This document contains information about active tenses and discusses various tenses used in the English language, including present, present continuous, present perfect, and others. It provides the function, time signal, and patterns for each tense. It also contains a sample discussion text on the topic of gene splicing and the structure and features of discussion texts. The document is a study material for a group of four students named in the first section. It covers tenses and writing structures to help with their English learning.

1. GROUP 2
Name of Group :
1. Abdul AzizMuhammad (01)
2. Ayu Arivian C. (05)
3. Intan Permatasari (16)
4. Muh. Fahmi Ridho (19)
XII IPA.7

2. ACTIVE TENSES

3. PAKET 1

4. 1. PRESENT TENSE
Function:
Untuk menyatakan fakta,kebiasaan,dan kejadian yang
terjadi pada saat ini.
Time Signal :
X X X X X X X X X X X
past
now
future

5. Pattern
(+)
Kezia eats pete
(-)
Kezia doesn’t eat pete
(yes/no?)
Does Kezia eat pete ?
(wh?)
Why does Kezia eat pete ?
Subject + V1 + s/es + O
Subject + do/does + not + V1+O
WH + do/does + Subject + V1 + O ?
Do/does + Subject + V1 + O ?

6. 2. PRESENT CONTINOUS
Function :
Untuk kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang
Time Signal :
X X
start
now
Finish?
In progress

7. Pattern
(+)
Ajeng is eating rawon
(-)
Ajeng isn’t eating rawon
(yes/no?)
Is Ajeng eating rawon?
(wh?)
Why is Ajeng eating rawon?
Subject + to be(is,am,are) + Ving + O
to be(is,am,are) + Subject + Ving + O ?
WH + to be(is,am,are) + Subject + Ving + O ?
Subject + to be(is,am,are) + not + Ving + O

8. 3. PRESENT PERFECT
Function :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau situasi yang telah
mulai dimasa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
tertentu dimasa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Time Signal :
X X
(time?)
X X
X XX
X X

9. Pattern
(+)
Andik has eaten soto
(-)
Andik hasn’t eaten soto
(yes/no?)
Has Andik eaten soto ?
(wh?)
Why has Andik eaten soto ?
Subject + have/has + V3 + O
Wh + have/has + Subject + V3 + O ?
have/has + Subject +V3 + O ?
Subject + have/has + not +V3 + O

10. 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS
Function :
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai
pada suatu titik dimasa lalu atau kegiatan telah
dimulai dimasa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai
sekarang .

11. Pattern
(+)
Agung has been eating gudeg
(-)
Agung hasn’t been eating gudeg
(yes/no?)
Has Agung been eating gudeg?
(wh?)
Why has Agung been eating gudeg?
Subject + have/has + been + Ving + O
WH + have/has +Subject + been + Ving + O ?
have/has + Subject + been + Ving + O ?
Subject + have/has + not + been + Ving + O

12. PAKET 2

13. 5. Simple Past Tense
Function :
 Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau,
dan sudah selesai di masa lampau.(tidak lagi
dilakukan dan waktunya tertentu)
 Menyatakan kebiasaan, tapi di masa
lampau.(sekarang tidak lagi)
Time Signal :
X

14. PATTERN
(+)
Mahida ate rendang
(-)
Mahida did not eat rendang
(YES/NO ?)
Did Mahida eat rendang ?
(WH ?)
When did Mahida eat rendang ?
Subject + Verb2 + O
Subject + did not + Verb1 + O
Did + Subject + Verb1 + O ?
WH + did + Subject + Verb1 + O ?

15. 6. Past Continous
Function :
Menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di
masa lampau.
Time Signal :
XX

16. PATTERN
(+)
Bagus was eating sate.
(-)
Bagus was not eating sate.
(YES/NO ?)
Was Bagus eating sate ?
(WH ?)
When was Bagus eating sate?
Subject + was/were + Ving + O
Subject + was/were +not + Ving + O
Was/Were + Subject + Ving + O ?
WH + was/were + Subject + Ving + O ?

17. 7. Past Perfect Tense
Function :
 Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah terjadi
tapi“telah”-nya ada di masa lampau.
 Menyatakan perbuatan yang telah terjadi
sampai waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

18. PATTERN
(+)
Chika had eaten gulai.
(-)
Chika had not eaten gulai.
(YES/NO ?)
Had Chika eaten gulai ?
(WH ?)
When had Chika eaten gulai ?
Subject + had + Verb3 + O
WH + had + Subject + Verb3 + O ?
Had + Subject + Verb3 + O ?
Subject + had + not + Verb3 + O

19. 8. Past Perfect Continous
Function :
Menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi terus menerus
di masa lampau.

20. PATTERN
(+)
Uki had been eating salad.
(-)
Uki had not been eating salad.
(YES/NO ?)
Had Uki been eating salad?
(WH ?)
When had Uki been eating salad?
Subject + had been + Ving + O
WH + Had + Subject + been + Ving+ O ?
Had + Subject + been + Ving + O?
Subject + had not been + Ving + O

21. PAKET 3

22. 9. Present Future Tense
Function :
 Menyatakan peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
 Menyatakan janji di masa depan
Time Signal :
X

23. Pattern
( + )
Dania will eat pecel
( - )
Dania won’t eat pecel
( yes/no? )
Will Dania eat pecel ?
(wh?)
Why will Dania eat pecel ?
Subject + Shall / will + V1 + O
Subject + Shall / will + not + V1 + O
Shall / will + subject + V1 + O?
WH + Shall / will + subject + V1 + O ?

24. 10. Present Future Continous Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan segera
sedang terjadi nanti.

25. Pattern :
( + )
Dhini will be eating rujak
( - )
Dhini won’t be eating rujak
( yes/no? )
Will Dania be eating rujak ?
(wh?)
Why will Dhini be eating rujak ?
Subject + Shall / will be + Ving + O
Subject + Shall / will + not +be + Ving + O
Shall / will + subject +be + Ving + O?
WH + Shall / will + subject +be + Ving + O ?

26. 11. Present Perfect Future Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan selesai di
waktu yang akan datang.

27. Pattern
( + )
Enfi will have eaten spaghetti
( - )
Enfi won’t have eaten spaghetti
( yes/no? )
Will Enfi have eaten spaghetti?
(wh?)
Why will Enfi have eaten spaghetti?
Subject + Shall / will + have + V3 + O
Subject + Shall / will + not + have + V3 + O
Shall / will + subject + have + V3 + O?
Wh + Shall / will + subject + have + V3 + O ?

28. 12. Present Perfect Future Continous Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan lamanya suatu aktivitas di waktu
yang akan datang sebelum aktivitas lain terjadi.

29. Pattern
( + )
Eriska will have been eating sandwich
( - )
Eriska won’t have been eating sandwich
( yes/no? )
Will Eriska have been eating sandwich?
(wh?)
Why will Eriska have been eating
sandwich?
Subject + Shall / will + Have + Been + Ving + O
Subject + Shall / will + Not + Have + Been + Ving + O
Shall / will + Subject + Have + Been + Ving + O ?
WH + Shall / will + Subject + Have + Been + Ving + O ?

30. PAKET 4

31. 13. Past Future Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan
dilakukan / akan terjadi di masa lampau, tetapi
dalam keadaan waktu yang akan datang (tinggal
kenangan).

32. Pattern
( + )
Fahmi would eat pizza
( - )
Fahmi wouldn’t eat pizza
( yes/no ? )
Would Fahmi eat pizza ?
(wh)
Why would Fahmi eat pizza ?
Subject + would + V1 + O
Subject + would + not + V1 + O
Would + Subject + V1 + O?
Wh + would + Subject + V1 + O?

33. 14. Past Future Continous Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu kejadian / peristiwa
akan berlangsung, tetapi dalam kurun waktu yang
telah lampau.

34. Pattern
( + )
Grace would be eating gado-gado
( - )
Grace wouldn’t be eating gado-gado
( yes/no? )
Would Grace be eating gado-gado ?
(wh?)
Why would Grace be eating gado-gado ?
Subject + would + be + Ving + O
Subject + would + not + be + Ving + O
Would + subject + be + Ving + O ?
Wh + would + subject + be + Ving + O ?

35. 15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan sudah terjadi
di masa lampau.

36. Pattern
( + )
Fennita would have eaten bakpao
( - )
Fennita wouldn’t have eaten bakpao
( yes/no? )
Would Fennita have eaten bakpao?
(wh?)
Why would Fennita have eaten
bakpao ?
Subject + would + have + V3 + O
Subject + would + have + V3 + O
Would + subject + have + V3 + O ?
Wh + would + subject + have + V3 + O ?

37. 16. Past Perfect Future Continous Tense
Function :
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan sudah
sedang terjadi di masa lampau.

38. Pattern
( + )
Firas would have been eating batagor
( - )
Firas wouldn’t have been eating batagor
( ? )
Would Firas have been eating batagor?
(wh)
Why would Firas have been eating batagor?
Subject + should / would + have + been + Ving + O
Subject + should / would + not + have + been + Ving + O
Should / would + subject + have + been + Ving + O ?
Wh + should / would + subject + have + been + Ving + O ?

39. DISCUSSION TEXT

40. Social Function:
To present (at last) two point of view about an issue
General Structure :
1. Issue
2. Arguments : - Pro
3. - Contra
4. Conclusion or Recomendation
Significant Grammatical Features :
1. Focus on generic human and generic non-human Participants
2. Use of
3. Material Processes: e.g. has produced, have developed, to
feed
4. Relational Processes: e.g. is, could have, cause, are
5. Mental Processes: e.g. feel
6. Use of Comparative: contrastive and Consequential
conjunction
7. Reasoning expressed as verbs and noun (abstraction)

41. Gene Splicing
Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities.
Scientists are now able to create new forms of life in the laboratory due to
the development of gene splicing.
One of the hand, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly
benefit mankind.
For example, because it is very expensive to obtain insulin from natural
sources, scientists have developed a method to manufacture it in
expensively in the laboratory.
Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in agriculture
Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using
nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food production
could be increased. in addition, entirely new plants could be developed to
feed the world’s hungry people.
Not everyone is excited about gene splicing, however. Some people feel
that it could have terrible consequences.
A laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of an
unknown that could wipe out humanity.
As a result of this controversy, the government has made rules to control
genetic experiment. While some members of the scientific community feel
that these rules are too strict, many other people feel that they are still not
strict enough

42. General Structure
ISSUE :
Scientists are now able to create new forms of life in the
laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.
ARGUMENT PRO :
1. The ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly
benefit mankind.
2. New plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air
instead of from fertilizer.
3. Food production could be increased.
ARGUMENT CONTRA :
A laboratory accident might cause an epidemic of an unknown
that could wipe out humanity.
CONCLUSION :
The government has made rules to control genetic experiment.

43. “Thanks For Your
Attention”
