Tenses

Apa itu Tenses ?
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu. Tenses
berhubungan erat dengan verb (kata kerja), dan verb merupakan
predikat dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris. Karena itu, memahami tenses
merupakan keharusan bagi siapapun yang ingin belajar bahasa Inggris.

1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth) dan
aktivitas yang biasa dilakukan (di masa lalu, masa sekarang dan masa
yang akan datang).
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + to be (is/am/are) + C.
(-) S + to be (is/am/are) + not + C.
(?) To be (is/am/are) + S + C?

Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan Simple
Present Tense (Rumus 1)
1. (+) Ahmad Dahlan is our hero.
(-) Ahmad Dahlan is not our hero.
(?) Is Ahmad Dahlan our hero?
2. (+) Jokowi is a President of Indonesia.
(-) Jokowi is not a President of Indonesia.
(?) Is Jokowi a President of Indonesia?

1. Simple Present Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O.
(-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O.
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + O?

1. (+) She comes to my house.
(-) She does not come to my house.
(?) Does she come to my house?
2. (+) They work at that office.
(-) They do not work at that office.
(?) Do they work at that office?

2. Simple Past Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dilakukan di waktu
tertentu di masa lampau.
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + to be (was/were) + C.
(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + C.
(?) To be (was/were) + S + C?

Past Tense (Rumus 1)
1. (+) They were here last night.
(-) They were not here last night.
(?) Were they here last night?
2. (+) He was here 2 years ago.
(-) He was not here 2 years ago.
(?) Was he here 2 years ago?

2. Simple Past Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + V2 + O.
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O?

Past Tense (Rumus 2)
1. (+) Jessica saw me two weeks ago.
(-) Jessica did not see me two weeks ago.
(?) Did Jessica see me two weeks ago?
2. (+) George came to my house last night.
(-) George did not come to my house last night.
(?) Did George come to my house last night?

3. Simple Future Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di waktu
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + will + be + C.
(-) S + will + not + be + C.
(?) Will + S + be + C?

Future Tense (Rumus 1)
1. (+) He will be a lawyer next month.
(-) He will not be a lawyer next month.
(?) Will he be a lawyer next month?
2. (+) Anies Baswedan will be a Minister of Education on October
2014.
(-) Anies Baswedan will not be a Minister of Education on
October 2014.
(?) Will Anies Baswedan be a Minister of Education on October
2014?

3. Simple Future Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + will + V1 + O.
(-) S + will + not + V1 + O.
(?) Will + S + V1 + O?

Future Tense (Rumus 2)
(+) They will come next Sunday.
(-) They will not come next Sunday.
(?) Will they come Next Sunday.
(+) The Beatles will come to America next year.
(-) The Beatles will not come to America next year.
(?) Will The Beatles come to America next year?

4. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang dikerjakan saat ini.
Rumus :
(+) S + to be (is/am/are) + V-ing + O.
(-) S + to be (is/am/are) + not + V-ing + O.
(?) To be (is/am/are) + S + V-ing + O?

Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan Present
Continuous Tense
1. (+) His father is reading a newspaper now.
(-) His father is not reading a newspaper now.
(?) Is his father reading a newspaper now?
2. (+) Mr. Nur is teaching English now.
(-) Mr. Nur is not teaching English now.
(?) Is Mr. Nur teaching English now?

5. Past Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang dikerjakan di masa
lalu.
Rumus :
(+) S + was/were + V-ing + O.
(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing + O.
(?) Was/were + S + V-ing + O?

Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan Past
Continuous Tense
1. (+) Jack was writing a novel between May and June.
(-) Jack was not writing a novel between May and June.
(?) Was Jack writing a novel between May and June?
2. (+) John was sending a postcard between Sunday and Tuesday.
(-) John was not sending a postcard between Sunday and
Tuesday.
(?) Was John sending a postcard between Sunday and Tuesday?

Future Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang dikerjakan di masa
yang akan datang.
Rumus :
(+) S + will + be + V-ing + O.
(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing + O.
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing + O?

Contoh kalimat yang menggunakan Future
Continuous Tense
1. (+) Eva will be teaching French at 10.00.
(-) Eva will not be teaching French at 10.00.
(?) Will Eva be teaching French at 10.00?
2. (+) Freddie Mercury will be singing at 8 p.m.
(-) Freddie Mercury will not be singing at 8 p.m.
(?) Will Freddie Mercury be singing at 8 p.m.?

7. Present Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dikerjakan di masa
lampau (tanpa keterangan waktu yang jelas), atau dari dulu hingga
sekarang.
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + have/has + been + C.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + C.
(?) Have/has + S + been + C?

Perfect Tense (Rumus 1)
1. (+) His son has been here for two weeks.
(-) His son has not been for two weeks.
(?) Has his son been here for two weeks?
2. (+) I have been in Solo for two years.
(-) I have not been in Solo for two years.
(?) Have I been in Solo for two years?

7. Present Perfect Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + have/has + V3 + O.
(-) S + have/has + not + V3 + O.
(?) Have/has + S + V3 + O?

1. (+) David has seen the movie before.
(-) David has not seen the movie before.
(?) Has David seen the movie before?
2. (+) She has listen the song before.
(-) She has not listen the song before.
(?) Has she listen the song before?

8. Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dikerjakan sebelum
aktivitas lain di masa lampau
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + had + been + C.
(-) S + had + not + been + C.
(?) Had + S + been + C?

1. (+) He had been a beggar before living there.
(-) He had not been a beggar before living there.
(?) Had he been a beggar before living there?
2. (+) Mr. Ahok had been a leader before live in Jakarta.
(-) Mr. Ahok had not been a leader before live in Jakarta.
(?) Had Mr. Ahok been a leader before live in Jakarta?

Past Perfect Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + had + V3 + O.
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O.
(?) Had + S + V3 + O?

1. (+) The lecture had begun when he arrived.
(-) The lecture had not begun when he arrived.
(?) Had the lecture begun when he arrived?
2. (+) The meeting had begun when the manager come.
(-) The meeting had not begun when the manager come.
(?) Had the meeting begun when the manager come?

9. Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dikerjakan setelah aktivitas
lain di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus 1 :
(+) S + will + have + been + C.
(-) S + will + not + have + been + C.
(?) Will + S + have + been + C?

1. (+) She will have been a widow for two years by 2010.
(-) She will not have been a widow for two years by 2010.
(?) Will she have been a widow for two years by 2010?
2. (+) He will have been a teacher for six years by 1990.
(-) He will have not been a teacher for six years by 1990.
(?) Will he have been a teacher for six years by 1990?

9. Future Perfect Tense
Rumus 2 :
(+) S + will + have + V3 + O.
(-) S + will + not + have + V3 + O.
(?) Will + S + have + V3 + O?

1. (+) Our teacher will have lived here for five years by 2011.
(-) Our teacher will not have lived here for five years by 2011.
(?) Will our teacher have lived here for five years by 2011?
2. (+) Mr. Obama will have lived in White House for ten years by
2009.
(-) Mr. Obama will not have lived in White House for ten years by
2009.
(?) Will Mr. Obama have lived in White House for ten years by
2009?

10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dikerjakan dari dulu hingga
sekarang (masih berlangsung).
Rumus :
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + O.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O?

Perfect Continuous Tense
1. (+) Peter has been working since 1999.
(-) Peter has not been working since 1999.
(?) Has Peter been working since 1999?
2. (+) Bim-bim has been Slank’s drummer since 1983.
(-) Bim-bim has not been Slank’s drummer since 1983.
(?) Has Bim-bim been Slank’s drummer since 1983?

11. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang masih berlangsung
sebelum aktivitas lain di masa lalu.
Rumus :
(+) S + had + been + V-ing + O.
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing + O.
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing + O?

1. (+) He had been sleeping for an hour before you called.
(-) He had not been sleeping for an hour before you called.
(?) Had he been sleeping for an hour before you called?
2. (+) She had been going for an hour before you come.
(-) She had not been going for an hour before you come.
(?) Had she been going for an hour before you come?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang masih berlangsung
sebelum aktivitas lain di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus :
(+) S + will + have + V-ing + O.
(-) S + will + not + have + V-ing + O.
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing + O?

1. (+) His mother will have been cooking for an hour by the time he
arrives.
(-) His mother will not have been cooking for an hour by the time
he arrives.
(?) Will his mother have been cooking for an hour by the time he
arrives?
2. (+) He will have been cleaning the room for an hour before she comes.
(-) He will not have been cleaning the room for an hour before she
comes.
(?) Will he have cleaning the room for an hour before she comes?

Silahkan terjemahkan kalimat-kalimat ini ke dalam
bahasa Inggris ! (Please translate this sentences
into English!)
1. Saya pergi ke Solo dua minggu yang lalu.
2. Ibu saya sedang sakit.
3. Saya sedang membersihkan ruangan itu.
4. Mobil ayah saya sedang diperbaiki.
5. Paman saya datang ke rumahku kemarin.

Tenses

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