COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGS

29/5/2014 PBT-510 Biosafety,IPR and Bioetics {2+0} 1

COURSE TITLE:- BIOSAFETY, IPR AND BIOETHICS.
COURSE NO:- PBT 510 (2+0)

INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF MDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
COMMERCIAL COSMETIC PRODUCT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
USES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
RELEASES VARIETIES AND PATENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
COMMERCIALISATION OF DRUGS.
COMPANIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN PROCUREMENT, PROCESS AND MARKETING OF
MEDICINAL HERBS IN KARNATAKA
WEBSITE LINKS.

• The age-old traditional knowledge attached with the various forest types and the varieties of forest products
(i.e., medicinal plants) have gained remarkable significance in the present century specially for drugs
discovery. Furthermore, the cosmetic industries are also using more and more natural ingredients in their
products, and these natural ingredients include extracts of several medicinal and aromatic plants.
• India and China are two of the largest countries in Asia, which have the richest traditional system of
medicines such as Ayurveda, Siddha, traditional Chinese medicines, etc that uses a large number of
medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs).
• In addition, MAPs are also essentially important as alternate income-generating source to the
underprivileged communities living in forests. Therefore, strengthening this sector may benefit and improve
the living standard of farmers as well as forest dwellers.
• The current rising demand of herbal drugs is unfortunately creating heavy pressure on some selected high-
value medicinal plant populations in the wild due to over-harvesting. Several of these medicinal plant
species have slow growth rates, low population densities and narrow geographic ranges, therefore they are
more prone to extinction.
• Farming of the medicinal plants thus, is an alternative option to save these species as well assuring quality
raw drug to the industry. There are many challenges before the farmers of MAPs. Information on the
propagation of MAPs is available only for less than 10% and agro-technology is available only for 1% of the
total known plants globally. This trend illustrates the need for developing good agricultural practices (GAP)
with WHO as the principal thrust area for research.
Introduction:-

• Farming would also benefit the industry in getting uniform raw material, from which products of
consistent quality can be manufactured. Cultivation also permits genetic improvements for improved
variety and improved quality control through GAP.
• The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) wisely recognized the growth potential of this newly
emerging herbal sector way back in 1992 by creating a National Research Centre for Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants at Anand, Gujarat which has been rechristened to Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants Research (DMAPR) by backward linking of its outreach programme, the All India Coordinated
Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine (AICRP-MAPB).
• The DMAPR continues to contribute in this sector in the very basic link of quality raw drug supply by
research or area of agriculture which is as important as drug discovery. Research, thus in quality raw drug
supply sector demands for varietal improvement, development of good agricultural practices for assuring
end quality, quality assessment, quality supply of planting material, fixing of standards, certification, etc.
The emerging challenges and opportunities demand for an innovation driven research system using
modern tools of ICT, biotechnology, molecular biology, biochemistry, etc to link with all the stakeholders in
the entire MAP supply chain.

CURRENT STATUS:-
• In2012 -2013(Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research,Anand) these crops was in
research and getting acheivements and used commercially like Aloe barbadensis Mill.) •Ashwagandha
(Withania somniferaDunal.)• Giloi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook f. & Thoms. )•Guggal
(Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari)•Isabgol (Plantago ovate Forsk.)• Lemongrass (Cymbopogon
flexuosus Nees ex. Steud Wats.)•Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Stapf. Var. motia)•Safed musli
(Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau & Fernades)• Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl).
• In 2011-2012 CSIR –(Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ,lucknow)The efforts are also
directed towards finding the safety limits of herbal preparation products. Some of the achievements of
the department over the last few years are -
• Development of a novel plant system as biosensor for detecting the bioactive molecules and
environmental hazards through distinct responses.
• Active against vancomycin resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. (VRSA) .
• Identification of novel anti-tuberculosis agents from Curcuma longa and Curcuma amada.
• Genetic screen of bacterial and fungal with knocked out or suppressed function for screening
phytochemicals as antimicrobials, bioavailability enhancer of antibiotic, vitamins and anticancer drugs.

Continued:-
• Niaziridin a new nitrile glycosidefrom Moringa oleifera.
• Glycyrrhizin form Glycyrrhiza glabra.
• Lysergol from Ipomea muricata.
• Indian Traditional Knowledge based formulation coded as “IVT-15” for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• Mechanism of action of hepatoprotective molecule ‘CLIV-92’ earlier isolated from Cleome viscosa.
• CSIR – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Lucknow - India
expenditure Total 3766.205[in lakhs] in 2010-11and fund is provided by HRD but in 2011-2013
DMAPR[Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Boriavi, Anand invests capital 1716.82{ in lakhs}
but in 2012-2013 invests capital for research and achievements used commercially and fund provided by ICAR.
• From the source of National Medicinal Plant Board, New Delhi 6000-7000 Ayurveda, unani, homeopathy, siddha.
960 high traded species, 7263 Medicinal Plants of India.

Biodiversity of medicinal plants
Bryophytes (nonvascular
plants, e.g. liverwort and
moss) - 15,350 species.
Seedless vascular plants
(commonly called fern) -
12, 157 species
Gymnosperm - 760
species.
Angiosperm 250,0> 00
species
• Angiosperms (flowering
plants) were the original
source of most plant
medicines.

MEDICINAL PLANTS COMMON NAME EXTRACTED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
1. Aloe barbadensis
Family- Liliaceae.
Habitat- perennial herb
{peel bitter}curacao aloe or
Indian aloe or{thick skin}
Jaffarabad aloe or
{native}Barbados aloe.
Propagation-suckers
Cultivated by-Gujarat,
Rajasthan, MP, UP.
• Leaves contain
mucilage(polysaccharides) and
• leaf exudates contain aloin and aloe
emodine, mucilage has a cooling
and moisturizing action and hence
used in cosmetic industries.
• Aloin and aloe emodine are used as
pain killer and purgative.
Aloe Vera gel, Beauty-cream, cleanser,
Acne-n-Pimple Cream, Hair Care, Aloe
Vera Face Pack, Anti-Wrinkle Cream,
Protein Conditioner, Antiseptic Cream,
baby soap etc.
Medicinal Plants:- 1. Aloe barbadensis
Aloe barbadensis Aloe barbadensis flower Aloe barbadensis leaf Aloe barbadensis suckers Aloe barbadensis gel
Aloe barbadensis

Cosmetic Products of Aloe vera:-
Nature’s Essence Aloe Vera gel-
• it offer you a treatment moisturizing gel ideal for softening the skin.
• protecting it from sun damage, and acting as a guard and immunizing agent
against skin ailments like dry skin, acne, and itchy skin conditions.
• Produce by:- India, Dubai, Phillipines.
• The cream gives a fair look when applied. Does not stick much, but when you
rub your skin your fingers will find a layer of oil.
• It does not form a white layer over your skin, but you can feel your skin
carrying the creamy layer.
• Regular usage reduces the skin imperfections.
• Produce by- India
Patanjali-Beauty-cream-sealed-Patanjali-product-

Aloe Vera soothing cleanser-
• it is a cleansing product especially if you happen
to travel in a crowded and pollution-filled
environment.
• It is a soap free cleanser, with Aloe Vera extract
that hydrates and soothes the skin.
• This cleanser lathers away impurities, leaving the
skin feeling fresh and soothed.
• It is perfect for sensitive skin
• Produce by-Maharashtra (India)
Himalaya's Acne-n-Pimple Cream-
Acne (acne vulgaris, common acne) is a disease of the hair
follicles of the face, chest, and back that affects almost all
teenagers during puberty.
• It cure pimples and skin eruptions, healing infection while
keeping the skin soft and smooth.
• It has excellent astringent and cooling properties derived
from Lentil, Silk Cotton Tree and Five-leaved Chaste Tree
extracts, Barbados Aloe and Alum.
• Produce by:-MAKALI, BANGALORE

Aloe Vera Moisturizing Cream-
• This delicate cream, rich in Aloe Vera, is blended with natural and herbs
• It soften your skin and keep it lovely, smooth and glowing. pH balanced.
• Produce by- Canada
Natural proteins in Himalaya’s Protein Conditioner –
• Repair & Regeneration provide intensive conditioning for dry, or damaged hair.
• This conditioner gently repairs, regenerates and protects your hair from future damage,
keeping it healthy and soft and ingredients aloe vera and beans.
• Aloe Vera contains special enzymes that promote hair growth, leaving it revitalized from the
scalp. Bean Sprout provides added nutrition to lifeless hair, restoring split ends and shine.
• Produce by-MAKALI, BANGALORE

-
Product-Kleenzie-
• Aloe vera based liquid hand and face wash.
• It cleanses the skin and kills germs, revitalizing the skin leaving
it soft and moisturized.
• Kleenzie is an essential oil based herbal product, which gives no
any adverse effect on the normal skin.
• It is released by CSIR-CIAMP, Lucknow.
Aloe Vera Face Pack - Mumbai
CSIR-CIMAP institute produce the-
• skin care cream from aloe that is “HAloe Skin”product.
Uses of cream:-
• to cure cracks in heels, chapped hands, dry skin and eczema{batches on
skin} etc.
• The cream is non irritant and makes the skin soft and glowing.

Himalaya's soothing Antiseptic Cream-
• It contains Aloe Vera, Almond, Indian Madder and other natural
ingredients.
• It is an excellent treatment for cuts, wounds, burns, rashes, sores
and fungal skin infections.
Himalaya's Anti-Wrinkle Cream-
• it is a herbal formulation that works to delay wrinkles and tone up
facial skin.
• It is enriched with all the natural goodness of Aloe Vera, Grapes, Red
Poppy, Lemon and Sandalwood Tree extracts, which has Alpha Hydroxyl
Acids (AHAs), skin nutrients and Vitamin E. These combine to prevent
oxidative skin damage, skin laxity and appearance of wrinkles.
Himalaya’s Fairness Cream -
• It combines with natural ingredients like Persian Rose, Mandarin
Orange, Walnut and Aloe Vera.
• To tackle a dull, uneven complexion and clear dark spots and
discolored and pigmented skin.
• Its unique formulation ensures ease of application, faster
absorption and better nourishment to the skin.
• Produce by- MAKALI, BANGALORE
.

2. Centella asiatica Linn:-
MEDICINAL PLANTS COMMON NAME EXTRACTED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
2. Centella asiatica Linn.
Family- Hydrocotylaceae
Habitat-perennial herb
Mandukaparni, Indian
Pennywort{small round leaves
grow in marshy places} .
Cultivation- India and Sri lanka
Propagation- runners as well
as by seeds.
• Fresh leaves contain a
glucoside asiaticoside and
Asiatic acid. Vellarine,
pectic acid and resin
present in roots and leaves.
. Asiaticoside,
indocentelloside and than
kuniside are the major
glycosides which are used
in cholera, ulcers,
bronchitis, leucorrhoea and
leprosy.
gray hair and balding, Facial
Serum,
Eye Contour Care, elimination
of scar tissue, healing of skin
cells ,face cream , Eye Gel ,
anti-aging face mask etc.
Indian Pennywort Indian Pennywort flower Indian Pennywort fruits Indian Pennywort seeds Indian Pennywort runners

Cosmetic Product of Centella asiatica:-
Facial Serum –
• It is a combination of Centella, Banana flower and Shiso extracts.
• It helps promote elasticity of skin, resulting in a decrease in wrinkles and
enhance skin radiance.
• Centella Asiatica extract stimulates the synthesis of collagen and rebuild skin’s
network.
• Banana flower extract, rich in Mucilages, Phytosterols and Cycloterpene
derivatives, stimulates the production of collagen and soothes the skin.
• Shiso extract moisturizes and helps protect the skin from premature aging
caused by harmful environment
• Produce by- Hangzhou, China
Healthy Hair-
• It combines powerful detoxifying herbs that remove excess pitta from
the body that lead to healthy hair growth.
• Its main ingredient, Bhringaraj, is known as “the ruler of the hair,” for its
historical use as a rejuvenative for the scalp and hair.
• Healthy Hair cleanses the liver, helping the body support hair growth,
while providing the nutrients that lead to a thick, lustrous head of hair.
• Produce by- Hangzhou, China

Eye Gel -
• It helps you to maintain area of the face young, Light and non-greasy.
• it is soon absorbed, provides precious nourishing substances and gives a
fresh sense of well-being, capable of fading the problem of bags and
circles.
• Produce by- US
Day cream with Gotu Kola Stem Cells-
• it help your skin fight environmental damage and free
radicals, and 1% Chlorella Growth Factor, shown to support
collagen and elastin fibers.
• Protects against free radical damage.
• For normal to dry skin.
• Produce by-New York, USA.

Centella Asiatica Ampoule-
• For clean, taut, healthy skin, look no futher than Pure Heal's Centella
90 Ampoule.
• it formulated with 90% Centella Asiatica extract and ampoule
{capsule with liquid} will hydrate and nourish your skin, tighten
pores, brighten complexions, soothe troubled spots, and reduce the
appearance of wrinkles.
• Produce by- Korea
SUNDARI Gotu Kola & Indian Asparagus Mask-
• It is a anti-aging moistened solid for your skin.
• SUNDARI Gotu Kola & Indian Asparagus Mask delivers a power-
packed punch of peptides and tightening botanicals to firm and
repair the skin.
• It brings hydration and renewal kin to stressed, lackluster skin,
transforming it to bright and beautiful again.
• Produce by- Salt Lake City, Utah. United States.

In vitro enhancement of biomass and centelloside production in multiple shoot cultures
of Centella asiatica by biotic elicitation with peptone-Peptone at various concentrations
was found to elicit biomass as well as total centelloside production in in vitro multiple
shoot cultures of Centella asiatica. The high growth Index (GI 446) and maximum
centelloside (12 mg/gm dwt) was obtained after 20 days old cultures with 0.02%
peptone. Centelloside are used in cholera, ulcers, bronchitis, leucorrhoea and leprosy.
Development of biosynthetically active and high frequency multiple shoot proliferation
from axillary shoots and direct rhizogenesis induced root morphotypes of Centella
asiatica - A protocol has been developed for the generation of biosynthetically active and
high frequency multiple shoot regeneration from Centella asiatica. Rhizogenesis of these
under different hormonal conditions resulted in different morphotypes ranging from long
green root type to the short bushy and white type. Combinations of BAP and kinetin were
able to produce highest number of multiple shoots in one month growth period and also
produced asiaticoside, the medicinally important phytochemical. Incorporation of 14C
labeled sucrose into the multiple shoots indicate that they were biogenetically active.
Asiaticoside are used in cholera, ulcers, bronchitis, leucorrhoea and leprosy.
Source :-CSIR- CIMAP, Lucknow Annual Report.
Transformation in Centella asiatica:-

3. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn:-
Medicinal Plants Common name Extraction Commercial products
3. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
Family- Papilionaceae.
Habitat- perennial herb
Propagation- seeds,
cuttings of both by root
and stem and by tissue
culture.
Jethimadh, Yasthimadhu,
Jesthimadhu or Mulahati ,
licorice{in English root are
sweet,a juice made from
root, which usedin medicine
and sweet}
Cultivation- Baramulla,
Srinagar, Jammu, Dehradun,
Delhi, Anand, Indore and
Bangalore.
• stems and roots contain 5-20
per cent saponin like glycoside
glycyrrhizin which has healing
effect on peptic ulcers and
coumarine compounds -
herniarin and umbelliferone
and flavours liquiritin,
liquiritigenin, isoliquirtin and
isoliquiritigenin and glycosides-
liquiritoside, isoliquiritoside
are present.
Complexion Whitening Face
Wash, Barrier Repair
Moistutizer, Protein Shampoo
, Baby Lotion, licorice Skin
Whitening Cleanser, licorice
Skin whitening soap, Care
fairness face wash , Cold
Cream With Licorice etc.
29/5/2014 PBT-510 Biosafety,IPR and Bioetics {2+0} 20Glycyrrhiza glabra licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra flower Glycyrrhiza glabra fruits Roots
Glycyrrhiza glabra seeds

Cosmetic Product of Licorice:-
“Himalaya's Clear Complexion Whitening Face Wash”-
• It removes dark spots, cleanses and clarifies impurities, revealing a
clear, radiant and even complexion and ingredients of Pomegranate,
Saffron , Licorice , White Dammer.
LICORICE EXTRACT-RESIST BARRIER REPAIR MOISTURIZER WITH RETINOL-
• This lotion smoothes out skin, reduces fine lines and leaves skin looking
and acting younger.
• Anti-Aging cream and removes Wrinkles
• Retinol makes skin look younger
• Antioxidants stimulate collagen production
• Produce by- Seattle, Washington. US

Himalaya's Protein Shampoo –
• It provide strength, reduced hair fall and protection from everyday damage.
• It gently cleanses and provides hair with its daily dose of proteins.
• It also keeps your hair soft, smooth and healthy and
o ingredients provide rich protein like Chickpea and Indian Gooseberry provide
natural protein nourishment to your hair and licorice prevent loss of hair.
o Produce by -MAKALI, BANGALORE
Himalaya’s Baby Lotion-
• It keeps your baby's skin soft and supple and protects it from
infection.
• The ingredients are Olive Oil, Almond Oil, Licorice gently
moisturize delicate skin, leaving it soft all day long.
• Produce by -MAKALI, BANGALORE

Licorice Skin whitening soap:-
Produce by-Barakhamba Road New delhi.
Lotus Herbals, LICORICE WHITE Skin Whitening Cleanser-
• It controls melanin make the skin glow with fairness.
• Regular use of LICORICEWHITE makes skin visibly whiter and effectively
works to remove blemishes.
• It contains premium ingredients like Licorice (Mulathi) and Manjishtha in
their purest form“.
• Produce by- Solan. HP
Avon Care fairness face wash-
• It cleanses up dirt, excess oils and lipids without
over drying the skin, leaving skin clean,
refreshed, soft & smooth with glow. Formulated
with Licorice extract.
• Produce by-India, Dubai, Phillipines.

Meladerm® skin lightning product-
• It make skin lightener/brightener.
• 10 active ingredients obtained from natural extracts such as
Mulberry, Licorice, Lemon, Emblica (Indian Gooseberry) and
Bearberry plants (Apha Arbutin).
• This product also contains Kojic Acid which offers antibacterial,
antifungal and antioxidant properties .
• Produce by- Warrenville, United States.
Facial Radiance Pads-
• Brighten the skin with a combination of lactic and glycolic acids,
lemon peel and licorice root. Cucumber and Indian gooseberry
tone the skin.
• Produce by- US
Avon Care Fairness Cold Cream With Licorice.
Produce by-80 Feet Rd Bangalore

MEDICINAL PLANTS Common name Extraction Commercial
products
4. Azadirachta indica
Family- Meliaceae
Habitat-tropical
trees .
Propagation- Seed
root and shoot
cuttings.
Neem tree,{bark
contain margosine
chemical} Margosa
tree, Indian
lilac{Small tree},
White
cedar{wood,fragrant},
Paradise tree, China
berry or Crack Jack.
Cultivation-India
,Siwalik hills in the
dry forests of Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
and Karnataka.
• leaves contain minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron
and phosphorus; protein, vitamin A, crude firbe,
carbohydrate, fat and alkaloids like quercetin,
nimbosterol (ß-sitosterol), azadirachtin, nimboflavone,
nomicinol and used to cure diseases of bladder, kidney
and eyes; for curing skin diseases.
• The trunk bark contains a resin, nimbin, nimbinin,
nimbidin, essential oil, tannins, the bitter principle
margosine, desa-acetyl nimbin, inorganic phosphorus,
sulphur, iron etc. The bark are useful in fever, thirst,
nausea, vomiting, skin diseases, scorpion and snake bites.
• The flowers contain nim bosterol, nim bosterol,
kaempferol, quercetin, myrcetin, nimbosterin, nim
bosterol, nimocetin, fatty acids and a highly pungent
essential oil. bark possess marked antibacterial spectrum
against Gram-ve and Gram+ve bacteria.
Herbals neem
wash, Purifying
Neem Face Wash,
Neem Foaming
Face Wash, Neem
& Turmeric Soap,
Anti-Dandruff
Shampoo,
Purifying Neem
Scrub etc.
29/5/2014 PBT-510 Biosafety,IPR and Bioetics {2+0} 25NEEM TREE NEEM LEAVES NEEM FLOWER NEEM BARK NEEM FRUITS NEEM SEEDS

MEDICINAL
PLANTS
Common
name
extraction Commercial
products
Percentage
neem oil
from seed-
45%.
• fruit is rich in carbohydrates and used as a substrate in methane gas
generation.
• Seeds contain calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, an amorphous
morgosopicrin; diacetylnimbin, thionemone, azadirachtin, salanin, nimbin-
ß, vilasimin, azadirachtol, nimbine, 6-deacetyl nimbinine, nimbanidol,
nomolicinol, salannotide, meliacin-4epinimbin, nimlin, desaccetyl nimbin
etc. seed meal contains all the essential amino acids.
• Oil are greenish-yellow to brown in colour and has strong characteristic
garlic like odour. oil contains salannin, meliaantriol, azadirachtin, 7-
acetylneotri-chilenone, azadiradione, azadirone, 6-desacetyl-embinene, 17
epiazadiradione, epoxyazadiradione, framinellone, genunin, meldenin,
melianone, nimbanidol, nimbidinin, nimbinene, nimbinin nimbolide,
nimbolin, salannol, vepinin, volasinin etc. oil used in stimulative, antiseptic
and alterative effect also used for massage of the body and possess anti-
inflamatory properties. it is an active remedy against boils and ulcers.
29/5/2014 PBT-510 Biosafety,IPR and Bioetics {2+0} 26NEEM SEEDSNEEM FRUITSNEEM FRUITS
NEEM OIL

Cosmetic Product of Neem:-
Lotus herbals neem wash-
• It is combination of neem and clove which removes
surface oils, dirt and pollutants.
• It contains active neem extract and neem slices
which provide excellent anti bacterial protection to
skin.
• Produce by- Bangalore, New Delhi, Singapore
Himalaya's Purifying Neem Face Wash-
• It is a soap-free, herbal formulation that clears impurities and helps
clear pimples.
• A natural blend of Neem and Turmeric bring together their
antibacterial and antifungal properties to prevent the recurrence of
acne over time.

Himalaya's Purifying Neem Foaming Face Wash-
• It is developed after extensive research, is a combination of Neem, Turmeric and
Vetiver.
• Neem is well-known for its antibacterial, antiviral and germicidal properties, which
help control acne, pimples and prevents their recurrence.
• Turmeric has antiseptic characteristics and soothes the skin.
• Vetiver cools the skin and has antibacterial properties.
Himalaya's Neem & Turmeric Soap –
• Ingredients neem and turmeric mix together and keep your skin protected
at all times.
• The extracts of Neem, Lemon and Turmeric, which contain antibacterial
and antifungal properties, protect your skin from harsh environmental
conditions.

Lotus Herbal Neem Active Neem & Reetha Anti-Dandruff Shampoo-
• It Cleanses Hair & Delivers Moisturizing Proteins.
• It rich in Soya Proteins & Brahmi that Leaves Hair Shiny & Lustrous.
• Soya proteins that gives rich lather to leave the Hair & Scalp Dirt
Free.
• Produce by- Bangalore, New Delhi, Singapore.
Purifying Neem Scrub-
• It is formulated from neem and apricot that give you clear, problem-free
skin, this scrub works with a dual exfoliation and purifying action.
• Neem, well-known for its purifying and antibacterial properties, kills
problem-causing bacteria. Combined with exfoliating Apricot granules, it
gently scrubs away blackheads, dead skin cells and embedded impurities,
leaving your skin, soft, clear, refreshed and problem-free.

Neem Oil-
• This is an Indian oil that has been used for thousands of years, it is
used in making cosmetics, it is used as an insecticides, cures skin
disorders, it is also anti-fungal, used as contraception, as an immune
booster.
• Produce by- MUMBAI, INDIA
HIMALAYA NEEM FACE PACK-
• Neem is well known for its antibacterial properties, it helps control acne
and pimples by regulating the secretion of excess sebum while
cleansing clogged pores. Turmeric acts as an antiseptic and improves
complexion.
• Suitable for oily and problematic
Aloe Veda Neem & Tulsi Hand and Body Lotion with Sunscreen-
• Calming, soothing and enriched with naturally moisturising
ingredients such as Aloe Vera Gel, Cocoa Butter, Neem, Tulsi
Extracts and Almond Oil that moisturise the skin, leaving it smooth
and supple.
• Produce by- Periyar nagar, Chennai

Importance of medicinal plants:-
Low Cost.
No Side Effect.
Easily Available.
Permanent Relief.
Increases Resistance.
Cultivation Highly Profitable.
Taken as fresh and dried as well.
Foreign exchange earner.

AROMATIC PLANTS
Tagetes Peppermint
geranium
Khus grass Davana
Lemongrass
Palmarosagrass
Organic geranium oil
Huk Natural Platinum Facial Kit

AROMATIC PLANTS:-
Tagetes
Geranium
VETIVER
Davana
Lemongrass
Peppermint
Palmarosa
Tagetes Geranium Geranium with flowers.
Khus grass
Davana Davana
Lemongrass Lemongrass
Peppermint
Palmarosa

Medicinal Plants Common name Exracted Commercial
products
1. Tagetes minuta Linn.
Family- Asteraceae
Tagetes oil, Tagetes.
Cultivation-Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir and Uttar
Pradesh.
Propagation-direct
sowing of seeds , raising
the seedlings in the
nursery.
• oil is present in its leaves 0.8% , flowers1.0 % and
seeds while, stem is devoid of any oil.
• flower oil contain of three monoterpene ketones
namely dihydrotagetone, tagetone and
ocimenone are the major constituents.
• at full blooming - oil yields are maximum, three
monoterpne ketones was found as
dihydrotagetone (45-60%), tagetone (15-25%)
and ocimenone (20-30%).
• oil exhibits bronchodialatory, tranquilising,
hypotensive, spasmolytic and anit-inflamonatory
activities
Attar, Tagetes oil, Lip
Scrub, Massage Bar,
Skin' facial cleanser,
Bare Skin etc.
MEDICINAL PLANTS:- 1. Tagetes minuta Linn.
TGETES MINUTA TGETES FLOWER TGETES LEAF TGETES SEEDS TGETES OIL

Cosmetic Product of Tagetes:-
Attar Majmua:-
• It is derived from tagetes oil which are used in making
attar.
• Produce by-India.
Tagetes oil-
• It is used an antiseptic, antibiotics, sedatives{induce
sleeping}. therefore it is also used as a massage oil for
the treatment of various skin conditions to get relief
from insomnia{habitual sleepiness} and it also used also
cream and lotion.
• Produce by-India.

Lush Charity Pot Review-
• It is a lotions which the skin-softening by cocoa butter and almond oil to make your skin
feel lovely, and it contains- water(aqua), almond oil( prunus dulcis), fair-trade organic
cocoa butter(theobroma cacao), glycerine, stearic acid, ylang ylang oil (cananga odorata),
geranium oil(pelargonium graveolens), tagetes oil(tagetes minuta), trithanolamine, cetyl
alchol, gerniol, cintronllol, linalool*,limonene* perfume, gardenia extract(gardenia
jasminodies)methylparaben, proplyparaben.
• Produce by- Auckland, New Zealand.
Lush Sweet Lips-
• It smells like creamy milk chocolate. Vanilla extract keeps your lips moist, castor
sugar gently exfoliates, and the rich, deep fragrance of cocoa absolute gives the
irresistible touch. And it contains- castor, Sugar, Organic Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia
chinensis), Vanilla Extract (Vanilla planifolia), Cocoa Absolute (Theobroma cacao),
Tagetes Oil (Tagetes minuta), Flavour.

Friends With Benefits Massage Bar-
• It combined with african tagetes oil and Cocoa Butter which are used massage bar
and it gives healing and soothing properties.
• Produce by-Ireland.
Lush Cosmetic Lad Facial Moisturizer:-
• It is a moisturizer which has healing and soothing properties.after
shaving.
• It derive from Chamomile extract, marigold and chickweed and cocoa
butter.
• It removes irritations and remove dry and red areas.

Lush's 'Angels on Bare Skin' facial cleanser-
• Tagetes oil works as a sedative, an insecticide, an antiseptic and
disinfectant.
• It helps to protect the skin from bacteria and parasites and calms
skin problems such as dermatitis and it contains- Ground Almonds,
Glycerine, Kaolin, Water, Lavender Oil, Rose Absolute, Chamomile
Blue Oil, Tagetes Oil, Benzoin Resinoid, Lavender Flowers, Limonene
and Linalool.
Lush - Angels On Bare Skin:-
• It is a is a creamy cleanser and it does not produce foam
and prevent the skin from drying.

Genetic transformation studies in Tagetes through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-
• Genetic transformation studies in Tagetes through Agrobacterium rhizogenes were performed for generating
transgenics and producing secondary metabolites.
• In case of Tagetes roots were induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in vitro grown plants.
• More than 80% explants showed root initiation after 15 days of infection. These roots were grown in liquid
MS media and showed profuse growth.
• SOURCE- CSIR-CIMAP, LUCKNOW.

Medicinal Plants Common name Exracted Commercial products
2. Pelargonium graveolans
Family- Geraniaceae.
Geranium oil, Geranium,
rose geranium{oil
contain strong rose like
odour}.
Cultivation- mainly in
Nilgiris and Kodaikanal
Hills of Tamil Nadu and
Bangalore.
Propagation- Terminal
cuttings.
• Geranium oil extracted from leaves and
stalk , geranium oil also contains -pinene,
ß-pinene, terpinene, myrcene, -
phellandrene, limonene, cis-ocimene,
trans ocimene, p-cymene, terpinolene,
cis-roseoxide, trans-rose oxide, menthone,
trans-linalool, iso-menthone,
caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, nerol,
geranyl formate, gernayl butyrate,
geraniol .
• But major constituent of geranium oil is
geranial and citronellol.
• It is used in making scenting soaps and
high grade perfumes.
Lipstick, ROSE GERANIUM
Face & Body Gel Scrub,
ROSE GERANIUM LIP
BALM, moisturizer, anti-
dandruff herbal shampoo
, Platinum Facial Kit etc.
2.Pelargonium graveolans:-
PBT-510 Biosafety,IPR and Bioetics {2+0} 40GERANIUM GERANIUM FLOWER
GERANIUM LEAF GERANIUM OILGERANIUM T. CUTTINGS

Cosmetic Product of Pelargonium graveolans:-
Organic geranium oil-
• it is a skin care oil which protect from drying and it heals the skin and preventing the
formation of red scar.
• It derive from Citronellol, geraniol, linalool.
• Country of Origin ~ Egypt / South Africa
Perfect Rouge Tender Sheer - Rose Geranium
Achieves elegant, light and beautiful lips through translucent, dewy colour,
silky radiance and a glamorous full look.
Produce by –New Zealand

Fabindia Rose Geranium Face & Body Gel Scrub-
• It is a gel scrub which derive from rose petals and geranium oil.
• The rose petals have a cooling effect while geranium oil detoxifies the
skin.
• It is very effective on rough skin over elbows, knees, etc. and works
well on the foot too.
BALM BALM ROSE GERANIUM LIP BALM-
• It is a which are used in the lip and protect the lip from crack and drying.
• Produce by- UK

Rose geranium face moisturizer-
• It makes the skin soft and has antioxidant property and diminish the sign of
aging and makes the skin silky and smooth.
• Produce by- Atlanta City, US.
Rose Geranium Soap-
• It is a scent soap will brighten your spirits as you clean, tone
and moisturize your skin.
• It derive from essential oil of Egyptian rose geranium.
Palmarosa, another rosy-scented essential oil, which
produce more aroma.
• Produce by- Columbia, New York.

Anti-dandruff herbal shampoo-
It is a natural conditioner which protect the hair from dandruff.
Oil of geranium as an active constituent is detrimental against
the dandruff aggravating species of fungi. Formulation is safe,
non-toxic, leaving a good conditioning effect and making the
hair soft and silky.
It is produced by CSIR-CIAMP, Lucknow.
Huk Natural Platinum Facial Kit-
• Facial kit derive from Platinum Dust, Geranium Oil, Sandalwood Oil,
Wheat germ Oil & Aloe Vera. It purifies, brightens and polishes skin.
• Platinum particles present in the facial detoxify and leaves the skin youth.

Transformation in Biosynthetic Pathways:-
Volatile monoterpene oil biosynthesis in rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.)-
• Monoterpene biosynthesis in rose scented geranium has been shown to involve non-
mevalonate pathway of isoprenogenesis. We have cloned deoxyxylulose-5- phosphate
synthase (dxs) gene from its leaves, dxs gene being the committed and regulate pathway.
• Monoterpene biosynthesis are produced the monoterpene oil like geranial, Citronellol,
linalool and nerol from the leaves.

Medicinal Plants Common name Exracted Commercial products
3. Vetiveria zizanioides. Linn
Family- Poaceae
vetiver, khus , "Khus Khus"
khus grass. means aromatic
root., khus oil.
Cultivation- Kerala, East
Godavari and Kurnool districts
of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh and Haryana States.
Propagation- seeds or root
slips
• Oil extracted from root.
• And root contains like
Khusol, Khusone, Khusene
etc.
• Oil is widely used in
perfumeris, cosmetics, and
for scenting of soaps.
natural khus powder, Khus
Soap, Body Wash, Skin
Lightening Gel, shampoo,
vetiver scents etc.
3. Vetiveria zizanioides. Linn:-
KHUS GRASS KHUS FLOWER KHUS SEEDS KHUS ROOTSLIPS KHUS OIL

Cosmetic Product of Vetiveria zizanioides:-
Vaadi Herbals Royal Indian Khus Soap-
• It manufacture from khus, Olive & Soybean Oil
• Soap has rejuvenating {restoring} property.
• It promotes the re-growth of skin cells; which helps in removal of
dead cells, fading of marks as well as in bringing newer, softer,
younger skin to the surface.
• Produce by- Mumbai.
Natural khus powder-
• The roots of Vetiver and leaves are used in making khus powder.
• Produce by- USA.

VETIVER & ALOE VERA Purnaturals Body Wash-
• Stimulating shower gel body wash, based on aloe vera & vetiver
formulations.
• It is a body wash gel with zero chemicals.
• it is one of its kind, it cleanses & leaves your skin revitalized
• Produced by- Koramangala ,Bangalore.
Fair’e Mulethi-Khus Skin Lightening Gel-
• It derive from Vetiver roots.
• It is a light textured gel helps to fade away dark patches and spots.
Vetiver roots promote skin regeneration and rejuvenate the sun
damaged skin cells for a visibly fairer and radiant skin.
• Produce by-Singapore

Herbal shampoo-
• It contains Amla, Reetha, Shikakai, Heena Bhringraj
and Khus as active ingredients.
• Safe, nontoxic and environment friendly.
• It is produced by CSIR-CIAMP,Lucknow.
Lalique’s Encre Noir (the guy’s version)-
• it is a Attar derive from southern US type of vetiver.
• Produce by- San Diego, United States

Production of Antimycobacterial phytomolecule “Khusimol” from Vetiveria zizanioides-
• A phytomolecule khusimol was identify which act as antibacterial agent from the plant Vetiveria zizanioides.
• Khusimol active against virulent strain H37Rv of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Khusimol, in in-vitro assay was observed to inhibit the super coiling induction activity of bacterial.
• Source- CISIR-CIMAP,lucknow
Development of high yielding varieties of khus (Vetiveria zizanoides)-
• Ten superior clones with oil content above 2.2% in replicated trial.
• Developed polycross progenies were evaluate their fresh root yield and oil content again.
• Fresh root yield and oil content ranged from 0.50 – 70.7g/ plant and 2.2 – 2.96 percent, respectively against check
(Gulabi-1.76, Kesari-1.04, Dharni-1.92, KS1-2.03%).
• Progenies have been raised through seeds for evaluation.
• Source- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand.

Khusimol:-
• It is a Sesquiterpenes(derived from three isoprene units) organic
molecule.
• It is isolated from the roots of vetiver.
• It is a major component of the oil of vetiver, which is used to prepare
certain high value perfumes.

Medicinal Plants Common name Extracted Commercial products
4. Artemisia annua
Family- Asteraceae
Habitat- annual aromatic
herb
Davana, Davana oil.
Cultivation- Kashmir
valley, Shimla
Hills and Nainital Hills,
Karnataka, Maharastra,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu and
Andhra Pradesh.
Propagation-seeds.
• Leaves and flowers contain essential oil
and produce aroma.
• Flowers and leaves oil contain aroma
and it is due to sesquiterpene ketone
called cis-davanone.
• Flowers and leaves oil contain
sesquiterpene ketone named
`artemone', sesquiterpenoids named
`davanafurans' and another ketone
named`isodavanone‘ and is used in high
grade perfumes and cosmetics.
Davana oil, wormwood oil,
antibacterial soap etc.
4. Artemisia annua:-
DAVANA DAVANA FLOWER DAVANA SEEDS
DAVANA OIL

Cosmetic Product of Artemisia annua:-
Davana oil-
• It is produced by process of steam distillation of the herb called Artemisia annua.
Davana oil is prepared from unopened flower petals and unbroken stems.
• The oil itself has a unique aroma and healing properties which are used widely in
cosmetic and aromatherapy {aromatic plant extracts and essential oils for therapeutic
purposes} and pharmaceutical industries respectively.
• Produce by- Planters Company, Bangalore.
Davana oil-
• Davana Oil is one of the important essential oil which are used for the
manufacture of perfumes, flavours and cosmetics.
• Davana oil is prepared from unopened flower petals and unbroken stems.
• Produce by- Hosur. Tamil nadu

Wormwood oil-
• It is prepared from woody stems {bitter in taste} of leaf or
flower ,olive oil, vinegar or water.
• It will be given on the skin in case of insect bites, scrapes
and sunburn.
• Produce by- LJP Nagar, New Delhi
Folium Artemisia Oil-
• It can be used to add in skin care products and
making, perfume and other related detergent.
• Place of Origin- Shanghai China (Mainland)

.
Natural ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA Oil-
• It remove acne, blocked pores and anti-imflammation .
• It relieve from relieving fever and pain and hair care.
• Produce by- china
Abaan argy wormwood leaf essential oil antibacterial soap-
• It keep skin clear, tender, soft, elastic.
• Gentle your sensitive skin, with luxurious foam clear your
lather.
• It developed for nourishing and nutrition for the skin. It can
penetrate into the surface skin cells support skin with
natural nutrition.
• Place of Origin:- Zhejiang China (Mainland)

5. Cymbopogons flexuosus
Family- poaceae
lemon grass, lemon oil grass.
Cultivation- Kerala, nothern
district of Travancore and
Cochin, Assam, Maharastra,
parts of Uttar Pradesh,
Jamind etc.
Propagation- seeds, rooted
slips.
• Leaves and Shoot of lemongrass
produce oil.
• Lemongrass oil contain myrcene
(0.02%), p-cymene (0.04%),
terpinene (0.60%), beta terpineol
(0.40%), alpha terpineol (2.25%),
triphenyl acetate (0.90%), borneol
(1.90%), geraniol + nerol (1.50%),
citral-b (27.7%), citral-a(46.60%),
farnesol (12.80%), farnesal (3.00%).
• lemongrass oil is mainly used in the
manufacture of perfumes for soaps,
hair oils, scents and medicines.
Body Scrub, in Skincare
product, Blackhead
Whitehead Controller, face
Mask, body oil etc.
5. Cymbopogons flexuosus:-
LEMON GRASS LEMON GRASS SHOOT LEMON GRASS FLOWERS LEMON GRASS ROOT SLIP LEMON GRASS OIL

Cosmetic Product of Cymbopogons flexuosus:-
.
Body Recipe Lemongrass-
• It is a Skincare lotion which has anti-aging
property and make the skin smooth and soft.
• Produced by- Philippines
Naturopathica Lemongrass Mimosa Body Scrub-
• It is a massaging cream of the body skin it does not
produce foam.
• it derive from thick walnut shell powder and shea
butter based paste that’s creamy.
• Produce by-southwest pacific
• Naturopathica means alternative medicine is
prepared based on the theory that diseases can be
successfully treated and prevent use of drugs. Ex-
exercise, control of diet, massage.

BiON Blackhead Whitehead Controller-
• It dissolves sebum plugs that developed into
blackheads {a plug of sebum in a hair follicle,
darken due to oxidation} and whiteheads{a pale
and white topped pustule(pimple with pus) on
the skin} and inhibits the development of new
plugs.
• If acne is also present, use the
Blackhead/Whitehead Controller.
• Produce by- Redding, Canada.
Young Living’s Purification-
• Purification can be used directly on the skin to cleanse and
soothe{reduce pain} insect bites, cuts, and scrapes{injury or mark}.
• It is mix with Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), lemongrass
(Cymbopogon flexuosus), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis),
Melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia) lavandin (Lavandula x hybrida),
and myrtle (Myrtus communis).
• Produce by- Singapore

.
Body Shop Nutriganics Smoothing Mask -
• It is a deep cleansing mask that leaves skin feeling silky and smooth.
• Produce by- South America.
Biotique citronella refreshing body oil-
• Moisturising body oil and remove acne and red areas.
• Produce by- India, New delhi.

Transformation:-
Genomic manipulation in Cymbopogons-
• The raw autotetraploid clone developed for the Lemongrass (C. khasianus) clone. “Suwarna”has
been screened for cytological purity and progressive polyploid stability.
• Source- DMAPR, Anand.
Polyploidy breeding in Cymbopogons-
• Genetically stable clones developed in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Citronella (C.
winterianus), Palmarosa (C. martinii), and geraniol rich species namely C. nardus (clone CN-5)- C.
jwaruncusha x confertiflorus, all with 2n=20, 4x=40, and Cymbopogon khasianus x pendulus –
clone CKP-25 (2n=60, 4x=120) were evaluated in the randomized block design.
• It Observed that the tetraploid of C. flexuosus, clone ‘Krishna’ and clone ‘Pragati’, auto-
tetraploids of C. winterianus clone Bio-13, and CIM- Jeeva, and the auto-tetraploids of geraniol
rich species, C. nardus {clone CN-5}-C. jwaruncusha x confertiflorus, and C. winterianus exhibit
superior oil yield and oil content.
• Source- DMAPR, Anand.

6. Mentha piperita L.
family- Laminaceae
Propagation- stolons
or suckers.
Peppermint(aromatic leaves),
peppermint oil and (M.spicata L.-
separmint or garden mint), (M.citrata
Ehrh.- bergamot mint or orange
mint(oily substances obtain variety of
Seville orange) . (Mentha arvensis- corn
mint(yellow flower plant common
weed of cornfields) or Field mint or
Japanese mint).
Cultivation-Japanese mint- Tarai region
(Nainital, Badayun, Bilaspur, Rampur,
Moradabad and Bareilly), Indo-
Gangetic Plains (Barabanki and
Lucknow) and parts of Punjab
(Ludhiana and Jalandhar).
• Peppermint oil is extracted
from leaves. Pepper mint
oil contain 35-50 per cent.
• Menthol other constituents
are menthyl acetate (14-
15%), menthone (9-25%)
menthofuran and terpenes
like pinene and limonene.
• It is used in flavouring of
pharmaceuticals and
preparations of tooth
pastes, dental creams,
mouth washes, in cough
drops, chewing gums,
confectionery and alcholic
liquors.
Lip Balm, Peppermint Brown
Sugar Scrub, refreshing
soothing essential oils,
Peppermint & Aloe Soap,
Shampoo, Body Wash etc.
6. Mentha piperita L.:-
PEPPERMINT PEPPERMINT FLOWERS PEPPERMINT STOLON PEPPERMINT OIL

Cosmetic Product of Mentha piperita:-
Beeswax Lip Balm Tube –
• It is a natural lip balm is loaded with coconut and sunflower oils, rich in
vitamins and essential fatty acids, to nourish and soften lips. Beeswax
seals in hydration, even peppermint oil added for a refreshing
tingle(stinging sensation).
• Produce by- Canada.
Soothing Touch Herbal Therapy Peppermint Brown Sugar Scrub-
• It is a combination of peppermint oils and brown sugar produces natural
fatty acids, which lock in moisture, prevent from drying, diminish the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and leave skin silky smooth.
• Produce by-Conshohocken, USA.

Nubian Heritage, Peppermint & Aloe Soap-
• It is a combination of Aloe, Shea Butter(small tropica African
trees bears oily nuts like-Vitellaria paradoxa, Butyrospermum
parkii), Peppermint oil, baking soda, Almonds.
• It is an effective cleanser for skin conditions. The oxygen
action of baking soda makes the skin smooth and soft and
Peppermint oil give aroma stimulates the senses. Crushed
Almonds add antioxidant and gentle exfoliation to this rich
lathering, invigorating and skin soothing .
• Produce by- US.
Mentha Piperita 100 refreshing soothing essential oils-
• It is used in the acne / FACIAL and have antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory property.
• Cosmetic features-Purity, Odor, Psychological effect,
Absorbance, Skin effect.
• Produce by- China.

.
Intelligent Nutrients Harmonic Shampoo-
• It is a conditioner for all hair types.
• It is used in extremely dry hair, skip shampoo
and cleanse with conditioner.
• Produce by- Orgeon, US.
Nubian Heritage, Body Wash
• It is derive from Peppermint & Aloe With Baking Soda.
• It has Anti-Inflammatory property and make skin smooth
and soft.
• It is suitable for Oily to Normal Skin.
• Produce by- USA.

Transformations:-
Genetic improvement in Mentha piperita-
• Fifty progenies were raised from different seed and stocks of Mentha piperita evaluate their oil yield
potential.
• Out of 50, only 8 seed progenies showed high oil yield potential than their seed parents at first
instance.
• The strain MPH-1,mint variety CIMAP- Patra, showing oil yield potential of about 60-65 kg/ha with
menthofuran content 46% in its oil,
• It has been released and licensed to AM Todd Company Limited Veer Nariman Road, Mumbai
(Birendra Kumar).
• Source- DMAPR. Anand.
Identification of high yielding clone in Mentha arvensis/ Japanese mint –
• Menthol mint clone MBB- 1022 has been identify and evaluated that oil content 0.8% and 78 – 80
% menthol in the off season crop.
• Clone MBB-1022 is suitable for growing in late kharif season after the harvest of main crop.
• Source- DMAPR. Anand.

7. Cymbopogon martini
Family- Poaceae
Rosha grass' or `Russa
grass‘, Palmarosa oil
grass.(shoots)
Cultivation-Madhya
Pradesh, Maharastra
and Andhra Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, Andhar
Pradesh, Jodphur
(Rajasthan),
Karnataka,
Maharastra, Madhya
Pradesh.
Propagation- nursery
raised seedlings, root-
cuttings, root slips.
• Oil of Palmarosa is obtained from shoots and
above ground parts.
• Oil of palmarosa chiefly contains 70-80 per cent
geraniol and other constituents present in the oil
are pinene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cinene, ß-
terpinene, n-hexanol, prenyl-isovalerate, amyl
hexanoate, linaool, prenyl hexanoate, ß-
caryophyllene, neryl formate, geranial, gernyl
acetate, nerol, prenyl octanoate, geranyl
butyrate, geranyl isovalerate, 6,7-geranyl
exposide, 2,3-geranyl epoxide, caryophyllene
epoxide, geranyl hexanoate; p-mentha, 1,8 (10)-
dien-9-yl-acetate, geranyl octonoate, p-mentha-
1,8 (10)-dien-9-01 etc.
• Oil of palmarosa is used in perfumery, flavouring
in tobacco and blending in soap and perfumes,
Palmarosa essential oil,
Face Scrub, skin and
bodycare oil, anti aging
cream, moisturizer
cream etc.
7.Cymbopogon martini:-
PALMAROSA GRASS PALMAROSA FLOWER PALMAROSA SEEDS PALMAROSA OIL

Cosmetic Product of Cymbopogon martini:-
Palmarosa essential oil-
• It has antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties.
• Oil could be used for acne, boils, shingles(severe pain), and skin issues
related to yeast or yeast overgrowth.
• Excellent oil for skin care, especially dry skin, wrinkles or lack luster
skin.
• Produce by- Lincoln, Nebraska, US.
Real Shaving Company Daily Face Scrub-
• It is a face scrub which is fight for acne and remove red
areas from skin makes skin soft and healthier.
• Produced by- New York, USA.

.
Organic Palmarosa oil-
• It is suitable for dry/hard skin and it helps retain
moisture and encourages natural sebum production.
Valuable in all types of skin care and also lightly
antiseptic.
• origin - Nepal and India.
Citronella Essential Oil-
• Citronella oil is produced from steam distillation and
aroma of oil uplifting the emotions and refreshing,
balancing and calming.
• Produce by- Burlington, Ontario. Canada

Snowberry Cellular Regeneration Night Cream-
• Snowberry Cellular Regeneration Night Cream is an
anti-aging night cream designed to naturally repair
skin by neutralizing free radicals.
• Produce by-New York, USA.
Palmarosa essential oil product-
• It is a combination of citronella oil and rose geranium oil.
• It is used in skin and hair care products. Suitable for all skin
types and it protects the hair and skin and is helpful with
skin regeneration.
• Produce by-Nazareth, Belgium.. Western Europe.

Uses of Essential Oils:-

PLANT VARIETIES RELEASED FROM CSIR-CIAMP,Lucknow {2010-2011}:-
Plant Name Variety Name Release Date
Menthofuran rich mint
(Mentha piperita L.)
CIMAP- Patra 25.9.2010
Stevia (Stevia
rebaudiana Bert.)
CIMAP- Madhu 29.1.2011
Stevia (Stevia
rebaudiana Bert.)
CIMAP- Ajay 29.1.2011

Stevia rebaudiana :-
Medicinal plants Common name Extacted Commercial products
Stevia rebaudiana
(Bertoni) Hemsl.
Family- Asteraceae.
Habitat- Slender
Perennial herb.
Stevia
Cultivation- USA,
Brazil, Japan,
Korea, Taiwan
and South East
Asia. Japan and
Korea (marshes
and grasses).
Propagation-
cuttings or seed
or by tissue
culture.
• leaves of steiva contain sweetening compounds
namely Stevioside (3-10%), Rebaudiside-A (13%),
Rebaudiside-B,C and six other compounds, which
have the insulin balancing properties.
• This sweetener imparts 250 times more sweetness
than table sugar and 300 times more than sucrose.
Stevia has become a potential alternative source by
replacing artificial sweetners like Saccharin,
Aspartane, Asulfam-k etc.
• stevia has been named as ‘calorie free bio-sweetener
of high quality’.
• Leaves of stevia imparts a pleasant flavour apart from
increasing sweetness of the product.
• It can be used in most of typical Indian dishes like
sakkare pongal, payasam, ravaladdoo, jam, juice, tea,
coffee etc.
• It can be used in herbal medicine and tonics for
diabetic patients. It can be used in tooth pastes and
mouth freshners as it has antibacterial and antifungal
properties. A wet stevia leaf bag placed over eyes for
a few mintues effectively tighten skin and smoothes
out wrinkles. Stevia has a healing effect on

Continued:-
Extracted
• It is used as aid in body
weight management and
weight losses. It also tends
to lower the elevated blood
pressure, incidents of colds
and flu.
• Glucoside groups are
removed from stevioside to
produce steviol. In
addition, it is also used in
the production of
Gibberellic acids from the
fungus Gibberella fujikuroi
mutants.
Stevia
Stevia flowers
Stevia fruits Stevia seeds

Cosmetic Products of Stevia:-
Sugar free herbvia 50Sachets-
• Sugar Free Herbvia is a perfect choice of Herbal Stevia
Sweetener for health and fitness conscious people who want
to control their calorie intake.
• It is also suitable for diabetics and obese people wanting to
reduce weight, the herbal way.
• Produce by- Gota, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Puresati Everyday Soothing Face Wash-
• With Stevia as an ingredient, this facewash is highly effective as anti acne
and for tightening of the facial skin.
• Honey and Apricot removes the tan and further nourishes the skin
respectively.
• Saffron cleanses and contains active compounds that help in reducing
scars, pigmentation, tan and acne marks. Its regular use will result in a
deep cleansed and radiant skin.
• Produce by- GreenRev Agro Private Limited Powai, Mumbai, India.

Stevia skin and hair care products-
• Stevia raw leaf powder when used in form of a face pack results in
visible difference in terms of tightening the skin of the face,
reducing fine lines and also reducing scars and pigmentation.
• It should be blended with Aloe Vera gel and rose water or milk to
form a paste and then kept applied over the face for about 20
minutes.
• Stevia also shows very positive results in reducing pigmentation.
Being anti bacterial, stevia is highly effective in healing skin
blemishes and acne and also it acts as a highly effective ingredient
for anti dandruff shampoo & hair conditioners.
• It is a good moisturizer, it also nourishes the scalp if used in hair
care products.
• Produce by-GreenRev Agro Private Limited Powai, Mumbai, India.
PYURE BRANDS: SWEET SUCCESS-
• Pyure has developed an organic stevia syrup substitute, nectür (right),
which, will act as a replacement for both honey and a maple flavors.
• it is blend 1:1 ratio with table sugar for baking and cooking needs.
• Produce by- Southwest Florida, US.

STEVIA SHAMPOO - FLORAL SCENT-
Ingredients- aqua, Sapindus Mukurossi Extract,Coco Glucoside,
Sodium Chloride, Glycerin, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract,
Equisetum Arvense Extract, Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract,
Juniperus Communis Fruit Extract, Salvia Officinalis Leaf Extract,
Xanthan Gum Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten,Benzylalcohol, Stevia
Rebaudiana Leaf Extract,Citric Acid.
Produce by- Geldrop, Netherland.
ALOE VERA MASSAGE CREAM with stevia-
Produce by- UK.

Intellectual Property Rights of DMPAR,ANAND. 2012-2013:-
DMAPR, Anand:- Six germplasm i.e one each in
• Madhunashini (Gymnema sylvestre)DGS-22
• Kalmegh (Andrographispaniculata) DMAPR AP3
• (Aloe barbadensis) DMAPRAB1
• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) DWS-6 and
• Guggal (Commiphora wightii)NRC CW2 & NRC CW1 were identified and registered with NBPGR, New
Delhi during the year. The details are as follows.
1. DGS-22 (INGr13041): A high fruit producing plant type of Madhunashini
2. DMAPR AP3(INGR-13042): Narrow leaf type with high andrographoloide content of Kalmegh
3. DMAPR AB1(INGR-13043): A yellow flowered plant type with 22.23% Aloin A content of Aloe.
4. NRC CW2 (INGR-13044): A male plant of erect or divergent branches with 0.125% guggulosterone Z
content of Guggal.
5. NRC CW1(INGR-13045): A female plant of drooping or weeping branches with 0.176% guggulosterone Z
content of Guggal.
6. DWS-6(INGR-13047): A procumbent plant type of Ashwagandha.

Importance of Aromatic plants:-
6. Aromatic plants are from a numerically large group of economically important plants. These are increasing
demand for essential oils, aroma chemicals drugs and pharmaceuticals in the world market since two decades.
Aromatic compounds are present in plants i.e. in root, wood, bark, foliage, flower, fruit, seed etc.
1. Aromatic plants produce essential oils, perfumes and flavours are in use with our civilization since several
thousand years.
2. Due to Vast area and varied agro-climatic condition, it can be commercial cultivated in different part of
India successfully.
3. Essential oils and aroma chemicals are indispensable in various human activities.
4.They are adjuncts of cosmetics, soaps, pharmaceutical preparation, perfumer confectionery, ice-cream,
aerated waters, disinfectants, agarbatti etc.
5. Some of the important aromatic plants like Lemon grass, Citronella, Palmarose, Vetiver, Geranium,
Lavender, Dawana etc. have great demand in our country.

COMMERCIALIZATION OF DRUGS

Introduction:-
• Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Today
estimate that about 80 % of people in developing countries still relays on traditional medicine
based largely on species of plants and animals for their primary health care.
• About 500 plants with medicinal use are mentioned in ancient literature and around 800 plants
have been used in indigenous systems of medicine.
• Herbal drugs are use of therapeutic herbs to prevent and treat diseases and ailments or to
support health and healing.
• World Health Organization (WHO) has distinct herbal drugs as complete, labeled medicinal
products that have vigorous ingredients, aerial or secretive parts of the plant or other plant
material or combinations.
• World Health Organization has set precise guidelines for the evaluation of the safety, efficacy, and
quality of herbal medicines . Herbal drug is a chief constituent in traditional medicine and a
common constituent in ayurvedic, homeopathic, naturopathic and other medicine systems.
• The use of herbal drugs due to toxicity and side effects of allopathic medicines, has led to rapid increase
in the number of herbal drug manufacturers. For the past few decades, herbal drugs have been more
and more consumed by the people with no prescription. These drugs have survived real world testing
and thousands of years of human testing. Some drugs have been discontinued due to their toxicity,
while others have been modified or combined with additional herbs to counterbalance side effects.

Current status:-
• Indian drug majors: "20%+ growth in 2013, driven by exports“.
• India's leading pharmaceutical players will continue to experience revenue growth of over 20% this year, primarily
led by exports and especially to the US, says a new report from India Ratings.
• The US market will remain Indian pharma's main focus area in the medium to short term, mainly because of the
sheer size of generic opportunities there, it says. The US generic market, now worth about $100 billion, could grow
at an annual average rate of around 8%-9% in the medium term, due to patent expiries - set to be worth around
$125 billion during 2013-15 - coupled with pro-generic policies.
• The report also sees continued good growth for Indian-made generics in other developed and "pharmerging"
markets, due to patent expiries and cost-cutting measures by payers. On the back of this increasing demand, exports
now account for 60% of the Indian pharma sector's total revenues and they grew by an annual average of 19%
between 2008 and 2012. In January-October 2012, Indian drug exports were worth 620 billion rupees, an increase
of around 28% year-on-year.
• MCE Society's Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy located at Azam Campus Pune organised
2nd international conference on herbal and synthetic drug studies at Azam campus in association with University of
Kansas Cancer Centre (UKCC), USA here recently.
• The objective of the conference was to bring the scientists community together to discuss the advances in the
preparation of herbal and synthetic drugs, finding new experimental methodologies for their characterisation using
various analytical/biochemical techniques and their applications. Speakers of conference was from USA, England,
Germany and national research institutes of India such as IICT {Indian Institute of Commerce and Trade},lucknow
and NIAB (Hyderabad), NCI (Kolkata) {National Cancer Institute}, Lupin Research Park (Pune), Suarashtra University
(Rajkot), IIT Madras (Chennai).

Continued:-
• The annual turnover of the Indian herbal medicinal industry is about Rs. 7,500 crore as against the pharmaceutical
industry’s turnover of Rs. 14,500 crores with a growth rate of more than 15 percent. As per study commissioned by
the “Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry {ASSOCHAM}”the Indian herbal industry is projected to double
to Rs.15, 000 crore by 2015, from the current 7,500 core business. The apex chamber estimates global herbal
industry to grow to Rs 70,000 crore by 2015, more than double from the current level of Rs 30,000 crore.Small-scale
sector are likely to witness brighter times ahead.
• The study reveals that there is a growing demand for raw stock which is Amla, Isabgol, Senna, Henna, Ashwagandha,
Aloe-vera and Myrobalans (Hartaki), which comprises over 75 percent of the raw materials employed in Ayurvedic
medicines.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine uses over 5000 plant species; India uses about 7000. According to Export-Import
Bank, the international market for medicinal plant related trade having a growth rate of 7% per annum.
• China’s share in world herbal market is US$ 6 billion while India’s share is only US$1 billion.
• India exports crude drugs mainly to developed countries viz. USA, Germany, France, Switzerland, UK and Japan.
• Aconite, Aloe, Belladonna, Acorus, Cinchona, Cassia tora, Dioscorea, Digitalis, Ephedra, Plantago and Senna are the
principal Indian herbal drugs exported to foreign countries.
• Medicinal plant parts exported from India, importing medicinal plants and their parts.
• . About 121 (45 tropical and 76 subtropical) major plant drugs have been identified for which no synthetic one is
currently available.

Advantages of Herbal Drugs:-
• High Low/Minimum cost.
• Complete accessibility.
• Enhanced tolerance.
• More protection.
• Fewer side-effects.
• Potency and efficiency is very high.

Disadvantages of Herbal Drugs:-
• Not able to cure rapid sickness and accidents.
• Risk with self-dosing.
• Complexity in standardizations.

Importance of plants as a source of new drugs :-
• The development of traditional medicinal systems incorporating plants as means of
therapy can be traced back to the Middle Paleolithic age some 60,000 years ago as
found from fossil studies .
• In recent times, developed countries are turning to the use of traditional medicinal
systems that involve the use of herbal drugs and remedies18 and according to the
World Health Organization (WHO), almost 65% of the world’s population has
incorporated the value of plants as a methodology of medicinal agents into their
primary modality of health care . It is often noted that 25% of all drugs prescribed
today come from plants.
• This estimate suggests that plant-derived drugs make up a significant segment of natural
product– based pharmaceuticals. Out of many families of secondary metabolites, or
compounds on which the growth of a plant is not dependent, nitrogen containing
alkaloids have contributed the largest number of drugs to the modern
pharmacopoeia, ranging in effects from anticholinergics (atropine) to analgesics
(opium alkaloids) and from antiparasitics (quinine) to anticholinesterases
(galantamine) to antineoplastics (vinblastine/vincristine).

Antidiabetic activity Herbal plants
a drug used to treat diabetes Abroma augusta, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia modesta, Acacia nilotica, Aconitum ferox,
Adhatoda vasika, Adiantum capillus, Adiantum incisum, Agrimonia eupatoria, Allium
sativum, Aloe barbadensis, Althaea officinalis, Apium graveolens, Arctium lappa,
Commiphora abyssinca, Embilica officinalis, Eucalyptus globules, Ginseng panax,
Gymnema sylvestre, Inula helenium, Juniperus communis, Medicago sativa, Nigella
sativa, Orthosiphon stamineus, Panex quinquefolius, Polygala senega, Plantago ovata,
Punica granatum, Salvia officinalis, Scoparia dulcis, Tanacetum vulgare, Taraxacum
officinale, Tecoma stans, Trifolium alexandrinum, Trigonella foenum, Turnera diffusa,
Urtica dioica, Xanthium strumarium, Zea mays and Zingiber officinale, Annona squamosa
Antidiabetic activity:-
Abroma augustum Ginseng panax Adhatoda vasica Acacia melanoxylon Urtica dioica

Scientific Name with Common Name of Antidiabetic Plants:-
Scientific Name Common Name
Abroma augusta Devil's Cotton, Cotton Abroma,
Acacia melanoxylon Australian Blackwood, Sally Wattle, Lightwood, Hickory,
Mudgerabah, Tasmanian Blackwood or Black Wattle.
, Acacia modesta Amritsar-Gum, Black Sally, Blackwood, Phulai.
Acacia nilotica Indian Gum Arabic Tree, Black Babool, Babul.
Aconitum ferox Himalayan monkshood, Monk's hood, Indian aconite, Vachnag.
Adhatoda vasika Adatodai, Arusa, Adulsa, Bakas, Malabar Nut Tree.
Adiantum capillus Southern maidenhair fern, black maidenhair fern, and venus
hair fern, garden fern.

Continued:-
Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Common Name
Adiantum incisum Maiden-hair Fern, Embilica officinalis Indian Gooseberry, Amla.
Agrimonia eupatoria Church Steeples, Churchsteeples,
Cockleburr, Sticklewort, Stickwort.
Eucalyptus globules Tasmanian Blue Gum, Eurabbie, Blue
Gum, Blue Eucalyptus.
Allium sativum, Garlic. Ginseng panax Asian Ginseng, Asiatic Ginseng, Chinese
Ginseng, Chinese Red Ginseng, Ginseng,
ASHWAGANDA.
Althaea officinalis Marsh Mallow, Common
marshmallow.
Gymnema sylvestre Gemnema Melicida, Gimnema, Gurmar,
Gurmar, Gurmarbooti, Vishani,
Madhunashini.
Apium graveolens Celery, Wild Celery, Bari ajmod,
Ajmod.
Inula helenium Wild sunflower, Horseheal, Yellow
Starwort, Scabwort, Elf Dock and Velvet
Dock.
, Arctium lappa, Bardana, Beggar's Buttons, Burr
Seed, Cockle Burr, Fox's Clote,
Lappa, Lappa minor, Thorny Burr.
, Juniperus communis Juniper Berries, Juniper bush, Juniper
bark, Common Juniper, Dwarf Juniper.
Commiphora abyssinca Abyssinian myrrh. Medicago sativa Alfalfa, bastard medic, buffal herb,
lucerne, purple medic, sand lucerne.,

Continued:-
Nigella sativa, fennel flower, nutmeg flower, black
caraway, Roman coriander, and
black cumin, onion seed and black
sesame.
, Scoparia dulcis Sweet Broom Weed, Sweet Broom
Wort, Mithi patti.
Orthosiphon stamineus White Cat's Whiskers, java tea /
misai kuching / kumis kucing
Tanacetum vulgare common tansy, bitter buttons,
garden tansy, golden buttons.
Panex quinquefolius American ginseng, Canadian
ginseng, five-fingers, occidental
ginseng, sang, seng.
Taraxacum officinale, Dandelion,
Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot, Seneca-
snakeroot, Senega root, Senega
snakeroot, rattlesnake root,
mountain flax, white snakeroot.
Tecoma stans Yellow bells, Yellow trumpet, Yellow-
Elder, Piliya.
Plantago ovata, Desert Indianwheat, Blond Psyllium,
Isabgol.
Trifolium alexandrinum Berseem, berseem clover, Egyptian
clover.
Punica granatum Pomegranate, Anar. Trigonella foenum Fenugreek, methi.

Continued:-
Urtica dioica nettle, stinging nettle.
Xanthium strumarium Common Cocklebur, broad bur,
burdock datura, clotbur, rough
cocklebur, chota dhatura.
Zingiber officinale Ginger Root, Ginger.
Annona squamosa sugar-apples.

Analgesic activity:-
Analgesic activity Herbal plants
a drugs which give relief from pain. Bougainvilla spectabilis, Chelidonium majus, Ficus glomerata,
Dalbergia lanceolaria, Glaucium grandiflorum, Glaucium
paucilobum, Nepeta italic, Polyalthia longifolia, Sida acuta,
Stylosanthes fruticosa, Toona ciliate, Zataria multiflora and
Zingiber zerumbet
Bougainvillea spectabilis Chelidonium majus
Ficus glomerata
Dalbergia lanceolaria Glaucium grandiflorum
nepeta italica
Polyalthia longifolia Sida acuta Stylosanthes fruticosa Toona ciliate

Scientific Name with Common Name of Analgesic Plants:-
Bougainvilla spectabilis bonggavilla, Napoleón, Santa Rita. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka tree.
Chelidonium majus greater celandine, wartwort, yellow
spit.
Sida acuta Common Wireweed.
Ficus glomerata Cluster Fig Tree, Indian Fig Tree or
Goolar (Gular) Fig
Stylosanthes fruticosa, African stylo.
Dalbergia lanceolaria Indian rosewood, East Indian
rosewood, dalbergia, Himalaya
raintree, Indian dalbergia, penny
leaf tree, penny-leaf tree, shisham,
sisso, sissoo.
Toona ciliate red cedar, Burma cedar, Indian
cedar, moulmein cedar,
Australian red cedar.
Glaucium grandiflorum Red-horned Poppy Zataria multiflora Avishan-E-Shirazi, Satar or
Zaataria.
Glaucium paucilobum Zingiber zerumbet Shampoo Ginger, Pinecone
Ginger.
Nepeta italic catnip, catswort, or catmint.

Antifertility activity :-
Antifertility activity :- Herbal plants
A drugs that inhibits
the ability to produce
offspring,contraceptive
Amaranthus retroflexus, Artabotrys odoratissimus, Barberis vulgaris, Carica papaya, Dieffenbachia
seguine, Evodia rutacapra, Fatsia horrid, Ferula assafoetida, Hibiscus
rosasinensis, Lonicera ciliosa, , Magnolia virginiana, Mardenia cundurango, Pisum sativum,
Podophyllu peltatum, Punica granatum, Raphanus sativus, Rehmannia glutinosa, Semecarpus
anacardium, Sesbania sesban, Stemona japonica, Thuja occidentalis, Taxus baccata and Verbena
officinalis
Amaranthus retroflexus Artabotrys odoratissimus Berberis vulgaris Evodia rutaecarpa Ferula assafoetida

Scientific Name with Common Name of Antifertility Plants :-
Amaranthus retroflexus red-root amaranth, redroot
pigweed, red-rooted pigweed,
common amaranth, pigweed
amaranth, and common
tumbleweed.
Hibiscus rosasinensis China Rose, Chinese hibiscus,
Gurhal.
Artabotrys odoratissimus manoranjini. , Lonicera ciliosa Orange Honeysuckle.
Barberis vulgaris, European barberry, Barberry. Magnolia virginiana sweet bay magnolia.
Dieffenbachia seguine, houseplants, Mother-in-law,
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott.
, Mardenia cundurango Eagle vine, Mata-peroo.
Evodia rutacapra Evodia fruit. Podophyllu peltatum Mayapple, hogapple, Indian apple,
mayflower, umbrella plant, wild
lemon.
Fatsia horrid glossy-leaved paper plant. Punica granatum Pomegranate, Anar.
Ferula assafoetida asant, food of the gods, giant Raphanus sativus radish, common radish, wild radish,

Continued:-
Rehmannia glutinosa Chinese Foxglove, Sheng Di
huang.
, Semecarpus anacardium Marking Nut, Oriental Cashew.
Sesbania sesban Common sesban, Egyptian
rattlepod, Egyptian riverhemp,
Jayanti.
, Stemona japonica Stemona root.
Thuja occidentalis Arborvitaes, thujas.
, Taxus baccata yew, English yew, or European
yew.
Verbena officinalis common vervain or common
verbena, "mosquito plant" or
"wild hyssop“.

Antipsoriasis activity :-
Antipsoriasis activity Herbal plants
a drug used to treat
psoriasis.
Psoriasis meaning
"itching condition“
The different herbal remedies for psoriasis are, turmeric, shark cartilage extract, oregano oil, milk
thistle{flower}. Various antimicrobial agents Azadirachta indica, Calendula officinalis, Cassia tora,
Wrightia tinctoria have been used in the management of psoriasis .
Psoriasis vulgaris chronic
relapsing/remitting
immune-mediated skin
disease. Back and arms
of person with psoriasis
oregano plant oregano oil milk thistle
milk thistle seed oil
Silybum marianum
Calendula officinalis Cassia tora Wrightia tinctoria turmeric
shark cartilage extract

Scientific Name with Common Name of Antipsoriasis Plants :-
Calendula officinalis Pot marigold, ruddles, common
marigold, garden marigold, English
marigold, or Scottish marigold.
Azadirachta indica Neem, Nimtree, and Indian Lilac.
Cassia tora Foetid cassia, The Sickle Senna,
Wild Senna,
Charota,Chakvad,Chakavat.
Wrightia tinctoria Sweet Indrajao, Pala indigo plant,
Dyers’s oleander, Kapar, Dudhi.

Antidipressive activity:-
Antidipressive activity:- Herbal plants
a drugs used for the
treatment of major
depressive disorder.
A number of nutritional and herbal supplements have shown promise as alternative treatments for
depression. A large number of plants have potential functions to treat depression which are
described as, Bacopa monniera, Panax quinquefolius, Piper methysticum, Rhodiola rosea,
Valeriana officinalis and Hypericum perforatum .
Bacopa monniera Panax quinquefolius Piper methysticum Rhodiola rosea
Valeriana officinalis Valeriana officinalis hypericum perforatum

Scientific Name with Common Name of Antidipressive Plants:-
Bacopa monniera Brahmi, Water Hyssop, Indian
pennywort, Brahmi.
Panax quinquefolius American ginseng, Canadian ginseng,
five-fingers, occidental ginseng, sang,
seng.
Piper methysticum Kava, Kava Kava, Yangona.
Rhodiola rosea Golden root, rose root, roseroot,
Aaron's rod, arctic root, king's crown,
lignum rhodium, orpin rose.
Valeriana officinalis Valerian.
Hypericum perforatum Tipton's weed, rosin rose, goatweed,
chase-devil, or Klamath weed.

Hepatoprotective activity:-
Hepatoprotective activity Herbal plants
a drug have the ability to
prevent damage to the
liver
A large number of plants and formulations have been claimed to have hepatoprotective activity.
Nearly 160 phytoconstituents from 101 plants have been claimed to possess liver protecting
activity. They are mainly Coccinia grandis, Flacourtia indica, Silybum marianum, Annona
squamosa, Solanum nigrum, Chamomile capitula, Wedelia calendulacea etc
coccinia grandis Flacourtia indica Silybum marianum Annona squamosa
Solanum nigrum Chamomile capitula Wedelia calendulacea

COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGS

COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGS

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COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGS