This document provides an overview of English verb tenses and parts of speech including verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and particles. It defines the verb "to be" and its uses in the present, past and future tenses. It also explains how "to be" is used as an auxiliary verb to form the progressive, passive voice and infinitives. The document then defines adjectives as modifying nouns, adverbs as modifying verbs and adverbials, and prepositions and their objects.

1. VER TO BE I : Am → Sekarang
WAKTU Kata Benda, Karata Ganti Benda, VERB Was → Lewat/Lalu
BICARA Sifat Kegiatan/Action Will be → Akan Datang
Tempat, Keterangan, Kata Depan Have Been → Telah/sudah Datang
(+) S + Is, Am, Are + Noun/Adj/Adv (+) S + V1 + (es/s) => Bila Subj. He, Do
(-) S + Is, Am, Are + Not + N/A/A She, It You : Are → Sekarang
SEKARANG (?) Is, Am, Are + S + N/A/A (-) S + Do/Does + Not + V1 Were → Lewat/Lalu
(?) QW + Is, Am, Are + S + N/A/A (?) Do/Does + S + V1 Will be → Akan Datang
(?) QW + Do/Does + S + V1 Have Been → Telah/Sudah Datang
(+) S + Was, Were + N/A/A (+) S +V2 Do
(-) S + Was, Were + Not + N/A/A (-) S + Did + Not + V1 We : Are → Sekarang
LEWAT/LALU (?) Was, Were + N/A/A (?) Did + S + V1 Were → Lewat/Lalu
(?) QW + Was, Were + N/A/A (?) QW + Did + S + V1 Will be → Akan Datang
Have Been → Telah Datang
(+) S + Will Be + N/A/A (+) S + Will + V1
Do
(-) S + Will + Not + Be + N/A/A (-) S + Will + Not + V1
AKAN DATANG They : Are → Sekarang
(?) Will + S + Be + N/A/A (?) Will + S + V1
Were → Lewat/Lalu
(?) QW + Will + S + Be + N/A/A (?) QW + Shall/Will + S + V1
Will be → Akan Datang
(+) S + Have Been, Has Been + (+) S + Have/Has + V3 Have Been → Telah/Sudah Datang
N/A/A (-) S + Have/Has + S + V3 He : Am → Sekarang
(-) S + Have/Has+ Not + Been + (?) Have/Has + S + V3 She Was → Lewat/Lalu
TELAH/SUDAH
N/A/A (?) QW + Have/Has + S + V3 It Will be → Akan Datang
DIKERJAKAN
(?) Have/Has + S + Been + N/A/A Have Been → Telah Datang
(?) QW + Have/Has + S + Been + Does
N/A/A
(+) S + Is, Am, Are + V1 + Ing
(-) S + Is, Am, Are + Not + V1 + Ing
SEDANG (?) Is, Am, Are + S + Ing
(?) QW + Am, Is, Are + V1 + Ing + S
Auxiliary Verb : (Is, Am, Are, Was, Were → V Ing), (Do, Does, Did → V1), (Have, Has, Had → V3) → 11
: (will, Would, Shall, Should, Can, Could, May, Might, Need Used, Must, Dare, Ought → V1) → 13
: (Who, What, Which, Whom, Whose, Where, How, Why, etc) → QW

2. VERB TO BE  Suddenly his face was (became) scarlet.
With Introductory there
Be - Vi (Present tense am is, are, past tense was, were)  There's a bus stop down the road
With a noun or pronoun, identifying or asking about the subject  There were six of us
 Today is Sunday  There are some stamps in that drawes
 He Is a Catholic Also with intoductory there, meaning "exist"
 It's me, her, him  There is a God
with ad adjective or a preposition, indicating a quality, an attribute.  For there to belife there must be air and water
 the World is round Being Present Particle
 She is 9 years old Been Past Particle
 Short skirts are in/out of fashion
With a preposition or adverbial particle, indicating a pleace. Particle : Minor part of speech, eg. an article (a, an, the), a preposition or
 The lamp is on the table adverb (up, in, out), a conjunction (or), an affix (un-, in-, -ness, ly)
 Linda is out in the garden
 Mary's upstairs BE - Aux V
 The station is a mile away - Used With Present particle to from the prgressive or continous tense
With a noun or a preposition, indicating possession, actual or intended.  They were/are reading
 The money is not yours, it's lina's  Ishall be seing him soon
 The parcel is for her/you.  What have you been doing this week?
- Used with a past particle to from the passive voice
Be - Vi (VP1) - Used with a to infinitive.
Lingking verb, indicating a change from one quality, place, etc to 1. Equivalent to must or ought, to indicate duty, necessity, etc
another.  I am to inform you ( I Have been told to inform you that ........,
 He Wants to be (become) a fireman when he grows up. you are (ought, deserve) to be congratulated.
 Give me a pund, and the skirt is (will be) yours. 2. Intention
 You can be (get) there in five minutes.  They are to be married in may
 once more he was (again became) the old John. we used to 3. Possibilty
know.  The book was not to be (could not be) found.

3. 4. A supposition or unreal condition Adjective describe nouns. In grammar, we say that adjectives modify
 If i were to tell you/were i to tell you........., if it were to rain nouns. the word modify means "change a litle" Adjectives give a little
(if it rained) tomorrow. different meaning to a noun: intelligent student, lazy student, good student.
5. Chiefly present tense - destiny Example of adjectives: young, old, rich, poor, beautiful, brown, french,
 He was never to see his wife and family again, although he modern.
did not know this at the time, he did not see them again. a. Karyn is an intelligent student.
6. Mutual arrangement b. The Hungry children ate fruit
 We are to be married in may. c. I saw some beautiful pictures.
 Every member of the party was to pay his own expenses. INCORRECT : beautifuls Pictures
7. The expessed wish of another person An adjective is neither singular non plural. A final -s is never added to
 At what time am i (do you want me) to be there ? an adjective.
8. Purpose
 The telegram was to say that she had been delayed. ADVERB
Averbs modify verbs. often they answer the quetion "How?".
PREPOSITION a. How does she walks?
An Important element of English sentences is the prepositional phrase. It b. She walks quikly
consists of a preposition (PREP) and it's object (O). The object of a Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective.
preposition is a noun or pronoun. Adjective : Quick
a) The student studies in the library. Adverb : Quickly
in the library is a prepositional pharase. c. I opened the door quietly.
b) We enjoyed the party at your house Adverbs are also used to modify adjectives, i.e., to give information
c) We went to the zoo in the afternoon. about adjectives.
(in most English sentence, "place" comes before "time") d. I am extremely happy
d) In the afternoon, we went to the zoo Adverbs are also used to express time or frequency. Example : tomorrow,
(sometimes a prepositional pharase comes at the beginning of a today, yesterday, soon, never, usually, always, yet.
sentence) e. Ann Will come tomorrow.
ADJECTIVE MIDSENTENCE ADVERBS
f. Ann always comes on time.

4. g. Ann is always on time VERB PENGHUBUNG
h. Ann has always come on time. Other verbs like be that may be followed immediately by an adjective
i. Does she always come on time? are called lingking verbs. An adjective following a linking verb
COMMON MIDSENTENCE ADVERB describes the subject of a sentence. Common verb that may be followed
ever, always, usually, often, frequently, generally, sometimes, occasionally, by an adjective : feel, look, smeel, sound, taste appear, seem become
seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never, not ever, already, finally, just, probably. (and get, turn, grow when they mean "become")
a) The man looks angry  an adjective (angry) follows look. The
VERB BE adjective describes the subject (the
A sentence with be as the main verb has three basic patterns: man). Look has the meaning of
a. Fred is a student "appear".
be + a noun b) The man Looked at me angrily  An adverb (angrily) follows
b. Fred is intelligent look at. The adverb describes
be + an adjective the action of the verb. Look at
c. Fred was at the library has the meaning of "regard,
be + a prepositional phrase wacth"
Be is also used as an auxiliary verb in progressive verb tenses and in the
passive. PART OF SPEECH
d. Jane is writing a letter. a. Noun : Kata yang menamakan orang (persons), tempat
is = auxiliary; writing = main verb (Pleace), Hewan (Animals), Benda/Barang (Things).
b. Pronoun : Kata sebagai kata ganti benda
TENSE FORMS OF BE I, You, He, she, it, me, him, her, your, their, mine, ours,
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT myself, yourselves
I have been c. Adjective : Kata yang menerangkan kata benda atau kata ganti
I am I was
You have been
SINGULAR You are You were benda.
He, she. it has been
He, she, it is We, you, they were Happy, Good, Nice, Cool, Hot
We, you, they have been
d. Verb : Kata atau frase yang menunjukkan kegiatan atau
PLURAL We, you, they are We, you, they are We, you, they have been
tindakan
run, play, think, teach, do
e. Adverb : Kata yang menerangkan kata kerja

5. suddenly, hard, slowly, fast, quickly
f. Preposition : Kata yang diletakkan sebelum kata benda atau kata
ganti benda.
on, it, at, under, above, below
g. Conjuction : Kata yang menggabungkan kata frase (pharase) klos
(Clause) atau kalimat.
and, so, but
h. Interjection : Kata yang mengekspresikan perasaan tiba-tiba atau
emosional
what a mess!