The document discusses mobility on demand (MOD) and shared mobility options. MOD envisions an integrated, multimodal transportation system where mobility is provided as a service. New technologies like connected vehicles and automation, as well as bike sharing, car sharing, and ride hailing apps, are enabling more shared mobility options. The government's role includes facilitating partnerships and conducting research on integration, safety, and equity. Public transportation provides the backbone for a multimodal system and is piloting new technologies. The Federal Transit Administration is focusing research on enhancing mobility options and safety through projects like Mobility on Demand.

1. The Future of Transit:
Mobility on Demand in a
Shared Use Environment
Jeffrey Spencer
ITS Team Leader
July 16, 2015
Building a Smart, Diverse, and
Shared Travel Network

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Today’s Discussion
• What is shared use mobility?
• Shared mobility and it’s relationship to public
transportation
• Wild Wild West of Transportation
• How do you pay for that?
• What’s the government’s role?
• What is the role of public transportation?
• Examples of past & ongoing FTA research
• Mobility on Demand

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Shared-Use Mobility?

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Bike Sharing: First/Last Mile Solution
• Biking and transit are inherently
linked
• Some refer to bike sharing as
“bike-transit”
• Bike share systems provide
alternative access to public
transportation and extend the
reach of riders
• Bike share systems helping to
alleviate the first and last mile
challenge of public
transportation
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Capital BikeShare (CaBi) Survey
• In November 2012 Capital
Bikeshare conducted a
Customer Use and Satisfaction
Survey
• 54% of surveyed customers of
CaBi utilized system to access
Metro.
• Typical ride is a distance of .5-
.75 miles (10-15 minute walk)
• Analysis of survey shows that
about 40 % of trips involving
Metro are within that first and
last mile.
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Ballston-Rosslyn Corridor: Arlington, VA
http://mobilitylab.org/2014/01/21/hot-zone-commuters-taking-bikeshare-to-use-metro/

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Impacts of Car-sharing
• TCRP Report 108 on Car-Sharing
• Impacts include:
– Lower emissions
– Increased transit ridership
– Cost savings
– Greater mobility
• New business models emerging
– Peer-to-peer (RelayRides)
– Point-to-point (Car2Go)

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Wild Wild West of Transportation
• Google developing autonomous car
• Avis Budget Group purchases Zipcar
• Uber provides ad hoc delivery services
• Ford develops foldable electric bike
• Daimler buys Car2Go & RideScout
• Enterprise buying carsharing organizations
• RideScout acquires GlobeSherpa

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First/Last Mile - on Demand
• DART and Uber performed a pilot during
Dallas St. Patrick's Parade
– Connect with Uber through DART's
GoPass℠ mobile ticketing application
– Begin or finish transit trip through "Events &
Offers" section of transit app
– Creative partnership with MADD
• MARTA collaborate with Uber on “Last
Mile Campaign”
– Take the train and then Uber takes you
home…
– Uber options listed within MARTA Guide Source: www.dart.org

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Ford’s Blueprint for Mobility
• Smart Mobility Initiative
– “We face the prospect of ‘global
gridlock’”
– “…develop new technologies, as
well as new ways of looking at the
world.”
• MoDe:Flex
– Foldable electric bike
– Fully-connected cycle connects to
rider’s smartphone to plan routes,
see forecasts and access fitness
information

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Microtransit
• Innovative commuter buses like
Leap or Chariot in San Francisco
• Bridj in Boston and Washington
• Dynamic vanpools like Via in New
York
• Carpool start-ups like Carma
• True ride-share options like
UberPool (now claiming millions of
trips) or LyftLine (now with fixed-
point pick-ups)
• Via on-demand shuttles in NYC

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Transit now adopting a new, open
approach for payment systems
Transportation options are
emerging enabled by the
Smart Phone
Payment systems can use a common or
linked account across transportation modes
Transit Payment Systems

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What’s the role of Government?
• Create dialogue
• Develop policies
• Issue guidance on standards & equity
• Encourage collaboration between
stakeholders
• Conduct research that promotes
integration, customer safety, reliability, &
equity

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A Changing Transportation System
• USDOT Policy: Beyond Traffic 2045
• Population growth
• Changes in demographics
• Technological advances
• Financial and infrastructure challenges
• Need new approach to meet challenges of
tomorrow
• http://www.transportation.gov/BeyondTraffi
c

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Stakeholders Who’s here
today?
Who’s missing?
Federal
Agencies
Roadway
Agencies
Transit
Agencies
Activity
Centers
Public
Safety
Planning
Organizations
Fleet
Operations
Private
Sector
Traveler
Academia
Professional
Organizations

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What’s the role of Public Transportation?
• Provide the backbone for a multimodal
integrated transport system
• Provide perfect environment to
demonstrate & pilot new technologies and
operations
Transit operations in
a Connected Vehicle
environment

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• BRT is an enhanced bus system that operates on bus
lanes or other transit-ways in order to combine the
flexibility of buses with the efficiency of rail.
• Next phase of research – connected vehicle environment
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
– Operates at faster speeds, provides greater
service reliability and increased customer
convenience
– Utilizes advanced technologies, infrastructure
and operational investments to provide
significantly better service than traditional bus
service.
• BRT was used during the piloting of
Vehicle Assist & Automation (VAA)
technology in Eugene, Oregon.

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FTA Research Focus Areas
• Enhancing Mobility
– Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA)
– Connected Vehicle
– Accessible Transportation Technologies
Research Initiative (ATTRI)
– Mobility on Demand (MOD)
• Improving Safety
– Intrusion Detection Systems
– Emergency Response Applications
• Promoting Energy Efficiency
– Green Propulsion Systems
– Inductive Charging
• Program Mainstreaming
– Focus on “Ladders of Opportunity”
– Demonstrations and Pilot Programs
Source: Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR)
Source: IPT Technology

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What is Mobility on Demand (MOD)?
• Long term strategic vision for a multimodal, integrated
and connected transportation system.
• Collaboration between ITS Joint Program Office and FTA.
• A concept that imagines mobility as a commodity and a
service.
Conceptual Notions of MOD:
 Promotes choice in personal mobility & Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS)
 Advances connected vehicles & automation
 Leverages emerging technologies & data exchange
 Encourages multimodal connectivity & system
interoperability

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What’s Driving MOD?
• Aging Americans Require Mobility Choice
 Older Americans on the rise
 From 2005 to 2020 there will be 30 million
additional people age 60 or older
 “Aging in place” requires unique mobility
options
• Millennial Americans Want Mobility Choice
 Public transportation utilization is on the rise
 Younger generations want both convenience
and cost savings
 66% of Millennials consider transportation
alongside housing decisions
• All Travelers Need Mobility Choice
 Veterans with Disabilities
 Travelers with disabilities
 Low income individuals & Minors

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Technologies Enabling MOD
• “Big Data” and New Analytics
• Smart Cities and the “Internet of
Things”
• Connected Vehicles
• Automation and Automated
Vehicles
• Social media
• Smartphone technology and new
payment apps
July 2014 Cover

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Conditions Encouraging MOD
• Renewed concepts in car ownership (RelayRides,
Car2Go)
• Shared economy model is growing (Lyft, Bridj,
RideScout)
• Peer to peer transactions (airbnb, Peerby)
• Increased urbanization and changing demographics
• Preference growing for alternative transportation

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Guiding Principles of MOD Vision
• Traveler Centric/Consumer Driven
– MOD is defined by performance
– Quality and Carefree personal mobility choice for individuals.
• Data Connected/Platform Independent
– MOD (the end state) drives the technology.
– Technology doesn’t change the MOD vision, it provides the
capability to realize in an interoperable fashion.
• Mode Agnostic/Multimodal
– MOD embraces all modes and resources to support personal
mobility choice in an integrated, connected and multimodal
manner.

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Payment – Connected, Integrated,
& Customer Centric
• Collecting cash is slow, requires lots of handling, leads to
inflexible payment schedules, is expensive to collect, and
insecure.
• Payment systems create a relationship with a service
provider and connect the individual to the system.
• Payment systems are becoming more integrated, flexible
and connected.

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MOD’s Research Direction
• Foundational Research
– State of Practice reports
– Identification of challenges & opportunities
• Stakeholder Engagement & Outreach
– Virtualization tools
– Workshops & Webinars
• Big Data Analytics & Evaluation Methods
– Acquisition and inclusion of new data sources
– Understanding new business models
• National MOD Showcases

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Vincent Valdes
Associate Administrator
Research, Demonstration, and Innovation
vincent.valdes@dot.gov
Jeffrey Spencer
ITS Team Leader
jeffrey.spencer@dot.gov
Federal Transit Administration
U.S. Department of Transportation
Contact