This document summarizes a presentation on the future of integrated transport systems and best sustainable practices around the world. It defines an integrated transport system as one that offers multi-modal transportation across a city through linked infrastructure, fares, and validation systems. Key aspects of integrated systems discussed include physical, operational, and fare integration. Expectations of integrated systems are also outlined, such as coverage, availability, lower travel times, affordable fares, reliability, quality, flexibility, and accessibility. Several best practices from around the world are then highlighted, including the Delhi Metro system, Copenhagen's bicycle infrastructure, Hong Kong's Octopus smart card system, sustainable bio-jet fuels, and electric vehicle adoption in countries like Norway, China, the UK

1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
Course Work (CTN-612) Presentation
on
Presented by:
Minakshi Patel
Research Scholar,
HRED, IIT Roorkee
Future of Integrated Transport Systems: Best
Sustainable Practices Around The World

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Contents
• Integrated Transport System
• Aspects of an Integrated Transport System
• Expectations of an Integrated Transport System
• Best Sustainable Practices Around The World
• References

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Integrated transport system
• It is covers the entirety part of a city's territory, and which offers to use a
multi-modal transport system where different modes of transport are
efficiently linked with each other through infrastructure, fare model, and
common validation systems [1].
Figure 1: Integrated Transport System
Source: mammothmemory.report

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Aspects of an integrated transport system
• Physical integration- refers to the construction of public transportation
networks that encompass the whole city, as well as the necessary
infrastructure to guarantee an easy transfer to the user between different
lines and modes within the system.
Infrastructure
integration
Accessible
connectivity
Source: Solution e-learning

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• Operational integration: implies the coordination of routes, services,
schedules, and frequencies between the various lines and modes of the
system
Aspects of an integrated transport system
Transport
planning
Service
scheduling
Routes
definition
Source: Solution e-learning

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Aspects of an Integrated Transport System
• Fare integration: refers to the payment of a unique fare, or reduced
fares for combined services (transfers) throughout the whole system,
regardless of the mode used. It also suggests the use of technology and
a unified payment system.
 Recently launched RuPay card with motive of “One nation, one mobility
card”
 This debit card issued in the last 18 months by 23 banks to swipe these
for Metro travel
 This facility will become available on the entire Delhi Metro network by
2022
Financial
schemes
payment
mode
Fare system
Source: Solution e-learning

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Expectations of an integrated transport system
 Coverage:
• It should be able to provide service to the most part of the urban territory,
even in low-demand areas.
• Stations and bus stops must be located at walking distance and easily
accessible from both origin and destination points.
 Availability: The system should work when the user needs it. This is
achieved by combining two variables:
• Frequency
• Performance Schedules

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Expectations of an integrated transport system
 Lower travel times: This can be achieved not only by increasing the
average speed of the various modes of transport, but also reduce that
impact the time by combining these factor :-
• Construction of exclusive infrastructure
• Increasing the frequency of the units
• Improving accessibility to stops stations
• Pre-boarding payment mechanisms
Source: Mckinsey report
Before After

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Expectations of an integrated transport system
 Affordable fares:
• The system must establish a fare and a payment method that is
affordable for the low-income population, without sacrificing quality
conditions of the service.
 Reliability:
• The system must offer high levels of reliability in terms of frequency, trip
speed and routes, so as to allow for trip planning.

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Expectations of an integrated transport system
 Quality:
• It must establish and guarantee service quality standards, that ought to
translate into more comfortable
• Safe trips for both, the passengers and the remainder of the users on the
road.
 Flexibility:
• This system must offer an answer to the users' changing travel needs.
• The greater the coverage, frequency and operation schedules, the
greater the freedom of the user to move about in the city.

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Expectations of an integrated transport system
 Accessibility:
• The system must offer the ability for any user to access it wherever he/she
wants to go.
• It is necessary to have vehicles, stations and stops conceived for every
type of user, specially people visually impaired, and people carrying bulky
packages.
Pedestrian
Source: Mckinsey report
Low floor bus

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• The first section was commissioned in December 2002.
• It carries 2.8 million passengers, replacing 400,000 vehicles on the road.
• Saving 300,000 tons of oil import per year.
• Preventing 70 tons of pollutants every day(2017).
• Each commuter saves 32 minutes in his/her journey.
• About 135 road fatalities are avoided per annum [2].
Delhi metro: A low carbon & sustainable urban
transport solution
Delhi Metro
Source: DMRC website

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• Target to achieve carbon neutral city by 2025
• 1/3 of all journey done by bicycle mode
• 62 % people using bicycle for daily work
• Dedicated network of paths, including innovative bridges, which form
cycling superhighways across the city
• Since, increase 76% cyclist sense of safety [3]
World’s most bicycle friendly city-Copenhagen
Cycle pathway
Source: Copenhagen city

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Octopus smart card in Hong Kong
• The Octopus Smart Card is a contactless smart card payment system that
started in 1997.
• Minimum information needed for payment.
• Over 14 million transactions are made every day.
• Hong Kong has one of the most advanced public transport systems in the
world.
• 93% of transport trips are made by public transport [4].
Display of smart card
Source: Octopus Holdings Ltd

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Sustainable bio-jet fuel
• According, the International Air Transport Association (IATA):-
 Reduce CO₂ emissions by 20–98% compared to conventional jet fuel of
aviation.
• Bio-aviation fuel (BAF) is a biofuel used to power aircraft.
• In 2019, the IATA is targeting to achieve for a 2% penetration by 2025
and Indonesia government has achieved 3% by 2020 [5].
Source: ICAO(Fueling station)

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Electric mobility
• Electric vehicle are great modes of green transportation because they
don’t release any harmful emission into the environment.
• Norway has the highest market penetration per capita in the world and
achieved 50% registered is plug -in electric in end of December, 2020.
• China’s auto industry is rapidly turning all electric and aims at having
around 5 lakh public charging stations by 2022.
• UK and France are targeting 100 % electric cars by 2040 [6].

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Electric mobility in India
• Only 1% of total vehicle sales is related EV, in that 95% of sales from
electric two-wheelers, December 2019 [7].
• In NITI Aayog report-Government of India target to achieve 30% electric
vehicles by 2030.
• According to the Department of Heavy Industry, India; Only 150 charging
stations have, and sanctioned the 2636 number of charging stations
across 62 cities.

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Electric mobility in India
• Electric vehicle sales in India grow up 20% in 2019-20, 1.56 lakh EVs
were sold in the country in 2019-20 as against 1.3 lakh units in the
previous fiscal Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV).
• Total EV sales in 2018 hit 36,592 units and expected to grow 36%
annually till 2026 and Battery rise to 30% by 2026 from 2018, India
Energy Storage Alliance (IESA).
• Billionaire Elon Musk’s Tesla Inc. has set up a subsidiary in Bengaluru
ahead of a planned introduction of its electric cars in India this year

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References
1. R. C. Horsley, “Integrated Transport,” Logist. Inf. Manag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 42–45, 1993,
doi: 10.1108/09576059310026214.
2. “Delhi Metro” [online] Available: http://www.delhimetrorail.com/(Accessed on:25/01/2021)
3. “World economic forum” [online] Available: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/what-
makes-copenhagen-the-worlds-most-bike-friendly-city/(Accessed on:26/01/2021)
4. “Octopus Holdings Ltd.” [online] Available:
ww.octopus.com.hk/web09_include/_document/en/company_profile.pdf/(Accessed
on:26/01/2021)
5. “ICAO” [online] Available: https://www.icao.int/environmental-
protection/GFAAF/Pages/default.aspx /(Accessed on:26/01/2021)
6. P. Recommendations, U. N. Secretary-general, H. A. Group, and S. Transport, “Transport
for Sustainable Development,” Transp. Sustain. Dev., 2016, doi: 10.18356/2c1884f4-en.
7. CEEW, "India’s Electric Vehicle Transition: Impact on Auto Industry and Building the EV
Ecosystem,” no. October, 2019, [Online].Available : https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/
CEEW-IndiaElectricVehicleTransitionReportPDF26Nov19.pdf. (Accessed on:25-11-2020)

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