The document discusses 16 tenses in English, including: - Simple present, past, and future tenses - Present, past, and future continuous tenses - Present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses - Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous, and past future perfect continuous tenses For each tense, it provides the formula, examples of positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. The tenses are used to express time and aspects like habits, planned future actions, ongoing activities, completed actions, and more.

1. 16 TENSES
Present Tense PastTense Future Tense Past Future Tense
Simple Present Tense :
a. Nominal simple present :
tobe-1 (am-are-is)
Example: She is a Teacher
She is not a teacher
Is she a teacher ?
b. Verbal simple present :
not tobe but have verb
Example: I work
I do not work
Do I work ?
She ,He and It verb-1 + s, so verb
that have hissing sound (x,ch,s and
sh) we use the last es (mixes,
teaches, kisses and washes).
The use simple present tense :
1. Expressing facts
2. expressing habits
Adverbs of Frequency
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom jarang
never tidak pernah
ever pernah
Simple Past Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
- Subject + to be (was/were) + complement
- Subject + verb 2 + object
Negatif (-)
- Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
- Subject + did not + verb 1 + object
Tanya (?)
- Did + subject + verb 1 + object ?
Contoh Simple Past tense:
He was a businessman in 1999 (+)
- dia adalah seorang pebisnis pada tahun 1999
I sell these motorcycles in Surabaya(+)
- saya menjual sepeda motor ini di Surabaya
She did not visit me yesterday (-)
- dia tidak mengunjungiku kemarin
My parents were not home yesterday(-)
- orang tua ku tidak ada di rumah kemarin
Did you play football yesterday ? (?)
- Apakah kamu bermain sepakbola kemarin ?
Simple Future Tense : Use for planing
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I +
object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + verb I + object
Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object
Contoh – Simple Future tense :
We will go to school soon (+)
- kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera
We will not go to school soon (-)
- kita tidak akan pergi ke sekolah segera
Will we go to school soon ? (?)
- apakah kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera
The students are going to have a test next month
(+)
- para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan depan
The students are not going to have a test next (-)
- para siswa tidak akan menghadapi ujian bulan
depan
Are the students going to have a test next month ?
(?)
- Apakah para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan
depan ?
Past Future Tense:
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + object
Subject + should/would + verb I + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + object
Subject + should/would + not + verb + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + object ?
Should/would + subject + verb I + object ?
Contoh – simple past future tense :
He should be in Banten next month (+)
- dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan depan
He should not be in Banten next month (-)
- dia tidak akan telah berada di Banten bulan
depan
Should he be in Banten next month ? (?)
- apakah dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan
depan ?
I should be pick up when you arrive at the
station tomorrow (+)
- saya akan sedang sudah menjemput ketika
kamu tiba di stasiun besok
I should not be pick up when you arrive at the
station tomorrow (-)
- saya tidak akan sedang sudah menjemput
ketika kamu tiba di stasiun besok
should you be pick up when I arrive at the
station tomorrow ? (?)
- apakah kamu akan sedang sudah menjemput
ketika saya tiba di stasiun besok ?

2. Present continuous Tense :
used for activity now
Rumus Present Continuous
Tense :
Positif (+):
subject + to be (am, is, are) +
Verb – ing + object
Negatif (-) :
subject + to be + not + verb – ing
+ object
interogative?) :
to be + subject + verb – ing +
object
Example :
I am watching TV now (+)
Mr. Khanafi is not going to
Jakarta (-)
Is Mrs. Annisa cooking in the
kitchen ? (?)
Past continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
- was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?
Contoh - Past Continuous tense :
He was sleeping when I came (+)
- Dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang
He was not sleeping when I came (-)
- Dia tidak sedang tidur ketika saya datang
Was he sleeping when I came ?
- apakah dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang ?
I was working all night yesterday(+)
- saya sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin
I was not working all night yesterday (-)
- Saya tidak sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
kemarin
were you working all night yesterday ?
- Apakah kamu sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
kemarin ?
Future continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object
Contoh – Future Continuous tense :
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
- saya akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
- saya tidak akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
- Apakah kamu akan sedang menonton film
nanti malam ?
Past Future Continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-
ing + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing +
object ?
Contoh – Past Future Continuous tense :
My brother would be finishing Thesis last
week (+)
- Kakakku akan telah sedang menyelesaikan
tesis minggu lalu
My brother would not be finishing Thesis
last week (-)
- Kakakku tidak akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu
Would your brother be finishing Thesis last
week? (?)
- apakah kakakmu akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu ?
Present Perfect Tense : used for
past activity until now.(pointed to
output)
Rumus :
Positif (+)
Subject + has / have + been + object
Subject + has / have + verb III +
object
Negatif (-)
Past Perfect Tense:
Rumus Past Perfect Tense :
Positif (+)
Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + verb III + object
Tanya (?)
Had + subject + verb III + object ?
Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement
Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement
Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III +
object
Past Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + have + been +
complement
Subject + should/would + have + verb III +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + have + been

3. Subject + has / have + not + been +
object
Subject +has / have + not + verb III
+ object
Tanya (?)
Have / has + Subject + verb III +
object
Have / has + subject + been +
object
Contoh :
I have been at home for a month (+)
Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate
already (-)
Has Mr. Imam been here since
06.00 ? (?)
Contoh - Past Perfect tense :
They had been here before 1945 (+)
- mereka telah berada disini sebelum tahun 1945
They had not been here before 1945 (-)
- mereka belum berada disini sebelum tahun 1945
Had they been here before 1945 ? (?)
- apakah mereka telah berada disini sebelum
1945 ?
She had gone to Amsterdam when I called her (+)
- dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku
meneleponnya
She had not gone to Amsterdam when I called her
(-)
- dia belum pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku
meneleponnya
Had she gone to Amsterdam when you called
her ?
- apakah dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika
kamu meneleponnya ?
Keterangan waktu (Adverb of time) yang umum
digunakan dalam past Perfect tense ini : after, before,
already, as soon as, just, yet, until, till, by the time
that.
Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + been + complement
Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object ?
Contoh – Future perfect tense :
I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow
morning (+)
- saya akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini sampai
besok pagi
I will not have been in this hospital until
tomorrow morning (-)
- saya tidak akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini
sampai besok pagi
Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow
morning ? (?)
- apakah kamu akan telah berada disini sampai
besok pagi ?
Majid will have rented my house next month (+)
- Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan
depan
Majid will not have rented my house next month
(-)
- Majid tidak akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan
depan
Will Majid have rented my house next month ? (?)
- apakah Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku
bulan depan ?
+ complement
Subject + should/would + not + have + verb
III + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + have + been +
complement ?
Should/would + subject + have + verb III +
object ?
Contoh – Past Future Perfect tense :
My mother should have been here at nine
o’clock tomorrow (+)
- Ibu saya akan sudah berada disini jam 9
besok
My mother should not have been here at
nine o’clock tomorrow (-)
- Ibu saya tidak akan sudah berada disini
jam 9 besok
Should your mother have been here at nine
o’clock tomorrow ? (?)
- Apakah ibu kamu akan sudah berada disini
jam 9 besok ?
Mar’i would have worked in leading
companies next month (+)
- Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di perusahaan
ternama bulan depan
Mar’i will not have worked in leading
companies next month (-)
- Mar’I tidak akan sudah bekerja di
perusahaan ternama bulan depan
Will Mar’i have worked in leading
companies next month ? (?)
- Apakah Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di
perusahaan ternama bulan depan ?

4. Present Perfect continuous Tense
: used for past activity until now.
Adverb of time that used “for” and
“since”.
Rumus :
Positif (+)
Subject + has / have + been + verb-
ing
Negatif (-)
Subject + has / have + not + been +
verb-ing
Interogative (?)
Has/have + subject + been + verb-
ing ?
Contoh :
I have been watching TV for two
hours (+)
He has been playing football since
elementary school(+)
Marina has not been learning
english for two years (-)
Have you been reading a book for
an hour ? (?)
Past Perfect continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Had + subject + been + object ?
Contoh Past Perfect Continuous tense :
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
- Dia telah tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-)
- dia belum tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
- apakah dia telah tinggal di Jakarta selamat 10
tahun ?
Perbedaan antara Present Perfect Continuous and
Past Perfect Continuous adalah :
Present Perfect Continuous mengungkapkan
tindakan yang terus berlanjut sampai sekarang
sedangkan Past Perfect Continuous tidak.
Future Perfect continuous Tense:
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-
ing + object
Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing +
object ?
Contoh – Future Perfect Continuous tense :
My grandmother will have been visiting us
tomorrow morning (+)
- nenek saya akan telah sedang mengunjungi kami
besok pagi
My grandmother will not have been visiting us
tomorrow morning (-)
- nenek saya tidak akan telah sedang mengunjungi
kami besok pagi
Will your grandmother have been visiting you
tomorrow morning? (?)
- apakah nenek kamu akan telah sedang
mengunjungi kamu besok pagi ?
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + have + been +
verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + have + been
+ verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + have + been +
verb-ing + object ?
Contoh – Past Future Perfect Continuous
tense :
I would have working in leading companies
for 10 years (+)
- Aku akan sudah sedang bekerja di
perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
I would not have working in leading
companies for 10 years (-)
- Aku tidak akan sudah sedang bekerja di
perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
Would you have working in leading
companies for 10 years ? (?)
- apakah kamu akan sudah sedang bekerja di
perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun ?