Zia-ul-Haq introduced several measures to Islamize Pakistan between 1977-1988 after declaring martial law. He established Sharia courts, introduced Islamic laws like Hudood Ordinance, and made Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies compulsory subjects. Zia also received significant foreign funds due to Pakistan's support for the Afghan mujahideen fighting the Soviet invasion, allowing him to strengthen the military and undertake some economic reforms. However, he consolidated power by restricting the courts and establishing a military-dominated government.

1. Islamization under
zia ul haq (1977-88)

2. UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB
(Gujranwala Campus)
Department of Business Administration
Welcome to Pakistan Studies
BBA (Semester 5th A+B) Morning
Subject: Pakistan Studies Course Code:. BBA -304
Teacher Name:. M.QADEER Date:. 11/10/22

3. Table of contents
1. Introduction…………………………………………………….3
2. Islamization…………………………………………………….4
3. Islamic ideology………………………………………………5
4. Steps taken by Zia……………………………………...........6
5. Afghan case and impact (1979)…………………………..7
6. Impacts…………………………………………………………8
7. Economic reforms…………………………………………….9
8. Constitution act ………………………………………….......10
9. Law and government………………..................................11
10. Majlis e Shoora………………………………………………..12

4. Introduction:
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: ‫محمد‬
‫ضياء‬
‫الحق‬ ;
12 August 1924 –
17 August 1988) was a Pakistani four-star general who served
as the 6th President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in
1988, after declaring martial law in 1977. He was Pakistan's
longest-serving head of state.

5. Islamization
• From 1979 a series of Islamic laws were introduced in Pakistan:
• In 1979, a Fededral Shariat Court was set up to consider existing laws
and legal judgments and decide if they were in keeping with Islamic
principles.
• Hudood Ordinance was promulgated on the country in 1977. According
to which different punishments were prescribed for various crimes.
• These were:
• The offences against Property Ordinance
• The offences of Zina Ordinance
• The offence of Qafa Ordinance
• The Prohibition Ordinance

6. Islamic ideology
• A new offence of disrespect for the Holy Prophet(P.B.U.H) was
introduced, with imprisonment or a fine as the punishment for
offenders.
• Zia also introduced the Council of Islamic Ideology to suggest
ways in which the legal framework of Pakistan could be brought
closer to Islamic ideology.
• There was also an attempt to enforce Islamic principles in the
economic field by replacing the payment of interest with profit
sharing.

7. Steps taken by Zia
• In June 1980 the Zakat Ordinance imposed a 2.5% wealth tax on
savings on a certain amount.
• At the same time, the Usher Ordinance imposed a 5% tax on
agricultural income. Income raised under this ordinance was also
paid into the Zakat fund to assist the poor.
• Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies were made compulsory in schools
and colleges.
• Candidates appearing in Pakistan Civil Service examination were
given extra marks if they had learned the Quran by heart.
• Efforts were made for the promotion of Arabic language. Radio
Pakistan introduce Arabic courses and a daily news bulletin in
Arabic was presented on Pakistan Television.

8. Afghan case and its impact
1979
• It established Pakistan as a leading country in world
politics.
• It also led to huge sums of money being poured into
Pakistan to pay for rehabilitation of refugees and to
develop the Pakistan army.
• Zia was able to increase the defence budget and built
up such an effective military force that he was able to
sell military assistance to other Muslim countries.

9. Impacts
• Pakistan became the second largest supplier of
military manpower in the developing world.
• In 1985 there were estimated 50,000Pakistanis
serving abroad such as Saudi Arabia, Libya, Oman,
Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.
• Karachi itself became the best naval in the region.

10. Economic reforms
• The influx of funds in the 1980s also allowed Zia to undertake a
degree of economic reforms.
• The funds from Western allies were matched by even larger
amounts being remitted to Pakistan by workers overseas.
• His government denationalized many of the companies, some
were returned to former owners, others were sold to new
investors.
• Laws were passed that stated that industries could not
be nationalized in future except in exceptional circumstances,
with fair compensation paid to the owners.
• Pakistan’s annual growth in the GNP was 6.2%, the highest in
the world.

11. Constitution Act
• Zia passed several laws that restricted the power of courts.
• The constitution Act(amendment) of 1979 established military
courts to try offenders according to Martial law.
• In March 1980 the Provisional Constitutional Order took away
the right of the courts to challenge any political executive
decision.
• When 19 judges protested, they were removed and replaced by
those who accepted the Order.

12. Law and Government
• Zia passed several laws that restricted the power of
courts.
• The constitution Act(amendment) of 1979 established
military courts to try offenders according to Martial law.
• In March 1980 the Provisional Constitutional Order took
away the right of the courts to challenge any political
executive decision.
• When 19 judges protested, they were removed and
replaced by those who accepted the Order.
• The military nature of his government was further emphasized
by the fact that by 1982 40% of Pakistan’s ambassadors
abroad were military men.

13. Majlis e shoora
• He formed Majlis-e- Shoora, the Islamic Parliament, to advise him on his
government. However, the members were appointed by Zia and they
had no legislative powers, so it was not really an effective parliament.
• Zia made so many amendments in the constitution which made his
position strong even after lifting up of the martial law.
• Which included the following: advise him on his government. However,
the members were appointed by Zia and they had no legislative powers,
so it was not really an effective parliament.
• All previous acts of the martial law period became law, with no right of
appeal.
• The president could appoint the prime minister, governors of the
provinces and other officials.
• The president could dismiss the prime minister and National Assembly.