SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Noon Conference
Bioethics Case
Julie Grossman-Kranseler
5/7/19
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center 2
Objectives
Bioethics Case
• Review clinical case
• Present clinical challenges
• Group discussion/brainstorming
• Case outcomes
• Bioethics review
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Background
• 68 yo F w/ hx of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma
• Metastases to the bone and CNS
• S/p radiation & 2nd round of chemotherapy with
carboplatin/pemetrexed/pembrolizumab
• Recently admitted to the hospital for 8 days (1 week
prior to this admission)
• Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, failure to thrive
• Marginal improvement after increased dexamethasone,
dronabinol, megestrol and THC candies
• Decision not to proceed with tube feeds
3
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
On Admission
• CC: 4 days of dry cough progressing to wet cough
as well as fatigue
• Vitals: 37.1, 104/80, 104, 18, 94% RA
• PE: RLL crackles, normal WOB, RRR, no m/r/g, 4/5
strength throughout
• Labs:
• CBC: WBC 1.9 (5% bands), Hgb 11, Plt 36; BMR: WNL
• Influenza A positive
• CXR:
• Patchy airspace opacities in medial RLL suspicious for
pneumonia or possibly aspiration
• Stable known left lower lung mass
4
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Diagnosis
• Patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and
influenza A
• Was started on Tamiflu for 10 day course
• Was started on Vancomycin, Zosyn &
Azithromycin for PNA in an
immunocomprimised patient
• MRSA nares were negative & vancomycin was dc’d
• Patient completed a 7 day course of abx after
normalization of WBC and undetectable procalcitonin
5
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Clinical Course
• Day 1: progressive severe hypotension with SBP’s frequently in
the 70-80’s (not particularly symptomatic)
• Requiring frequent 500cc boluses
• Day 3: patient developed encephalopathy
• MRI showed possible infarcts but ultimately ruled out per neurology
• Improved after resolution of pneumonia and influenza
• Day 5: CT chest showed improving multifocal pna, suspicion for
lymphangitic carcinomatosis, multiple new osseous metastases
& enlarging hepatic metastases
• Day 6: patient developed severe hypokalemia in the setting of
severe malnutrition due to progressive dysphagia
• Recurrent throughout hospitalization requiring frequent IV repletion
• Numerous daily discussions with palliative care, heme/onc,
medicine team with patient & family regarding goals of care
6
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Clinical Course
• Day 11: code status changed to DNR/DNI
• Day 16: family meeting
• Pt/family feel optimistic patient has improved in functional status post
flu/PNA & desire aggressive therapy to prolong life as long as possible
• Day 18: family meeting
• Similar discussion to prior
• Added midodrine to help with BP
• Patient taking progressively less & less PO
• Requiring escalating frequency of fluid boluses
• More & more difficulty working with PT & OT
• Day 24: psych consult – pt does not have decisional capacity,
trialed dextroamphetamine to help increase energy level
• Day 24: family meeting
• Pt distressed about son’s situation in jail & distraught when told that
her body is getting weaker
• Day 24: ethics consult
7
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Challenges
• Frequent visits with palliative care and difficulty for family
and patient to come to terms with clinical status
• Son in prison & the families guilt surrounding their
perceived unjust imprisonment
• Desire to have their family reunited before the patient passed
away – often the unspoken context behind their decision-making
• Desire to keep trying to get stronger & to be able to walk
• Patient’s lack of decisional capacity/inability to fully
understand
• Patient’s perseverations and clear dissent when
attempting to move to comfort care approach
• Family’s inability to care for the patient at home/desire to
8
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Discussion Questions
• How should clinicians manage a terminally ill
patient's medical treatments when the goals are
unclear and the patient can only survive in the
hospital environment?
• How do you balance shared decision making with
offering what is considered medically appropriate
treatment?
• How do you incorporate patient perspectives
when they lack decisional capacity?
• How can you help patient’s and families cope
with moral distress when it is impacting their
ability to participate in medical decision making?
9
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Case Outcomes
• Recommendations from bioethics
• 1 week time trial – full aggressive approach for 1 week with clear
tangible outcomes:
• Including PO intake, ability to walk, ability to maintain electrolytes
• Positive encouragement for the patient, spiritual care consult
• Day 28: new hypoxia & chest pressure
• CT: PNA vs. edema, no lymphangitic spread of cancer
• Pulm consult: started solumedrol, vanc & zosyn
• Echo: no volume overload, normal LVEF
• Day 31: R sided facial droop, slurred speech w/ rapid resolution
• CT head: unrevealing
• Day 32: family meeting
• Patient still distraught when transition to comfort care discussed
• Husband (DPOA) implying subtly that he would be ok with this transition
• Decision made to complete course of steroids & antibiotics and then
make the transition
10
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Case Outcomes
• Day 34: SW coordinating a deathbed visit with son from
prison
• Decision made to continue IVF and electrolytes until this visit
• Day 37: son visits from prison
• Afterwards – comfort care transition is made
• Informed assent/non-dissent from the patient’s husband supported
this decision
• Day 38-51: increasing pain – PCA ultimately started
• Ongoing coordination with SW for placement
• Day 52: patient discharged to SNF for hospice
• Shortly after discharge patient passed away on hospice
11
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Bioethics Review
• Classification of Treatment:
• Medically Appropriate
• Aligns with pt GOC & that a prudent physician would
provide based on generally accepted standards
• Potentially inappropriate
• At least some chance of accomplishing pt goals but
physicians believe may not be ethically justified
• Not medically appropriate
• The opposite of medically appropriate
• Medically futile
• Despite the intervention the patient will die in the
very near future
12
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Bioethics Review
• Clinicians do not have an ethical obligation to initiate
or that is medically futile or not medically
appropriate
• Physicians should use informed assent or non-
dissent
• This does not require specific agreement
• Rather recommendations given in a statement from
clinicians
• If there is strong disagreement, clinical ethics should be
involved to help resolve this challenge
13
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
VM Conflict Resolution Process for Shared
Decisions for Life-Sustaining Treatment
14
Conflict Resolution Processes for
Shared Decisions for Life-Sustaining Treatment
Request Clinical Ethics Consultation
Involve EMD and/or CNO/RN Director
Patient's
has Capacity?
If Goals of Care are unclear,
involve Palliative Care
Huddle with all
treating clinicians
Align the Plan of
Care to respect
the Patient's
wishes.
Yes No
Inform patient and surrogate of process
Conduct
Time-Trial
If Time-trial fails or no-change,
use assent/non-dissent
Outside 2nd Opinion
Clinical Ethics Subcommittee Review
Get VM 2nd
Opinion
Final resolution is the responsibility
of the Attending and EMD/ACO
Conflict
continues
Conflict
continues
Conflict remains
Conflict
continues
Patient/Surrogate
Assents
And
Disagreement is between:
Follow
orange lines Follow
blue lines
Follow
green lines
Clinicians
Treatment
Status
Already started
or offerred
Clinicians Patient/
Surrogate
Patient Surrogate(s)
Not started or
recommended
Conflict remains
Care Conference
and consider CEC
recommendations
Get VM 2nd
Opinion
Conflict
continues
EMD = Exective Med. Director
ACO = Admin. On-call
© Virginia Mason Medical Center
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
Time Trial Process
15
© 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center
References
16
• Varcoe, C., Pauly, B., Webster, G., & Storch, J. (2012). Moral distress: tensions as springboards for action.
HEC Forum, 24(1), 51-62. doi: 10.1007/s10730-012-9180-2, Pg. 59
• Statement of the American Medical Association Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Determination of
Essential Health Benefits, 2011
• Gabriel T. Bosslet, Thaddeus M. Pope, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Bernard Lo, Robert D. Truog, Cynda H.
Rushton, J. Randall Curtis, Dee W. Ford, Molly Osborne, Cheryl Misak, David H. Au, Elie Azoulay, Baruch
Brody, Brenda G. Fahy, Jesse B. Hall, Jozef Kesecioglu, Alexander A. Kon, Kathleen O. Lindell, and Douglas
B. White An Official ATS/AACN/ACCP/ESICM/SCCM. Policy Statement: Responding to Requests for
Potentially Inappropriate Treatments in Intensive Care Units American Journal of Respiratory and Critical
Care Medicine 2015 191:11, 1318-1330
• Kon AA, Shepard, E. K., Sederstrom, N. O., Swoboda, S. M., Marshall, M. F., Birriel, B., & Rincon, F. (2016).
Defining futile and potentially inappropriate interventions: A policy statement from the Society of Critical
Care Medicine Ethics Committee. Critical Care Medicine, 44(9), 1769-1774. doi:
10.1097/CCM.0000000000001965
• Brody, BA & Halevy, A. Is futility a Futile Concept? The Journal of medicine and Philosophy 20: 123-144,
1995
• Schneiderman, LJ & Jecker, NS. The Abuse of Futility. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 60;3 295-313,
2017
• Curtis JR, Burt RA. Point: the ethics of unilateral "do not resuscitate" orders: the role of "informed assent".
Chest. Vol 132. United States2007:748-751; discussion 755-746.
• Kon AA. Informed non-dissent: a better option than slow codes when families cannot bear to say; let her
die. Am J Bioeth. 2011;11(11):22-2

More Related Content

What's hot

Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
Mike Aref
 
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
Mike Aref
 
Treatment outcomes perez
Treatment outcomes perezTreatment outcomes perez
Treatment outcomes perezhealthhiv
 
Palliative Care Boot Camp II
Palliative Care Boot Camp IIPalliative Care Boot Camp II
Palliative Care Boot Camp II
Mike Aref
 
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life CareCritical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
Mike Aref
 
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
MedicalResearch.com:  Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014MedicalResearch.com:  Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
Marie Benz MD FAAD
 
Palliative Care in TBI
Palliative Care in TBIPalliative Care in TBI
Palliative Care in TBI
Mike Aref
 
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
Karin Verspoor
 
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order SetsConsolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
Mike Aref
 
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced IllnessEthical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
Mike Aref
 
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for WomenSHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
bkling
 
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
Institute for Clinical Research (ICR)
 
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case jewishhome
 
Symptom Management in Palliative Care
Symptom Management in Palliative CareSymptom Management in Palliative Care
Symptom Management in Palliative Care
Mike Aref
 
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
Marc Evans Abat
 
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014Muhamed Al Rohani
 
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
Canadian Cancer Survivor Network
 
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative CareOut-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
Mike Aref
 
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
Dominique Gross
 
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
Mike Aref
 

What's hot (20)

Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club for 7/3/18
 
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
Carle Palliative Care Journal Club 1/15/2020
 
Treatment outcomes perez
Treatment outcomes perezTreatment outcomes perez
Treatment outcomes perez
 
Palliative Care Boot Camp II
Palliative Care Boot Camp IIPalliative Care Boot Camp II
Palliative Care Boot Camp II
 
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life CareCritical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
Critical Palliative Care: End-of-Life Care
 
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
MedicalResearch.com:  Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014MedicalResearch.com:  Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Exclusive Interviews November 14 2014
 
Palliative Care in TBI
Palliative Care in TBIPalliative Care in TBI
Palliative Care in TBI
 
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
Medical Information Retrieval Workshop Keynote (MedIR@SIGIR2014)
 
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order SetsConsolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order Sets
 
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced IllnessEthical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
Ethical Issues Regarding Nutrition and Hydration in Advanced Illness
 
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for WomenSHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
SHARE Presentation: Palliative Care for Women
 
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
Ethics, DNR & end-of-life in the era of COVID-19
 
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case
Nathan Goldstein-Palliative care making the case
 
Symptom Management in Palliative Care
Symptom Management in Palliative CareSymptom Management in Palliative Care
Symptom Management in Palliative Care
 
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
When to refer to a geriatrician 2018
 
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014
Dialysis in elderly patients wkd 2014
 
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
CCSN's Remarkable Cancer Survivor's Guide to: Conventional & Complementary Me...
 
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative CareOut-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
Out-patient Primary and Specialty Palliative Care
 
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
Clinical, ethical and legal considerations in the treatment of newborns 2008
 
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
Scoring Suffering to Address Patient Needs in Palliative Care: The "Maslow Sc...
 

Similar to Jgk noon conference 5.7.19

Student Hotspotting Experience
Student Hotspotting ExperienceStudent Hotspotting Experience
Student Hotspotting Experience
VarMedPR
 
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
HospiceOntario
 
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
Christian Sinclair
 
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - FritzRethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
intensivecaresociety
 
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?Patient adherence – what’s the problem?
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?PM Society
 
Exploring Hospice Care
Exploring Hospice CareExploring Hospice Care
Exploring Hospice Care
VITAS Healthcare
 
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition InterventionsOBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
Wendy Thompson
 
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Tanisha Davis
 
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Tanisha Davis
 
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
CHC Connecticut
 
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
SharpBrains
 
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatments
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatmentsDcc 2012 slides matching treatments
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatments
Sheila Grant, MSN, RN, CHPN
 
Rx15 vision tues_800_uk
Rx15 vision tues_800_ukRx15 vision tues_800_uk
Rx15 vision tues_800_uk
OPUNITE
 
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
CHC Connecticut
 
Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
 Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through... Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
LucilePackardFoundation
 
Palliative vs Hospice Care
Palliative vs Hospice CarePalliative vs Hospice Care
Palliative vs Hospice Care
Fight Colorectal Cancer
 
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THISPalliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
Cynthia Merritt De Vor
 
Ethics of Prognostication
Ethics of PrognosticationEthics of Prognostication
Ethics of Prognostication
Mike Aref
 
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptxGR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
AFHSResources
 
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative CareJan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
Fight Colorectal Cancer
 

Similar to Jgk noon conference 5.7.19 (20)

Student Hotspotting Experience
Student Hotspotting ExperienceStudent Hotspotting Experience
Student Hotspotting Experience
 
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
Advance Care Planning Conversations and Goals of Care Discussions: Understand...
 
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
Sinclair end of-life presentation 1a (1)
 
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - FritzRethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
Rethinking DNACPR orders: ethical issues and a proposal for change - Fritz
 
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?Patient adherence – what’s the problem?
Patient adherence – what’s the problem?
 
Exploring Hospice Care
Exploring Hospice CareExploring Hospice Care
Exploring Hospice Care
 
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition InterventionsOBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
OBGYN Palladino Presentation - PCOS Nutrition Interventions
 
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
 
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
Utilizing Care Management Nurses to Improve Transitions in Care in the Oupati...
 
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
Implementing Post-Graduate Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Psychology Residen...
 
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
How can front-line pro­fes­sion­als incor­po­rate the emerg­ing brain health ...
 
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatments
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatmentsDcc 2012 slides matching treatments
Dcc 2012 slides matching treatments
 
Rx15 vision tues_800_uk
Rx15 vision tues_800_ukRx15 vision tues_800_uk
Rx15 vision tues_800_uk
 
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
Advancing Team-Based Care: Achieving Full Integration of Behavioral Health an...
 
Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
 Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through... Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
Improving Discharge Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs through...
 
Palliative vs Hospice Care
Palliative vs Hospice CarePalliative vs Hospice Care
Palliative vs Hospice Care
 
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THISPalliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
Palliative vs. Hospice Care - READ THIS
 
Ethics of Prognostication
Ethics of PrognosticationEthics of Prognostication
Ethics of Prognostication
 
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptxGR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
GR AFHS Polypharmacy.w-o CH.pptx
 
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative CareJan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
Jan 2015 Webinar: Palliative Care
 

More from Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency

Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
Organism potpourri 5 6-2019Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Noon conference 2 caballero
Noon conference 2 caballeroNoon conference 2 caballero
Noon conference 2 caballero
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Intro to ct head prr
Intro to ct head   prrIntro to ct head   prr
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Noon conference banta
Noon conference bantaNoon conference banta
Migraine headache presentation resident
Migraine headache presentation residentMigraine headache presentation resident
Migraine headache presentation resident
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Noon conference Lobaton
Noon conference LobatonNoon conference Lobaton
Noon conference kaylee park
Noon conference kaylee parkNoon conference kaylee park
Noon conference kaylee park
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Uri presentation 4 23-19
Uri presentation 4 23-19Uri presentation 4 23-19
Crc talk for residents 2019
Crc talk for residents 2019Crc talk for residents 2019
Crc talk for residents 2019
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Noon conference mgus
Noon conference   mgusNoon conference   mgus
19 im resident future of rectal cancer
19 im resident future of rectal cancer19 im resident future of rectal cancer
19 im resident future of rectal cancer
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Noon conference kardasheva 4 16 2019
Noon conference  kardasheva 4 16 2019Noon conference  kardasheva 4 16 2019
Noon conference kardasheva 4 16 2019
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 
Smoking cessation for residents
Smoking cessation for residentsSmoking cessation for residents
Smoking cessation for residents
Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency
 

More from Virginia Mason Internal Medicine Residency (20)

Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
Organism potpourri 5 6-2019Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
Organism potpourri 5 6-2019
 
Noon conference 2 caballero
Noon conference 2 caballeroNoon conference 2 caballero
Noon conference 2 caballero
 
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
Clinical osa evaluation (residents)
 
Tb answer sheet
Tb answer sheetTb answer sheet
Tb answer sheet
 
Latent tb worksheet
Latent tb worksheetLatent tb worksheet
Latent tb worksheet
 
Intro to ct head prr
Intro to ct head   prrIntro to ct head   prr
Intro to ct head prr
 
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
2019 04-30 noon conference [stephen slade]
 
Noon conference banta
Noon conference bantaNoon conference banta
Noon conference banta
 
Mm 4 29-19
Mm 4 29-19Mm 4 29-19
Mm 4 29-19
 
Migraine headache presentation resident
Migraine headache presentation residentMigraine headache presentation resident
Migraine headache presentation resident
 
Noon conference Lobaton
Noon conference LobatonNoon conference Lobaton
Noon conference Lobaton
 
Noon conference kaylee park
Noon conference kaylee parkNoon conference kaylee park
Noon conference kaylee park
 
Uri presentation 4 23-19
Uri presentation 4 23-19Uri presentation 4 23-19
Uri presentation 4 23-19
 
Case report 4 23-19
Case report 4 23-19Case report 4 23-19
Case report 4 23-19
 
Crc talk for residents 2019
Crc talk for residents 2019Crc talk for residents 2019
Crc talk for residents 2019
 
Noon conference mgus
Noon conference   mgusNoon conference   mgus
Noon conference mgus
 
19 im resident future of rectal cancer
19 im resident future of rectal cancer19 im resident future of rectal cancer
19 im resident future of rectal cancer
 
Noon conference kardasheva 4 16 2019
Noon conference  kardasheva 4 16 2019Noon conference  kardasheva 4 16 2019
Noon conference kardasheva 4 16 2019
 
Sbp noon conf
Sbp noon confSbp noon conf
Sbp noon conf
 
Smoking cessation for residents
Smoking cessation for residentsSmoking cessation for residents
Smoking cessation for residents
 

Recently uploaded

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animalsEvaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Shweta
 
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
bkling
 
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
VarunMahajani
 
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Ocular injury  ppt  Upendra pal  optometrist upums saifai etawahOcular injury  ppt  Upendra pal  optometrist upums saifai etawah
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
pal078100
 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN  HEALTHCARE.pdfARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN  HEALTHCARE.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdf
Anujkumaranit
 
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdfAlcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Dr Jeenal Mistry
 
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptxCervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdfAre There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Little Cross Family Clinic
 
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in StockFactory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
rebeccabio
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
د.محمود نجيب
 
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model SafeSurat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Savita Shen $i11
 
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfmicro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Anurag Sharma
 
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
DrSathishMS1
 
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation ActTHOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
DrSathishMS1
 
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdfBENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
DR SETH JOTHAM
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
KafrELShiekh University
 
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdfbasicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
aljamhori teaching hospital
 
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #GirlsFor Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
Savita Shen $i11
 
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists  Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Saeid Safari
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animalsEvaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
 
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
 
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
 
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Ocular injury  ppt  Upendra pal  optometrist upums saifai etawahOcular injury  ppt  Upendra pal  optometrist upums saifai etawah
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN  HEALTHCARE.pdfARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN  HEALTHCARE.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdf
 
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdfAlcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
 
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptxCervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
 
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdfAre There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
 
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in StockFactory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
 
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model SafeSurat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
 
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfmicro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
 
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
24 Upakrama.pptx class ppt useful in all
 
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation ActTHOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
THOA 2.ppt Human Organ Transplantation Act
 
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdfBENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.BPH. BPHpdf
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
 
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdfbasicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
basicmodesofventilation2022-220313203758.pdf
 
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #GirlsFor Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
 
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
 
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists  Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
 

Jgk noon conference 5.7.19

  • 1. Noon Conference Bioethics Case Julie Grossman-Kranseler 5/7/19
  • 2. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center 2 Objectives Bioethics Case • Review clinical case • Present clinical challenges • Group discussion/brainstorming • Case outcomes • Bioethics review
  • 3. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Background • 68 yo F w/ hx of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma • Metastases to the bone and CNS • S/p radiation & 2nd round of chemotherapy with carboplatin/pemetrexed/pembrolizumab • Recently admitted to the hospital for 8 days (1 week prior to this admission) • Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, failure to thrive • Marginal improvement after increased dexamethasone, dronabinol, megestrol and THC candies • Decision not to proceed with tube feeds 3
  • 4. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center On Admission • CC: 4 days of dry cough progressing to wet cough as well as fatigue • Vitals: 37.1, 104/80, 104, 18, 94% RA • PE: RLL crackles, normal WOB, RRR, no m/r/g, 4/5 strength throughout • Labs: • CBC: WBC 1.9 (5% bands), Hgb 11, Plt 36; BMR: WNL • Influenza A positive • CXR: • Patchy airspace opacities in medial RLL suspicious for pneumonia or possibly aspiration • Stable known left lower lung mass 4
  • 5. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Diagnosis • Patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and influenza A • Was started on Tamiflu for 10 day course • Was started on Vancomycin, Zosyn & Azithromycin for PNA in an immunocomprimised patient • MRSA nares were negative & vancomycin was dc’d • Patient completed a 7 day course of abx after normalization of WBC and undetectable procalcitonin 5
  • 6. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Clinical Course • Day 1: progressive severe hypotension with SBP’s frequently in the 70-80’s (not particularly symptomatic) • Requiring frequent 500cc boluses • Day 3: patient developed encephalopathy • MRI showed possible infarcts but ultimately ruled out per neurology • Improved after resolution of pneumonia and influenza • Day 5: CT chest showed improving multifocal pna, suspicion for lymphangitic carcinomatosis, multiple new osseous metastases & enlarging hepatic metastases • Day 6: patient developed severe hypokalemia in the setting of severe malnutrition due to progressive dysphagia • Recurrent throughout hospitalization requiring frequent IV repletion • Numerous daily discussions with palliative care, heme/onc, medicine team with patient & family regarding goals of care 6
  • 7. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Clinical Course • Day 11: code status changed to DNR/DNI • Day 16: family meeting • Pt/family feel optimistic patient has improved in functional status post flu/PNA & desire aggressive therapy to prolong life as long as possible • Day 18: family meeting • Similar discussion to prior • Added midodrine to help with BP • Patient taking progressively less & less PO • Requiring escalating frequency of fluid boluses • More & more difficulty working with PT & OT • Day 24: psych consult – pt does not have decisional capacity, trialed dextroamphetamine to help increase energy level • Day 24: family meeting • Pt distressed about son’s situation in jail & distraught when told that her body is getting weaker • Day 24: ethics consult 7
  • 8. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Challenges • Frequent visits with palliative care and difficulty for family and patient to come to terms with clinical status • Son in prison & the families guilt surrounding their perceived unjust imprisonment • Desire to have their family reunited before the patient passed away – often the unspoken context behind their decision-making • Desire to keep trying to get stronger & to be able to walk • Patient’s lack of decisional capacity/inability to fully understand • Patient’s perseverations and clear dissent when attempting to move to comfort care approach • Family’s inability to care for the patient at home/desire to 8
  • 9. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Discussion Questions • How should clinicians manage a terminally ill patient's medical treatments when the goals are unclear and the patient can only survive in the hospital environment? • How do you balance shared decision making with offering what is considered medically appropriate treatment? • How do you incorporate patient perspectives when they lack decisional capacity? • How can you help patient’s and families cope with moral distress when it is impacting their ability to participate in medical decision making? 9
  • 10. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Case Outcomes • Recommendations from bioethics • 1 week time trial – full aggressive approach for 1 week with clear tangible outcomes: • Including PO intake, ability to walk, ability to maintain electrolytes • Positive encouragement for the patient, spiritual care consult • Day 28: new hypoxia & chest pressure • CT: PNA vs. edema, no lymphangitic spread of cancer • Pulm consult: started solumedrol, vanc & zosyn • Echo: no volume overload, normal LVEF • Day 31: R sided facial droop, slurred speech w/ rapid resolution • CT head: unrevealing • Day 32: family meeting • Patient still distraught when transition to comfort care discussed • Husband (DPOA) implying subtly that he would be ok with this transition • Decision made to complete course of steroids & antibiotics and then make the transition 10
  • 11. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Case Outcomes • Day 34: SW coordinating a deathbed visit with son from prison • Decision made to continue IVF and electrolytes until this visit • Day 37: son visits from prison • Afterwards – comfort care transition is made • Informed assent/non-dissent from the patient’s husband supported this decision • Day 38-51: increasing pain – PCA ultimately started • Ongoing coordination with SW for placement • Day 52: patient discharged to SNF for hospice • Shortly after discharge patient passed away on hospice 11
  • 12. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Bioethics Review • Classification of Treatment: • Medically Appropriate • Aligns with pt GOC & that a prudent physician would provide based on generally accepted standards • Potentially inappropriate • At least some chance of accomplishing pt goals but physicians believe may not be ethically justified • Not medically appropriate • The opposite of medically appropriate • Medically futile • Despite the intervention the patient will die in the very near future 12
  • 13. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Bioethics Review • Clinicians do not have an ethical obligation to initiate or that is medically futile or not medically appropriate • Physicians should use informed assent or non- dissent • This does not require specific agreement • Rather recommendations given in a statement from clinicians • If there is strong disagreement, clinical ethics should be involved to help resolve this challenge 13
  • 14. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center VM Conflict Resolution Process for Shared Decisions for Life-Sustaining Treatment 14 Conflict Resolution Processes for Shared Decisions for Life-Sustaining Treatment Request Clinical Ethics Consultation Involve EMD and/or CNO/RN Director Patient's has Capacity? If Goals of Care are unclear, involve Palliative Care Huddle with all treating clinicians Align the Plan of Care to respect the Patient's wishes. Yes No Inform patient and surrogate of process Conduct Time-Trial If Time-trial fails or no-change, use assent/non-dissent Outside 2nd Opinion Clinical Ethics Subcommittee Review Get VM 2nd Opinion Final resolution is the responsibility of the Attending and EMD/ACO Conflict continues Conflict continues Conflict remains Conflict continues Patient/Surrogate Assents And Disagreement is between: Follow orange lines Follow blue lines Follow green lines Clinicians Treatment Status Already started or offerred Clinicians Patient/ Surrogate Patient Surrogate(s) Not started or recommended Conflict remains Care Conference and consider CEC recommendations Get VM 2nd Opinion Conflict continues EMD = Exective Med. Director ACO = Admin. On-call © Virginia Mason Medical Center
  • 15. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center Time Trial Process 15
  • 16. © 2016 Virginia Mason Medical Center References 16 • Varcoe, C., Pauly, B., Webster, G., & Storch, J. (2012). Moral distress: tensions as springboards for action. HEC Forum, 24(1), 51-62. doi: 10.1007/s10730-012-9180-2, Pg. 59 • Statement of the American Medical Association Institute of Medicine’s Committee on Determination of Essential Health Benefits, 2011 • Gabriel T. Bosslet, Thaddeus M. Pope, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Bernard Lo, Robert D. Truog, Cynda H. Rushton, J. Randall Curtis, Dee W. Ford, Molly Osborne, Cheryl Misak, David H. Au, Elie Azoulay, Baruch Brody, Brenda G. Fahy, Jesse B. Hall, Jozef Kesecioglu, Alexander A. Kon, Kathleen O. Lindell, and Douglas B. White An Official ATS/AACN/ACCP/ESICM/SCCM. Policy Statement: Responding to Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatments in Intensive Care Units American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2015 191:11, 1318-1330 • Kon AA, Shepard, E. K., Sederstrom, N. O., Swoboda, S. M., Marshall, M. F., Birriel, B., & Rincon, F. (2016). Defining futile and potentially inappropriate interventions: A policy statement from the Society of Critical Care Medicine Ethics Committee. Critical Care Medicine, 44(9), 1769-1774. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001965 • Brody, BA & Halevy, A. Is futility a Futile Concept? The Journal of medicine and Philosophy 20: 123-144, 1995 • Schneiderman, LJ & Jecker, NS. The Abuse of Futility. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 60;3 295-313, 2017 • Curtis JR, Burt RA. Point: the ethics of unilateral "do not resuscitate" orders: the role of "informed assent". Chest. Vol 132. United States2007:748-751; discussion 755-746. • Kon AA. Informed non-dissent: a better option than slow codes when families cannot bear to say; let her die. Am J Bioeth. 2011;11(11):22-2

Editor's Notes

  1. Hospital course up until the ethics consult was placed
  2. If a patient lacks capacity should we still take dissent in the same way? Why or why not? Authentic statements – consistent and persistent statements Lack of consistent authentic statements Respect for persons Shared decision making
  3. It is important to take account reversibility of a disease Treatments should be weighed by patients underlying comorbidities Patients must be able to appreciate the benefit and survive And the treatments must allow them to sustain outside the walls of the hospital Medically Appropriate or Medically Necessary: a medically necessary treatment or intervention that aligns with a patient's Goals of Care and "that a prudent physician would provide to a patient for the purpose of preventing, diagnosing or treating an illness, injury, disease or its symptoms in a manner that is (a) in accordance with generally accepted standards of medical practice; (b) clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site and duration; and (c) not primarily for the economic benefit of the health plans and purchasers or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician or other health care provider." Not Medically Appropriate Treatment: The opposite of Medically Appropriate/Necessary treatment.  Specifically, it is an intervention that meets one or more of the following: It does not meet a patient's Goals of Care, It does not align clinically with the patient's treatment plan according to the standards of care, It is not clinically appropriate or indicated based on the illness, injury or disease present, Futile is very narrow and limited – most narrow definition – physiologic futility? VM protocol- kept narrow definition that is shared by community, UW, evergreen… an intervention is futile if even if it is used the pt will die from the underlying dz in an imminent fashion – ex: CHF, renal failure, 3 vasoactive meds and BP still dropping, can’t maintain BP even if 3 meds, the vasoactive meds are futile bc pt is dying regardless of this Important to see evidence of that before labelling it as futile. In our case: Patient did ok after withdrawal of these therapies Up until the time trial the treatments were potentially inappropriate After the decompensation, clear that it was not medically appropriate
  4. Ultimately by using our time trial approach, we were able to clarify our goals and help the family work towards understanding that treatment was medically inappropriate as the patient continued to clinically deteriorate