16 Tenses

1. TENSES :
HOW TO UNDERSTAND
16 KINDS OF TENSES
IN EASIEST WAY
English Class
By : Abdul Rasyid, S.Pd. (insya Allah)

2. What is tenses?
Tenses merupakan perubahan
bentuk kata kerja berdasarkan
keterangan waktu dan sifat
kegiatan atau kejadian.
Misalnya :
Learn/Learns (V1/V1+s/es) - Learning (V-Ing) -
Learned (V2) - Learned (V3)
Write/Writes (V1/V1+s/es) - Writing (V-Ing)
- Wrote (V2) - Written (V3)

3. Jenis - Jenis Tenses
- Simple Present
- Present Continuous
- Present Perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous
- Simple Future
- Future Continuous
- Future Perfect
- Future Perfect Continuous
- Simple Past
- Past Continuous
- Past Perfect
- Past Perfect Continuous
- Past Future
- Past Future Continuous
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect Continuous

4. Sifat Kejadian dari Penggunaan Tenses
1. Simple Present : Aktivitas sekarang (sehari - hari), Kebenaran umum.
2. Present Continuous : Aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung sekarang
3. Present Perfect : Aktivitas yang sudah terjadi tetapi masih berlangsung atau dirasakan efeknya
sampai saat ini
4. Present perfect continuous : aktivitas yang telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lampau, atau
tindakan yang sudah dimulai di masa lalu, tetapi tindakan tersebut masih terjadi/berlanjut sampai
masa sekarang.
5. Simple Past : Aktivitas yang terjadi di masa lampau
6. Past Continuous : Aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.
7. Past perfect : aktivitas yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
8. Past Perfect Continuous : aktivitas yang sudah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung pada masa lampau
(dengan durasi waktu tertentu) tapi sudah tidak terjadi lagi saat ini.

5. Sifat Kejadian dari Penggunaan Tenses
9. Simple Future : aktivitas yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang
10. Future Continuous : aktivitas yang akan sedang terjadi di masa yang akan datang
11. Future Perfect : aktivitas yang akan telah diselesaikan di masa yang akan datang
12. Future Perfect Continuous : aktivitas yang akan telah diselesaikan dan terus
berlanjut/terjadi di masa yang akan datang
13. Past Future : aktivitas yang akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau
14. Past Future Continuous : aktivitas yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu lampau
15. Past Future Perfect : aktivitas yang akan telah dilakukan pada waktu lampau
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous : aktivitas yang akan telah dilakukan dan masih
berlanjut pada waktu lampau

6. 1. Simple Present vs Simple Past (Masa kini vs Masa Lalu)
Vs
S + V1 S + V2
(+) I Read book every day
(-) I do not read book every day
(?) Does she read book every day?
(+) I studied English yesterday
(-) I did not study English yesterday
(?) Did you study English yesterday?
/V1+(s/es)

7. Notes :
- Verb
1. Verb 1 : I, You, They, We, etc (Plural subject)
2. Verb 1 + (s/es) : He, She, it, etc (Singular subject)
- To be (Do/Does)
1. Do : I, You, They, We, etc (Plural subject)
2. Does : He, She, it, etc (Singular subject)

8. 2. Present Continuous vs Past Continuous (Apa yang sedang
terjadi sekarang dan sedang terjadi di masa lalu)
Vs
S + To be (Am/Is/Are)
+ V-Ing
S + To be (Was/Were)
+ V-Ing
(+) I am watching TV now
(-) They are not watching TV now
(?) Is he watching TV now?
(+) Mr. Gibran was eating banana
(-) They were not eating banana
(?) Was he eating banana?

9. Notes :
- To be (Am/Are/Is)
1. AM : I
2. Are : You, They, We, etc (Plural subject)
3. Is : He, She, It, etc (Singular subject)
- To be (Were/Was)
1. Were : I, You, They, We, etc (Plural subject)
2. Was : He, She, it, etc (Singular subject)

10. 3. Present Perfect & Past Perfect (Apayang telah terjadi
sekarang dan sedang terjadi di masa lalu)
Vs
S + To be (Have/Has) + V3 S + Had + V3
(+) My parents have lived in Gowa since
1990
(-) My parents have not lived in Gowa
since 1990
(?) Have your parents lived in Gowa
since 1990?
(+) He had finished the homework
before he went to bed
(-) He had not finished the homework
before he went to bed
(?) Had H
e finished the homework
before he went to bed?

11. Notes :
- To be (Have/Has)
1. Have : I, You, They, We, etc (Plural subject)
2. Has : He, She, it, etc (Singular subject)

12. 4. Present Perfect continuous & Past Perfect continuous Ap
a yang
telah sedang terjadi sekarang dan sedang terjadi di masa lalu)
Vs
S + Have/Has + Been + V-ing
(+) I have been learning Japanese for 1 year
(-) I have not been learning Jaanese for 1
year
(?) have you been learning Japanese for 1
year?
(+) I had been working at the international
hospital for five years when he got the promotion.
(-) I had not been working at the international
hospital for five years when he got the promotion
(?) had you been working at the international
hospital for five years when he got the
promotion?
S + Had + Been + V-ing

13. 5. Simple Future and Past Future
Vs
S + will + V1
(+) I will go to Makassar tomorrow
(-) I will not go Makassar tomorrow
(?) Will you go to Makassar tomorrow
(+) I would come if you invited me
(-) I would not come if you did not
invite me
(?) would you come if I invited you?
S + would + V1

14. 6. Future Continuous and Past Future Continuous
Vs
S + will + be + V-ing
(+) I will be working at 7 AM tomorrow
morning
(-) I will not be working at 7 AM tomorrow
morning
(?) Will you be working at 7 AM tomorrow
morning
(+) I would be studying if I had time
yesterday
(-) I would not be studying if I had
no time yesterday
(?) would you be studying if you had
time yesterday?
S + would + be + V1-ing

15. 7. Future Perfect & Past Future Perfect
Vs
S + will + have + V3
(+) I will have finished my IT Project
next week
(-) I will have not finished my IT Project
next week
(?) will you have finished your IT Project
next wee ?
(+) I would have graduated if I had studied
hard
(-) I would have not graduated if I had not
studied hard
(?) would you have graduated if you had
studied hard?
S + Would + Have + V3

16. 8. Future Perfect continuous & Past Future Perfect continuous
Vs
S + will + have + been
+ V-ing
(+) I would have been working at the
office if I was accepted
(-) I would have been not working at
the office if I was accepted
(?) w
ould you have been working at
the office if you were accepted
(+) I will have been studying german by the
end of this year
(-) I will have not been studying german by
the end of this year
(?) Will you have been studying german by the
end of this year?
S + would + have + Been
+ V-ing

17. Change this sentence : I study English

18. Rangkuman Rumus
1. Simple Present : S + V1/V1+(s/es)
2. Present Continuous : S + To be (Am/is/are) + V-ing
3. Present Perfect : S + To be (Have/Has) + V3
4. Present perfect continuous : S + To be (Have/Has) + been + V-ing
5. Simple Past : S + V2
6. Past Continuous : S + To be (Was/Were) + V-ing
7. Past Perfect : S + To be (Had) + V3
8. Past Perfect Continuous : S + To be (Had) + been + V-ing
9. Simple/Present Future : S + Will + V1
10. Present Future Continuous : S + Will + Be + V-ing
11. Present Future Perfect : S + Will + To be (Have) + V3
12. Present Future Perfect Continuous : S + Will + To be (Have) + Been + V-ing

19. Rangkuman Rumus
13. Past Future : S + Would + V1
14. Past Future Continuous : S + Would + Be + V-ing
15. Past Future Perfect : S + Would + To be (Have) + V3
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous : S + Would + To be (Have) + Been + V-ing

20. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
See you next time