The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located at the vascular pole of Bowman's capsule and is formed by the conjunction of macula densa cells, juxtaglomerular cells, and lacis cells. The macula densa cells monitor NaCl levels in the afferent arteriole and signal to the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin. Renin triggers the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by cleaving angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I and II, which promotes vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption, and a rise in blood pressure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus plays a key role in blood pressure regulation through the