
orthodox economist view), and higher income is the sustainable solution to long-term
poverty (the social view), are flawed
• Often a lack of consideration of how social policies can deliver economic objectives, e.g.
the link between labour market programmes or progressive taxation and growth
• Equally social policy is sometimes designed in a vacuum and is not grounded in
business and economic realities
• Together this leads to neither economic or social targets being met
Why social policy should matter to economists?
• Benefits of economic growth do not automatically reach all
• To maintain citizen support for governments
• Highly unequal societies are associated with lower rates of growth and can lead to social
tensions
7. Economic and social policy
What is economic policy?
• GDP
• Exports
• Exchange rates
• Productivity
• Innovation
• FDI
• Competitiveness
• Business environment
• Macroeconomic management
• Fiscal policy
What is social policy?
• State intervention that directly affects
social welfare, social institutions and
social relations/cohesion
• Social security, health, housing, social
care
• Redistribution of income and wealth,
equality of opportunity, participation,
voice
• Aim to maximise people’s chances of a
good life – but what is a good life?
• Social policy can also produce new social
institutions, behaviours or norms
• Much more than a limited set of safety
nets and services to cover market failure
8. Economic and social policy: Grey areas
• Taxation and subsidies
• Public expenditure
• Labour market policy (e.g.
minimum wage, labour mobility)
• Skills
• Credit market policy
• Pensions
• Regulation
• Migration
Economic
policy
Social policy
9. Economic and social policy: Need for more alignment
• Social policy should complement and work in tandem with economic policy
• Social policy analysts tend to define social policy in relation to, often in opposition to,
economic policy
• Those who analyse/develop “economic policy” tend to be economists; those who
analyse “social policy” are by and large not economists
• Thinking about objectives and targets - is economic growth a sensible final objective of
national strategy, or better as an intermediate objective?
• There is a lack of clarity about the hierarchy of and linkages between objectives, and a
lack of distinction between intermediate and final objectives, or rather, too easy an
identification of intermediate objectives with final ones on the basis of an implicit
mechanism linking the two
• Possible joint objectives - “sustained and sustainable growth in per capita income,
accompanied by diversification of production, reduction of absolute poverty, and
expanding economic opportunities for all citizens”
10. Why does in-work poverty exist?
• Note: Work measured at household level
• Low pay and ever lower take-home pay after tax and benefits withdrawn
• Minimum wage below living wage?
• Low working hours / proliferation of part-time, insecure work – many people want to work
more
• Lack of progression opportunities
• Too few dual working households
• High cost and low availability of childcare – limits jobs some mothers can take
• Lack of aspiration
• Lack of labour mobility
11. Challenges for NI addressing in-work poverty
• Long list of legacy and recession-related changes
• Economy faces a number of transitional drivers, many of which are negative and
creating new transitional challenges
• Multiple new vulnerable groups
• Current economic data is positive
• But risk of the recovery running out of steam
• Long-term jobs outlook is sluggish, downward pressure on wages
• NI faces the twin challenges of creating lots of jobs and lots of well-paid jobs
12. Challenges for NI addressing in-work poverty
Historic structural and recession legacy challenges
Historic
High share of working age are economically inactive and have no or low qualifications (low labour mobility)
High share of households are workless
High share of economically inactive do not want to work and are dependent on benefits as their main income source
High cost of childcare
Cycle of worklessness and poverty across generations within families and areas; poverty of aspiration
High share of young classified as NEETs
Low average pay means many working households live in poverty and earn below the living wage; financial returns from
employment are often too low to entice claimants off benefits; in other words creating employment is not a guaranteed
exit from poverty
There has been growth in the number of households more at risk of being in poverty such as lone parent and single
person households
High rate of fuel poverty
Long-standing prevalence of economically lagging areas and regional imbalances
Numerous economic challenges including over-dependence on the block grant, limited private sector export base (NI has
been a net loser from globalisation) and competitive weaknesses
Recession legacy
Significant job loss and rise in unemployment, especially amongst the youth, despite the cushioning effect of NI’s large
public sector
Squeezed household incomes from downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the cost of living
Upward correction in household saving to reverse past trends and repay debt
Negative housing market equity, restricting labour mobility
Constrained access to and higher cost of borrowing for households and business
Further falling behind in competitiveness as other countries implement more wide-ranging economic reforms such as
ROI
15. Solution aims
• Note: Working poor and non-working poor are same people at different times
• Increase pay, including take-home pay – but should be linked to productivity
• Increase working hours for those who want to work longer
• Increase feasibility of more dual working families
• Increase labour mobility
• Increase aspirations for working, pay and progression
16. Solution options
Policy
• Minimum wage – look at Switzerland’s
recent referendum
• Downsides – price out low skilled from labour
market, increase unemployment, cost may be
passed on to consumer prices, unaffordable for
small firms
• But is the welfare system subsidising low wages
anyway?
• Working tax credits
• Personal income tax – devolve powers to
NI?
• Income top ups
• Labour mobility
• Skills – increase employability, boost
productivity
• Child care, including more publicly
funded free child care
Institutional
• A poverty strategy
• A poverty agency like ROI
• More joined up and coordinated
economic and social policy
• Economic strategy – create different
types of jobs?
• Business involvement – what can
businesses do to be part of the solution?
• Political commitment and responsibility
• Rebalancing of supply from out-of-work
poverty towards in-work poverty
17. Forward-planning, target-setting and economic realism
• Often strategies are piecemeal and lack the ambition and detailed quantified targets to
solve the challenge – they tend to have top-down targets with no bottom-up road map
• There is a need to work back from an ambitious, forward-looking target for in-work
poverty
• How many jobs need to be created, balance between FT and PT, what pay level, in what location etc
• What changes to tax credit, personal income tax, benefits etc need to be introduced
• And quantify the implications for government
• Fiscal implications
• Skills implications
• Child care implications
• Transport implications
• Then consider how realistic the options are – too costly, lack of demand for economic
growth sectors, skills mismatch, wage levels unrealistic etc – and reassess ambitions
• Simulate different scenarios
18. Useful research areas
• Identify countries, ideally broadly comparable to NI, which have significantly and
sustainably reduced in-work poverty (or reversed rising trends)
• Why was in-work poverty reduced in these countries? What were the driver economic
and social policies? What were the sources and nature of economic growth?
• Understand better the sources and drivers of in-work poverty in NI: low pay versus low
working hours; which sectors and occupations
• Consult with business and public sector employers on possible solutions: what is
realistic and affordable, where does policy need to change
• Modelling and simulation of different scenarios to observe the impact on in-work poverty
– feed findings into strategy