1. The document discusses 16 different tenses in English grammar - both simple and continuous forms. 2. It provides the usage, formulas, and examples for each tense, including present, past, future, and conditional tenses. 3. The tenses covered are: simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, simple future, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, past future, past future continuous, past future perfect, and past future perfect continuous.

1. TYPES OF TENSES
NAMA : HARITS WIGUNA
NPM : 13210146
KELAS : 4EA21
FAKULTAS EKONOMI
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
2014

2. TENSES
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
Usage: Stating a habit (habitual action) or activities that occur over and over - again and again and again.
Stating a general truth.
Formulas :
( + ) S + V1 + es/s + O
( - ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O
( ? ) Do/does + S + V1 + O ?
Examples:
( + ) My sister lives in Bali.
( - ) My sister does not live in Bali.
( ? ) Does my sister live in Bali ?
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To declare an ongoing activity (now) or around the time of the conversation (around the time
speaking).
Formulas:
( + ) S + is/am/are + V – ing + O
( – ) S + is/am/are + not + V – ing + O
( ? ) Is/am/are + S + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) We are eating breakfast at six o’clock now.
( – ) We are not eating breakfast at six o’clock now.
( ? ) Are we eating breakfast at six o’clock now?
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Usage: To declare an act, events that happened in the past and still nothing to do with present or to show
an event that completed in a short time (just finished).
Formulas :
( + ) S + have/has + V3 + O
( – ) S + have/has + not + V3 + O

3. ( ? ) Have/has + S + V3 + O ?
Examples :
( + ) They have known each other for along time.
( – ) They have not known each other for along time.
( ? ) Have they known each other for along time ?
4. PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: to declare an activity that started in the past and is still ongoing and there may still be ongoing
Formulas:
( + ) S + have/has + been + V – ing + O
( – ) S + have/has + not + been + V – ing + O
( ? ) Have/has + S + been + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) Jack has been staying in hospital since his accident.
( – ) Jack has not been staying in hospital since his accident.
( ? ) Has jack been staying in hospital since his accident ?
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Usage: To express an activity that occurs at a point in the past.
Formulas:
( + ) S + V2 + O
( – ) S + did + not + V1 + O
( ? ) Did + S + V1 + O ?
Examples :
( + ) My father went to Spain last year.
( – ) My father did not go to Spain last year.
( ? ) Did my father go to Spain last year ?

4. 6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To express an ongoing activity in the past when other activities occur / interrupt.
Formulas:
( + ) S + was/were + V – ing + O
( – ) S + was/were + not + V – ing + O
( ? ) Was/were + S + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) He was reading book when his father watched TV.
( – ) He was not reading book when his father watched TV.
( ? ) Was he reading book when his father watched TV ?
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Usage: To declare an act that is completed events done in the past or explain an events which first
occurred between the two in question.
Formulas :
( + ) S + had + V3 + O
( – ) S + had + not + V3 + O
( ? ) Had + S + V3 + O ?
Examples :
( + ) Joyce had eaten when her friends came.
( – ) Joyce had not eaten when her friends came.
( ? ) Had Joyce eaten when her friends came ?
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that has been started in the past and is still going on in the past also.
Formulas:
( + ) S + had + been + V – ing + O
( – ) S + had + not + been + V – ing + O
( ? ) Had + S + been + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) They had been singing when we studied dancing.

5. ( – ) They had not been singing when we studied dancing.
( ? ) Had they been singing when we studied dancing ?
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that will be done at the time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) S + shall/will + V1 + O
( – ) S + shall/will + not + V1 + O
( ? ) Shall/will + S + V1 + O ?
Examples :
( + ) Jim and Tom will give me a novel.
( – ) Jim and tom will not give me a novel.
( ? ) Will Jim and Tom give me a novel ?
10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: to declare an act or event that will be taking place at a time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) S + shall/will + be + v – ing + O
( – ) S + shall/will + not + be + V – ing + O
( ? ) Shall/will + S + be + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) Tommy will be arriving from Jakarta tonight.
( – ) Tommy will not be arriving from Jakarta tonight.
( ? ) Will Tommy be arriving from Jakarta tonight ?
11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that already started in the past and soon to be completed in time dating.
Formulas:
( + ) S + shall/will + have + V3 + O
( – ) S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O
( ? ) Shall/will + S + have + V3 + O ?

6. Examples :
( + ) Joy and Jay will have finished their work by Monday.
( – ) Joy and Jay will not have finished their work by Monday.
( ? ) Will Joy and Jay have finished their work by Monday.
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that already exist in the past but it is still possible to dillanjutkan at the
time will come.
Formulas:
( + ) S + shall/will + have + been + V – ing + O
( – ) S + shall/will + not + have + been + V – ing + O
( ? ) Shall/will + S + have + been + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) We shall have been cooking.
( – ) We shall not have been cooking.
( ? ) Shall we have been cooking ?
13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that will come done in the past.
Formulas:
( + ) S + should/would + V1 + O
( – ) S + should/would + not + V1 + O
( ? ) Should/would + S + V1 + O ?
Examples :
( + ) Maya would come to my house tomorrow.
( – ) Maya would not come to my house tomorrow.
( ? ) Would Maya come to your house tomorrow ?
14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To declare an act or event that will be taking place the past.
Formulas:
( + ) S + should/would + be + V – ing + O
( – ) S + should/would + not + be + V – ing + O

7. ( ? ) Should/would + S + be + V – ing + O
Examples :
( + ) We would be meeting here at five yesterday.
( – ) We would not be meeting here at five yesterday.
( ? ) Would we be meeting here at five yesterday ?
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Usage: To declare an act of events that will come already in the past supposition that can not happen
because it is definitely not fulfilled.
Formulas:
( + ) S + should/would + have + V3 + O
( – ) S + should/would + not + have + V3 + O
( ? ) Should/would + S + have + V3 + O
Examples :
( + ) You would have been success if you had worked hard.
( – ) You would not have been success if you had not worked hard.
( ? ) Would you have been success if you had not worked hard ?
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Usage: To declare an act of events that will already be in progress at the past.
Formulas:
( + ) S + should/would + have + been + V – ing + O
( – ) S + should/would + not + have + been + V – ing + O
( ? ) Should/would + S + have + been + V – ing + O ?
Examples :
( + ) They should have been working there.
( – ) They should not have been working there.
( ? ) Should they have been working there ?