This study assessed job satisfaction among 97 pharmacy professionals in Southwest Ethiopia. Over half (60.8%) reported being satisfied with their job due to helping patients and professional gratification. However, more than one third (39.2%) were dissatisfied mainly due to inadequate salary, poor interaction with healthcare teams, lack of motivation and training, and poor infrastructure. The study aimed to evaluate job satisfaction and factors influencing it among pharmacy workers in the region, which is important for improving healthcare quality and outcomes. A survey was administered from June to July 2011 across multiple towns.
In the existence of mankind, a phrase has all the time
occupied the mind of most, if not all, of everyone, that of
attaining satisfaction out of what is being done, especially,
from the means of livelihood, termed as job satisfaction. Job
satisfaction is being described as the regard to one's feelings
or state-of-mind about the nature of everyone’s work. It is a
very important contributing factor for a person’s productivity
and motivation.
Quality and Cost of Accreditation's In Healthcare by Mahboob ali khan ,MHA,CPHQ Healthcare consultant
Accreditations and quality assurance systems have also been observed to reduce the average cost of hospitalization. This clearly indicates that accreditations and quality assurance systems help hospitals to streamline their functions and processes, minimize wastage and thereby aid in enhancing quality and reducing cost of care.
Administrative Employees' Perception at Directorate of Health Affairs, Minist...iosrjce
Background: Many studies globally had studied employees' perception and its impact on job productivity.
Employees' perception is very crucial in evaluating performance improvement. The researchers in this study
tries to figure out factors that affect employees' performance and find out some solutions for existing problems.
Methods: This Study was conducted in Directorate of Health Affairs in Riyadh Region, KSA. A Simple random
sample was used to distribute 245 questionnaires. Questionnaire consisted of two parts, the study's statements
was measured using used five points Likart scale. The study was conducted from 15th Sep 2014 until 15th Nov
2014.
Results: The analysis of the data indicated that there was an overall satisfaction among employees with a
percentage of (62%). Financial factors were the most unsatisfactory aspects among employees followed by
training opportunities.
Conclusion: This study showed that there should be a full consideration to duties distribution and financial
incentives in addition to developmental initiatives in order to have very devoted employees.
In the existence of mankind, a phrase has all the time
occupied the mind of most, if not all, of everyone, that of
attaining satisfaction out of what is being done, especially,
from the means of livelihood, termed as job satisfaction. Job
satisfaction is being described as the regard to one's feelings
or state-of-mind about the nature of everyone’s work. It is a
very important contributing factor for a person’s productivity
and motivation.
Quality and Cost of Accreditation's In Healthcare by Mahboob ali khan ,MHA,CPHQ Healthcare consultant
Accreditations and quality assurance systems have also been observed to reduce the average cost of hospitalization. This clearly indicates that accreditations and quality assurance systems help hospitals to streamline their functions and processes, minimize wastage and thereby aid in enhancing quality and reducing cost of care.
Administrative Employees' Perception at Directorate of Health Affairs, Minist...iosrjce
Background: Many studies globally had studied employees' perception and its impact on job productivity.
Employees' perception is very crucial in evaluating performance improvement. The researchers in this study
tries to figure out factors that affect employees' performance and find out some solutions for existing problems.
Methods: This Study was conducted in Directorate of Health Affairs in Riyadh Region, KSA. A Simple random
sample was used to distribute 245 questionnaires. Questionnaire consisted of two parts, the study's statements
was measured using used five points Likart scale. The study was conducted from 15th Sep 2014 until 15th Nov
2014.
Results: The analysis of the data indicated that there was an overall satisfaction among employees with a
percentage of (62%). Financial factors were the most unsatisfactory aspects among employees followed by
training opportunities.
Conclusion: This study showed that there should be a full consideration to duties distribution and financial
incentives in addition to developmental initiatives in order to have very devoted employees.
Has Accreditation made a difference in Healthcare Delivery in India by Dr.Mah...Healthcare consultant
There is consistent evidence that shows that accreditation programs improve the process of care provided by healthcare services. There is considerable evidence to show that accreditation programs improve clinical outcomes of a wide spectrum of clinical conditions. Accreditation programs should be supported as a tool to improve the quality of healthcare services.
Analysis of Employee Retention Strategies on Organizational Performance of Ho...inventionjournals
Globally, the retention of skilled medical staff in health care sector has been a serious concern to management due to higher turnover of medics. The desired critical measures for retention strategies of medics need to be done to sustain competition among health care providers. The purpose of this study was to analyse of employee retention strategies on organizational performance of hospitals in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following objectives; to analyse the relationship between recruitment strategies and organizational performance, to examine the extent to which supervision strategies affects organization performance,. The study employed descriptive correlational research design. Target populations of 102 respondents, the study had a sample size of 102 respondents all drawn from senior staff in the County’s ministry of health department. Sampling procedure will be census. Semi-structured Questionnaire will be used, Likert five point scale questionnaire will be used, factoring Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used to measure the relationship between variables. Data was presented in cumulative frequency tables. The finding the study were The relationship between recruitment strategies and organization performance of public hospitals in Mombasa County was found to be positive and significant in that its R was 0.485 and had a p-value less than 0.05 (ε= 0.006). The regression results revealed that supervision strategies effect on performance was statistically significant (overall p-value = 0.036).The study concluded that all the employee retention strategies need to be improved because they have been found to have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the management of public hospitals in Mombasa County should improve on employee retention strategies because they have been found by this study to have a positive effect on the organizational performance
Rising Importance of Health Economics & Outcomes ResearchCitiusTech
Health Economics & Outcomes Research (HE&OR) guides stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding patient access to drugs and services. This document highlights specific use cases for healthcare information technology that add value to HE&OR.
The job satisfaction of physicians is an important factor that influences their motivation for work and the quality of the provided health services. The aim of the study is to evaluate the job satisfaction of General Practitioners in Bulgaria and to explore some of the factors which influence this satisfaction.
Health sector is considered as one of the most important sectors in any economy because the
wellness of a country depends on the wellness of its citizens. This can be only achieved when there is an efficient
and effective health system in the country. Despite many government interventions to ensure that services are
not interrupted in public hospitals in Kenya, there are still many challenges as pertains to efficient stock
management leading to frequent stock outs
Strategic Management Paper: Hospital Industry ----
Definition of the industry and its dominant economic features, Industry’s Dominant Economic Features (Market Size and Growth Rate, Number of Rivals, Scope of Competitive Rivalry, Degree of Product Differentiation, Service Innovation, Pace of Technological Change), Major Players, Industry analysis using five forces model, Driving forces, Strategic group map, Competitor analysis, Possible strategic moves of competitors, Key Success factors, Conclusion of industry analysis.
Trends shaping corporate health in the workplaceApollo Hospitals
The paradigm for corporate health is morphing from traditional curative services to health protection and promotion. An epidemic of “lifestyle diseases” has developed in the India which warrants an organized integration of company's health, safety and environment policy through a directed wellness program. The current study explored the burden and determinants of lifestyle diseases among an organization.
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
Has Accreditation made a difference in Healthcare Delivery in India by Dr.Mah...Healthcare consultant
There is consistent evidence that shows that accreditation programs improve the process of care provided by healthcare services. There is considerable evidence to show that accreditation programs improve clinical outcomes of a wide spectrum of clinical conditions. Accreditation programs should be supported as a tool to improve the quality of healthcare services.
Analysis of Employee Retention Strategies on Organizational Performance of Ho...inventionjournals
Globally, the retention of skilled medical staff in health care sector has been a serious concern to management due to higher turnover of medics. The desired critical measures for retention strategies of medics need to be done to sustain competition among health care providers. The purpose of this study was to analyse of employee retention strategies on organizational performance of hospitals in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following objectives; to analyse the relationship between recruitment strategies and organizational performance, to examine the extent to which supervision strategies affects organization performance,. The study employed descriptive correlational research design. Target populations of 102 respondents, the study had a sample size of 102 respondents all drawn from senior staff in the County’s ministry of health department. Sampling procedure will be census. Semi-structured Questionnaire will be used, Likert five point scale questionnaire will be used, factoring Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used to measure the relationship between variables. Data was presented in cumulative frequency tables. The finding the study were The relationship between recruitment strategies and organization performance of public hospitals in Mombasa County was found to be positive and significant in that its R was 0.485 and had a p-value less than 0.05 (ε= 0.006). The regression results revealed that supervision strategies effect on performance was statistically significant (overall p-value = 0.036).The study concluded that all the employee retention strategies need to be improved because they have been found to have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommended that the management of public hospitals in Mombasa County should improve on employee retention strategies because they have been found by this study to have a positive effect on the organizational performance
Rising Importance of Health Economics & Outcomes ResearchCitiusTech
Health Economics & Outcomes Research (HE&OR) guides stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding patient access to drugs and services. This document highlights specific use cases for healthcare information technology that add value to HE&OR.
The job satisfaction of physicians is an important factor that influences their motivation for work and the quality of the provided health services. The aim of the study is to evaluate the job satisfaction of General Practitioners in Bulgaria and to explore some of the factors which influence this satisfaction.
Health sector is considered as one of the most important sectors in any economy because the
wellness of a country depends on the wellness of its citizens. This can be only achieved when there is an efficient
and effective health system in the country. Despite many government interventions to ensure that services are
not interrupted in public hospitals in Kenya, there are still many challenges as pertains to efficient stock
management leading to frequent stock outs
Strategic Management Paper: Hospital Industry ----
Definition of the industry and its dominant economic features, Industry’s Dominant Economic Features (Market Size and Growth Rate, Number of Rivals, Scope of Competitive Rivalry, Degree of Product Differentiation, Service Innovation, Pace of Technological Change), Major Players, Industry analysis using five forces model, Driving forces, Strategic group map, Competitor analysis, Possible strategic moves of competitors, Key Success factors, Conclusion of industry analysis.
Trends shaping corporate health in the workplaceApollo Hospitals
The paradigm for corporate health is morphing from traditional curative services to health protection and promotion. An epidemic of “lifestyle diseases” has developed in the India which warrants an organized integration of company's health, safety and environment policy through a directed wellness program. The current study explored the burden and determinants of lifestyle diseases among an organization.
Ethiopia: Governing for Quality Improvement in the Context of UHCHFG Project
The government of Ethiopia launched the Health Sector Development Program (HSDP) in the 1990s. During the 2010 reform of the health sector, the Drug Administration and Control Agency was re-established to focus on regulating drugs and food, and expanded their scope by including the regulation of health facilities and personnel. They changed their name to the Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, and developed a list of minimum health facility requirements, regulating both public and private health facilities.
AIDSTAR-One Assessment of Infection Prevention and Patient Safety Commodities...AIDSTAROne
In Ethiopia, ensuring a sufficient and sustainable supply of infection prevention and patient safety (IPPS) commodities is an important strategy to combat the high risk of transmission of health care–associated infections. However, there is a lack of awareness on the proper utilization of IPPS commodities by health care workers, and a lack of accurate data on the quantity of essential IPPS commodities needed by the health care system to adequately protect workers, patients, and the community from health care-associated infections. This assessment used a consultative approach to develop a national standardized and prioritized list of IPPS commodities for all levels of health care facilities, and quantified the annual need of IPPS commodities for the four levels of health care facilities in Ethiopia. This report summarizes the findings of the assessment.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/reports/ethiopia_ipps
A dissertation report on analysis of patient satisfaction max polyclinic by ...Mohammed Yaser Hussain
Hospitals are increasingly becoming sensitive to the needs of the patients as will the community. It is no longer the sellers [providers] market. Except for the totally free service provided by the Government run hospitals and a few hospitals run by the civic hospitals.
According to Dona Bedian
“Patient satisfaction may be considered to be one of the desired outcomes of care, even on element of health status itself” and that “information about patient satisfaction should be as indispensable to assessment of quality as to the design and management of health care system.
During the recent years the use of patient satisfaction surveys has increased in health care industry due in part to the belief that perception of quality is an important factor in demand for services and that survey result may have significant effect on provider behaviour. According to Ware “patient satisfaction is a determinant of a healthcare provider or system. Use of services complaints and malpractice suits”.
Use of patient satisfaction survey as a tool for quality improvement has become extensive in almost all western countries. Most hospital have a system of obtaining routine feedback from all the discharge patients. The quality improvement task force of the joint commission of accreditation of the health care organization in USA is also encouraging hospitals to mandate surveys are conducted in private hospitals.
Artificial Insemination and Veterinary Services in Ethiopia: Ada’a CaseILRI
Presentation by Alemayehu Lemma (Addis Ababa University) to the Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Abstract— If job satisfaction is there in employees, work done by these employees is usually of better quality in comparison where the employees are not satisfied with their jobe. So this study to assess job satisfaction and influence of demographic variables on job satisfaction, this study was carried out on 105 doctors of teaching hospitals. Questionnaire method of data collection was adopted. Job satisfaction was measured by six domains: Organizational functioning, Interpersonal relationship, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, Physical facilities and Working conditions. Study observed that over all, doctors were moderately satisfied with their job. Domains such as Interpersonal relationship and Working conditions, doctors were highly satisfied, whereas rest of the domains: Organizational functioning, Financial incentives, Non-financial incentives, and Physical facilities doctors were moderately satisfied. It is important to note that even though overall satisfaction is moderate, there were few components, where doctors were highly satisfied were - Communication system between patients and doctors, Involvement in decision making in the department, Rules and regulations of the institution, relationship between the department colleagues and other department colleagues, Provision for leave encashment, reward given for research work, workload of clinical aspect and workload of teaching aspect. Age and sex both shown significant association on level of satisfaction where as experience, designation and marital status of the doctors have not shown significant association.
In May and August 2014, academic researchers surveyed 270 Environmental Service (ES) and Food Service (FS) workers at two U.S. hospitals in Sodexo’s Healthcare Division. The goal of this study was to gather information about workers’ perceived job quality for use in designing a future study aimed at reducing turnover, absenteeism, and work-related injuries at both sites.
For Sodexo, this study provides an opportunity to improve the Quality of Life of these workers, as well as the Quality of Life of the patients they serve. In turn, hospitals can benefit from greater efficiency, reduced costs, improved safety and increased performance.
Client satisfaction is a multidimensional construct that reflects the quality of service provided by healthcare providers. The objective of this study was to develop a client satisfaction scale that could be used to assess the quality of pharmacy services provided in Boru media hospital community and hospital pharmacy in respect of client perception of specific aspects of service performance.
The Nursing Care Journal invites all aspects related to the Nursing and Health Care Journal.
This is rapid peer review process which accepts high quality manuscripts.
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996). For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000). Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013). The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019). The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
Patients' satisfaction towards doctors treatmentmustafa farooqi
The mood of the care recipient to see if the impression (expectations) of service are met by the patient may be defined as patient satisfaction. The current perspective on service efficiency tends to be that patient treatment meets public standards and requirements in terms of interpersonal support as well as professional assistance. (Hardy et al. 1996).
For various reasons, customer satisfactions in the healthcare industry have been investigated. First it was important to decide on the extent and the degree to which patient care seekers, the meeting of drugs criteria and the continuous use of these services have effect, satisfaction as a quality of service metric, as well as allowing doctors and health services to better appreciate and use the input of the patient. (Ong et al. 2000).
Consumer satisfaction with healthcare services is a multi-panel term that refers to the core facets of treatment and suppliers, while PS medical services with the quality enhancement systems from the patient context, full control of quality and the intended outcomes of services are considered to be of primary importance (Janicijevic et al. 2013).
The Pakistani health system is being changed somewhat and there are wonderful scope for applying standard of services to health care. Patients in Pakistan now have access to increased quality health care. Obviously, the staff and staff are the most important winners of a successful health care environment of every community sector framework (Bakari et al. 2019).
The medical clinic of today's study is the product of a long and complicated war of civilization to quantify produce and study and to give thought to the thoughtful (Fullman et al. 2017).
Patients' Perceptions of Community Pharmacy Practice in UAE: An Overviewiosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Freudenberger and subsequently developed by Maslach and colleagues, chronic stress associated with emotionally intense work demands for which resources are inadequate can result in burnout. Burnout is a work-related syndrome involving emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a sense of reduced personal accomplishment.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERVICE HEALTH QUALITY AND PATIENT SATISFACTION – A CASE ...IAEME Publication
Satisfaction is a comparison between the perceptions of services received with expectations, while the quality of health services is act or services provided by one party to another in form of care or provision of health facilities. Health resources are one contributing factor in provision of qualified health care, which is expected to improve public health. Aspects of provided services quality will affect patient satisfaction. If their expectations are met, it means that service has provided good quality and will also lead to high satisfaction. This study aims to determine the relationship of health services quality and satisfaction level in people of North Mamuju. Analytic observational research with cross-sectional study design, population of the entire community of North Mamuju regency and research subjects were aged >18 years. The results showed significant value in registration 0.010 and physicians 0.007, implying registration and physicians have significant effect on customer satisfaction. The conclusions of this study indicate that the registration, doctors, nurses, pharmaceutical, environmental and hospital / clinic variables collectively have positive effect on customer satisfaction
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
Understanding the Satisfaction, Perceptions, and Expectations of Clients of P...HFG Project
Taking quality health care to the farthest corners of the country is at the heart of the Government of India’s public health policy and programming. The National Health Mission’s reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCH+A) strategic approach underscores the need to ensure quality health care. A key thrust of the government’s reform focus has, thus, been on plugging service delivery gaps through improved, evidence-based decision making. The USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project supported the country’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to yield preliminary insights into the level of patient satisfaction and utilization of public health services.
A SURVEY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO NURSING ...IAEME Publication
The present study consists of following to analyse the impact of Institutional profile and care information provided to them on quality management. The research design is descriptive in nature. Primary data is collected with the help of structured questionnaire. The validity of research is based only on the data collected for the study. The present research is based on primary as well as secondary data. Simple random sampling method was used in selecting the respondents. The sample size is chosen for data collection of 150 respondents in quality management with reference to nursing services.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment of level of patient satisfaction on medical services at Government...Sumaiya Akter Snigdha
Thesis defence & last presentation of my MPH journey. Alhamdulillah, it was published on "Public Health in Practice".
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666535220300367
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. School of Pharmacy, Social and Administrative Pharmacy ,
Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Ambuye Health Center 2, Jimma Zone, Oromia Region,
Southwest Ethiopia
School of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Course Team 3, Jimma
University, Jimma, Ethiopia
ASSESSMENT OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG
PHARMACY PROFESSIONALS IN SOUTH- WEST
ETHIOPIA
Ahmed et al., IJPSR, 2013; Vol. 4(6)
2. ABSTRACT:
Background: Job satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas facing today’s managers
when it comes to managing their employees. The level of job satisfaction among pharmacy
personnel is of importance because it may affect performance and retention.
Objective: To assess the level of job satisfaction and factors associated with it among pharmacy
professionals working at selected health facilities in south west Ethiopia.
Method: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals
working in selected towns, Jimma, Agaro and Limmu Genet, of Southwest Ethiopia from June 30-
July 15, 2011 using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was
carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. Participants’
written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained after explaining about the
purpose and procedure of the study.
Results: Out of 97 pharmacy professionals included in the study, 59 (60.8%) were satisfied and
38(39.2%) were dissatisfied in their job. The major reasons reported for satisfaction were helping
the needy 28(28.9%) and professional gratification 23 (23.7%).The major reasons identified for
dissatisfaction were inadequate salary 24 (24.75%), poor interaction with other health care team
members 15 (15.5%), lack of motivation 12 (12.4%), insufficient on service training 11 (11.34%)
and poor health institution infrastructure 10 (10.31%).
Conclusion: More than half of the respondents were satisfied about their job which was explained
by helping the needy and professional gratification. More than one third of the participants were
dissatisfied mainly due to inadequate salary and lack of adequate interaction with other health
care team member. Thus, policy makers and health service managers should act in order to
improve the quality and quantity of health care services.
3. Introduction
Background: Job satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas facing
today’s managers when it comes to managing their employees. The level of job
satisfaction among pharmacy personnel is of importance because it may affect
performance and retention.
•The term job satisfaction refers to the attitude and feelings people have about
their work. Positive and favorable attitudes towards the job indicate job
satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable attitudes towards the job indicate job
dissatisfaction.
•Research has demonstrated the importance of job satisfaction to an organization
in terms of its positive relationship with individual performance, productivity,
employee relations, physical and mental health and life satisfaction
•Job satisfaction is the collection of feeling and beliefs that people have about
their current job. People’s levels of degrees of job satisfaction can range from
extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction
•Job satisfaction is a complex and multifaceted concept which can mean different
things to different people. Job satisfaction is more of an attitude, an internal
state. It could, for example, be associated with a personal feeling of achievement,
either quantitative or qualitative
4. continued
• Human resources are at the very heart of a health system. Health systems cannot
function effectively without sufficient numbers of skilled, motivated and
supported health workers
• Job satisfaction is inextricably linked to motivation, and both involve cognitive,
affective, and behavioral processes, with worker motivation commonly understood
as the reason why workers behave as they do towards achieving personal and
organizational goals.
• Neither job satisfaction nor motivation is directly observable, but both have been
identified as critical to the retention and performance of health workers
• Job satisfaction was viewed as an important indicator of staff turnover and
retention.
• Factors identified as increasing pharmacist retention are good salary, good
relationships with co-workers and flexible schedules.
• Factors increasing staff turnover include high stress, insufficient or unqualified staff
and poor salary
5. Many studies have already been conducted in many countries
for the assessment of job satisfaction among pharmacists
1. According to the study conducted in US, most respondents were satisfied with
their positions, with 68% “more” satisfied and 32% “less” satisfied.
Pharmacists in independent and inpatient hospital pharmacies reported the
highest rates of satisfaction (80% and 78%, respectively) while pharmacists in
chain pharmacies reported much lower rates of satisfaction 53% than those in all
other settings (P<0.05) and were 66% less likely to be satisfied than those in
independent pharmacies
2. In contrary, a study conducted in Great Britain concerning the link between job
satisfaction and intentions to quit the profession, pharmacists appeared to be
satisfied with their work, although female pharmacists were more satisfied than
their male counterparts. Pharmacists working in the community sector were less
satisfied than those in other sectors. Salary was consistently ranked as one of the
aspects of their work that pharmacists found least satisfying, regardless of age,
sex, or sector of practice. Strength of desire to practice pharmacy was a predictor
of both job satisfaction and intentions to quit pharmacy
6. continued
3. A study conducted in china on job satisfaction among young hospital pharmacist
showed that, about 90% of respondents were satisfied with their working environment,
utilization of skills, and promotion. Almost all young hospital pharmacists were satisfied
with his/her supervisors, coworkers and workload. However, only about 76% of young
hospital pharmacists were satisfied with their work pay and their job satisfaction was
decreased as the age increased (p< 0.05)
Health worker motivation reflects the interactions between workers and their work
environment. Because of the interactive nature of motivation, local organizational and
broader sector, policies have the potential to affect motivation of health workers either
positively or negatively, and as such to influence health system performance. Yet little is
known about the key determinants and outcomes of motivation in developing and
transition countries.
A key constraint to achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) is the absence
of a properly trained and motivated workforce
Loss of clinical staff from low and middle-income countries is crippling already fragile
health care systems
Health worker retention is critical for health system performance and a key problem is
how best to motivate and retain health workers
7. • At the heart of each country’s health system, health workers Struggle to provide
high-quality care to growing patient loads in increasingly challenging working
conditions.
• In developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, pharmacists were facing
shortages of supplies, poor compensation, inadequate management systems, and
heavy workloads.
• Job satisfaction among employees is an indicator of organizational effectiveness,
and is influenced by organizational and dispositional factors
8. Research Question
• The aim of this study was to assess the level of job satisfaction and factors
associated with it among pharmacy professionals working at selected health
facilities in south west Ethiopia.
• Because in Southwest Ethiopia, there was no study done addressing job
satisfaction of pharmacy professionals, which is a vital for health care system
quality improvement and achieving definite outcome of the patient in the health
institution.
9. Materials and Methods
• Health facility based cross sectional study was conducted in three selected towns
of Southwest Ethiopia: Jimma, Agaro, and Limmu Genet towns, on drug dispensers
working at health facilities from Jun 30-July 15, 2011.
• The total population of the three towns were 179,222 and the total number of
pharmacy professionals (druggists and pharmacists) working both in the private
and public health institutions in the study area were 102,with pharmacy
professional to population ratio of 1:1757 in this specific study area.
• All pharmacy professionals who were available at each health facility during data
collection period were included in the study.
• The questionnaire was prepared in simple English to make it clear and easy to
understand. Adequate instruction was included in the first page of the
questionnaire. Data was collected using a semi-structured and self-administered
questionnaire prepared in English.
• The questioners include socio-demographic characteristics of study participants,
satisfaction/dissatisfaction to their work and reasons for dissatisfaction. The
collected data was sorted and categorized by compilation of the questionnaire and
it was analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software and presented using
tables and figures
10. definitions
• The authors defined the following terms for the ease of understanding of this research
work:
Druggist as a diploma holder person in pharmacy licensed to prepare, and dispense
drugs upon written order (prescription) from a licensed practitioner such as a physician,
dentist, health officers and nurses.
Health personnel as men and women health professionals working in the provision of
health services.
Independent pharmacies are pharmacist-owned, privately-held businesses in varying
practice settings.
In-patient pharmacy is the main primary unit which supplies drugs to patients in the
wards and specialized clinics in the hospitals.
Job satisfaction is a state of being satisfied by individuals for opportunities that he/she
achieves success in his/her life.
Motivation is internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to
be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert
persistent effort in attaining a goal.
Pharmacist is degree holder person responsible to prepare, formulate, dispense, and
provide clinical information on drugs or medications to health professionals and
patients.
Professional gratification is pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a
desire.
Psychometric scale is a scale used for the measurement of psychological variables such
as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits
11. Drug dispensers is pharmacist, druggist or pharmacy technician who is responsible
to prepare, formulate, compound, and dispense drugs to clients with appropriate
drug related information.
Before the data collection an official letter from department of pharmacy was
written to the responsible body of the study areas (Jimma, Agaro, and Limmu
Genet) town health offices.
To get written consent, a brief explanation about the objective of the study was
given to the study participants and their willingness was asked before
administering the question.
Those who refuse to participate in the study were excluded .
12. Results
A total of 97 drug dispensers (63 druggists and 34 pharmacists) working in public
and private health facilities of selected towns of Southwest Ethiopia were included
in the study.
Majority 72(74.2%) of the participants were males, and 25(25.8%) were females.
Most 63(64.9%) of the participants were between age groups of 24-35 years.
Of those drug dispensers involved in the study 63(64.9%) were druggist and
34(35.1%) were pharmacists.
Regarding their ethnicity, 52(53.6%) were Oromo and 23(23.7%) were Amhara.
Concerning marital status of the respondents 58(59.8%) were single, 38(39.2%)
were married and only 1(1%) was divorced.
Of the total respondents 36 (37.1%) were orthodox, 29(29.9%) were protestant,
and 28(28.9%) were Muslims in their religion .
More than two thirds 71(73.2%) of the participants were working in private health
facilities.
More than two third of the participants 66(68%) served for 1-5 years and only
3(3.1%) of the participants served for over 15 years.
More than one third 36(37.1%) of the participants’ monthly salary was greater
than 2300 Ethiopian birr and relatively few participants, 8(8.2%) got monthly
salary between 1800-2300 Ethiopian birr
13. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG DISPENSERS IN SELECTED TOWNS OF
SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA. JUNE 30-JULY 15 2011 1Ethiopian birr= 17.0631 US dollar
variables no %
Age group in Year
<24 18 18.6
25-35 63 64.9
>35 19 16.5
total 97 100
sex
male 72 74.2
Female 25 25.8
total 97 100
Monthly income(ethiopian birr)
800-1300 41 42.3
1300-1800 12 12.4
1800-2300 8 8.2
>2300 36 37.1
total 97 100
14. • Considering the working position, 57(59%) of respondents claimed their job
satisfaction in the working position by responding either strongly agree or agree
with satisfaction level.
• With regard to working environment 61(63%) of the study population claimed
their job satisfaction with a satisfaction level of strongly agree and agree in the
working environment where they were working and 79%(77) of respondents
claimed either strongly agreed or agreed with satisfaction in their profession
GENERAL SATISFACTION OF DRUG DISPENSERS WITH THEIR WORKING POSITION,
ENVIRONMENT, AND PROFESSION IN SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA JUNE 30-JULY15
2011
Variables No %
Working position Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Strongly disagree
14
44
26
4
9
14.4
45.4
26.8
4.1
9.3
Working environment Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Strongly disagree
11
50
27
1
8
11.3
51.5
27.8
1.0
8.2
Profession Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Neither agree nor disagree
Strongly disagree
21
56
12
4
4
21.6
57.7
12.4
4.1
4.1
15. •As far as general satisfaction in their job is concerned, 59(60.8%) of the respondents
were satisfied with their job. And from these 6(6.2%) were working in hospitals,
4(4.1%) were working in health centers, and the majority 49(50.5%) were working in
private health facilities.
• Level of job satisfaction shows that the majority of respondents 26(26.8%) were
highly satisfied and 25(25.8%) of the respondents were with medium level of
satisfaction
LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION OF DRUG DISPENSERS IN SELECTED TOWNS OF SOUTH
WEST ETHIOPIA. JUNE 30-JULY 15 2011
16. • With regard to job dissatisfaction, 38(39.2%) of respondents were [claimed]
dissatisfied with their job. From these 19(19.6%) were pharmacist and 19(19.6%)
were druggist. When we come to the distribution of level of job dissatisfaction of
drug dispensers, 8(8.2%) claimed very highly dissatisfied, 19(19.6%), 7(7.2%), and
4(4.1%), claimed high, medium, and low level of dissatisfactions respectively
LEVEL OF JOB DISSATISFACTION OF DRUG DISPENSERS WORKING IN SELECTED
TOWNS OF SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA, JUNE 30- JULY 15 2011
17. • In this study, 59(60.8%) of the respondents were satisfied with their job. The major
factors mentioned for satisfaction were: satisfaction in helping the needy
28(28.9%) and professional gratifications 23(23.7%) accounts the highest score
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR JOB SATISFACTION OF DRUG DISPENSERS WORKING IN
SELECTED TOWNS OF SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA, JUNE 30-JULY 15 2011
Factors for satisfaction No %
Satisfaction in helping the needy 28 28.9
Professional gratification 23 23.7
Professional gratification and helping
the needy
2 2.1
Job security 2 2.1
Salary
1 1
Availability of in service training 1 1
Professional gratification and salary 1 1
Satisfaction in helping the needy and
salary
1 1
Total 51 60.8
18. • The major reasons mentioned for dissatisfaction among the 38 dispensers were:
inadequate salary 24(24.75%), poor participation of team members 15(15.5%),
lack of motivation of other members 12(12.4%), insufficient long term training
11(11.34%), poor infrastructures 10(10.31%) and poor interaction with team
members 8(8.2%) were the major factors for drug dispensers job dissatisfaction
FACTORS FOR JOB DISSATISFACTION OF DRUG DISPENSERS WORKING IN SELECTED
TOWNS OF SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA JUNE 30-JULY 15 2011
*Others=lack of possibility of growth, lack of recognition, bad working conditions
Factors for dissatisfaction No. %
Problem related to human power:
Bureaucracy in further education
Lack of motivation
*Others
6
12
4
6.20
12.40
4.10
Problems related to policy makers and health service managers:
Inadequate salary
Insufficient long term training
Inefficient short term training
Inefficient on job training
Insufficient resource of essential drugs
Insufficient resource of medical instruments
Poor infrastructures
24
11
5
5
4
3
10
24.75
11.34
5.20
5.20
4.10
3.10
10.31
Problem related to team member:
Poor participation
Poor interaction
15
8
15.5
8.20
19. • As shown in the following table , concerning future plan of drug dispensers, the
majority 32(33%) of respondents want to continue to work in the current health
facilities, 30(30.9%) want to work somewhere else, 13(13.4%) want to ask transfer
and work in other sectors, 13(13.4%) want to change their profession, 7(7.2%)
want to apply for further educations and the others 2(2.1%) want to run their own
business.
FUTURE PLAN OF DRUG DISPENSERS WORKING IN SELECTED TOWNS OF
SOUTHWEST ETHIOPIA, JUNE 30-JULY 15 2011
Future plan of respondents No. %
Continuing to work in the current place 32 33
Work in other health sector 30 30.9
Ask transfer and work somewhere else 13 13.4
Change the profession 13 13.4
Upgrading the profession 7 7.2
To run their own business 2 2.1
20. DISCUSSION
• Health organizations are highly dependent on their workforce.
• The growth and development of any organization depend on the availability of an
appropriate human resource.
• Health professionals are a strategic capital in health service organizations; where
the various clinical, managerial, technical and other personnel are the principal
input making it possible for most health interventions to be performed.
• problems related with Job satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas
facing today’s health care managers when it comes to managing their employees
• Although thousands of papers and research have been conducted on job
satisfaction all over the world, in southwest Ethiopia in particular and in the
federal democratic republic of Ethiopia at large this is one of the least studied
research fields.
• Job satisfaction causes a series of influences on various aspects of organizational
life, some of them such as the influence of job satisfaction on employee
productivity, loyalty and absenteeism
• Job satisfaction is a worker’s sense of achievement and success on the job. .
• Job satisfaction is the key ingredient that leads to recognition, income, promotion,
and the achievement of other goals that lead to a feeling of fulfillment
21. DISCUSSION
• In this study a total of 97 drug dispensers working in public and private health facilities
in the three towns of Jimma zone (Jimma, Agaro and Limmu Genet) were included.
• The result of this study showed that, 59(60.8%) of respondents claimed that they were
satisfied with the job they were provided (figure 1). This finding is inconsistent with the
study of Kebriaei and Moteghedi
• The probable reason might be people in medium income countries may expect more
compared with people here in south west Ethiopia where they are better than the
local residents and this might have led to the difference.
• The major reasons mentioned for satisfaction were: professional gratification and
satisfaction in helping the needy accounts the highest score.
• In contrast to this, a study conducted in China showed that, the majority 473(76%) of
young pharmacists were satisfied with salary they were earning.
The reason for differences in magnitude of satisfaction by salary may be due to that
China has a better capacity to pay more salary than Ethiopia because China has more
developed and high economic strength as compared to Ethiopia.
• In contrary, 38(39.2%) of the participants were dissatisfied with their job (figure 2) . The
major reasons mentioned for dissatisfaction were inadequate salary and poor
interaction with other health care team members. This result was consistent with a
study conducted in East Ethiopia where low salary and poor infrastructure were
identified as major factors for health workers job dissatisfaction and migration
22. • In this study about 58(59.8 %) of study participants were satisfied with the position
they were working and about half 44 (45.4%) of the participants were less satisfied
(Table 2). This is consistent with a study conducted in US, which showed that 248
(68%) of the populations were more satisfied and 117 (32%) of the respondents
were less satisfied with their working position. However, most participants were
less satisfied in the current study area because of poor management, poor
infrastructure, and poor interaction with co-workers in the working environment.
• According to this study, about 61(62.8%) of the participants were satisfied with
their working environment (Table 2). This is lower than the study from China which
showed 90% of the participants were satisfied with their working environment.
Here again the probable reason may be China has good working environment as
compared to Ethiopia due to good management, adequate infrastructure and
tight interaction with other health care providers.
• Due to poor working environment, about a third 30(31%) of study participants
want to leave their current working place (Table 5). A study conducted in US
showed that 15% of respondents want to leave their current employer and the
remaining 85% of study population said that they intended to stay with their
current employer. The significant difference in the magnitude of the two study
area was probably due to good salary, good interaction with co-workers, and
good working environment in US than in Ethiopia.
23. • In this study the majority of participants suggested that salary increment,
implementation of the health care staff development policy, regular staff
meeting to identify problems and find solution and good management can
improve level of job satisfaction (Table 3). Similarly a study conducted in East
Ethiopia revealed that good health system management and leader ship in
particular, improving salary, and better carrier development, will improve
satisfaction and reduce health professional migration. The match in these reasons
indicates that poor salary and poor management might be the major factors for
dissatisfaction and consequently migration of health workers in Ethiopia.
24. CONCLUSIONS
• More than half of the respondents claimed satisfied about their job which was
explained by helping the needy and professional gratification.
• More than a third of the participants were dissatisfied mainly due to inadequate
salary and lack of adequate interaction with other health care team member.
Thus, policy makers and health service managers should act in order to improve
the quality of health care services by encouraging health professionals retention,
enhancing multidisciplinary health care team interaction and improving working
environment with adequate and necessary resources .
CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
The authors declare that they did not have any conflict of interest.