IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight Aggregates with Combination of Lightweight Aggregates in Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the effect of partially replacing normal weight aggregates with combinations of lightweight aggregates in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Lightweight aggregates used included pumice, LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), and sintagg. Concrete mixtures with replacement levels from 0-20% for each combination were tested. Fresh and hardened properties like slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated after oven curing for various time periods. Test results showed that use of lightweight aggregates reduced concrete density and improved workability while maintaining adequate strength levels.
Study on Flexural Behaviour of Activated Fly Ash Concreteijsrd.com
Cement concrete is the most widely used construction material in many infrastructure projects. The development and use of mineral admixture for cement replacement is growing in construction industry mainly due to the consideration of cost saving, energy saving, environmental production and conservation of resources. Present study is aimed at replacing cement in concrete with activated fly ash. The paper highlights the chemical activation of low calcium fly ash. Today activation of fly ash is playing an important role for enhancing the effectiveness of fly ash and accelerating the pozzolanic properties of fly ash. Activated fly ash certainly improves the early age strength and durability of concrete and corrosion tolerance. Many methods such as mechanical (physical), thermal and chemical activation are in use to activate the fly ash. The chemical activation is one of the easiest methods where fly ash can be activated by alkaline activators (i.e. alkaline solutions of high alkaline concentration chemicals like gypsum, sodium silicate and calcium oxide, KOH, etc.), which enhances the effectiveness of fly ash by disintegrating the glassy layer of fly ash molecules in cement concrete, thereby increasing its corrosion resistance. In the present dissertation, quality of fly ash is improved by chemical treatment by using chemical activators. The mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of activated fly ash concrete and flexural strength of activated fly ash reinforced concrete beams are studied. For this project work, the chemicals like sodium silicate, calcium oxide are used to activate the fly ash in the ratio 1:8.
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete, which is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. It can be created using industrial byproducts such as fly ash and alkaline liquids instead of cement. Several studies discussed found that geopolymer concrete requires high temperature curing but can achieve high strength. The document reviews research showing that replacing fly ash partially with ground granulated blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete increases strength without the need for oven curing. While research has made progress in developing geopolymer concrete, more information is still needed regarding some aspects of the geopolymerization process.
Experimental Study on concrete containing Fly ashIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used to reduce the environmental impacts of coal use and lower the cost of concrete production. The study tested concrete mixtures where cement was replaced with fly ash at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. The compressive strength of concrete cubes was tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased as the level of fly ash replacement increased up to 20%, indicating that fly ash can improve concrete strength properties while providing environmental and economic benefits.
IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the effect of partially replacing normal weight aggregates with lightweight aggregates in fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Three types of lightweight aggregates were used as replacements at levels from 0-20%: pumice, LECA (light expanded clay aggregate), and sintagg. The fresh and hardened properties of the resulting lightweight geopolymer concretes were tested, including slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of ambient curing. The goal was to develop a greener and lighter concrete that reduces self-weight and construction costs.
Replacement of Natural Fine Aggregate With Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag An I...IJERA Editor
The aim of the investigation is to replace natural fine aggregatewith Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag in OPC concrete. At present, nearly million tons of slag is being produced in the steel plants, in India. The generation of slag would be dual problem in disposal difficulty and environmental pollution. Some strategies should be used to utilize the slag effectively. Considering physical properties of metallurgical slags and a series of possibilities for their use in the field of civil constructions, this report demonstrates the possibilities of using air cooled blast furnace slag as partial replacement of sand in concrete. A total of five concrete mixes, containing 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% partial replacement of regular sand with air cooled blast furnace slag are investigated in the laboratory. These mixes were tested to determine axial compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength for 7days, 28days, 56days and 90days.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
1. The document presents the shear strength characteristics of a low-lime Class F fly ash modified with lime alone or in combination with gypsum through unconfined compression and triaxial tests.
2. Addition of small amounts of gypsum (0.5-1%) along with lime (4-10%) enhanced the shear strength of the modified fly ash within short curing periods of 7-28 days.
3. The cohesion of the Class F fly ash increased up to 3,150% with addition of 10% lime and 1% gypsum after 28 days of curing.
A Review Paper on Strength Development of SCMS Based Geopolymer Cementijtsrd
Ten to 50 of the world's total carbon dioxide emissions come from producing cement. The global warming gas is discharged once stone and clays are crushed and heated to high temperatures. New age concrete is outlined as a concrete that uses the waste product as a minimum of one among its parts, or its production method doesnt cause environmental destruction, or its high performance and life cycle property. Varied efforts are conducted by researchers to make some alternatives that can considerably cut back high energy consumed and environmental impacts throughout the fabrication method of cement, together with implementing the idea of commercial ecology. The cleaner technologies in concrete production, like work comparatively high proportion of cement by fly ash up to 100 , the utilization of different natural pozzolans, development of concrete with usage or waste materials, and developing of new age concrete by using polymerization of concrete the present reviews about performance of geopolymer concrete with the SCM materials Fly ash and GGBS M. Anil Kumar | Mr. K. Naga Rajesh "A Review Paper on Strength Development of SCMS Based Geopolymer Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27963.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/27963/a-review-paper-on-strength-development-of-scms-based-geopolymer-cement/m-anil-kumar
Study on Flexural Behaviour of Activated Fly Ash Concreteijsrd.com
Cement concrete is the most widely used construction material in many infrastructure projects. The development and use of mineral admixture for cement replacement is growing in construction industry mainly due to the consideration of cost saving, energy saving, environmental production and conservation of resources. Present study is aimed at replacing cement in concrete with activated fly ash. The paper highlights the chemical activation of low calcium fly ash. Today activation of fly ash is playing an important role for enhancing the effectiveness of fly ash and accelerating the pozzolanic properties of fly ash. Activated fly ash certainly improves the early age strength and durability of concrete and corrosion tolerance. Many methods such as mechanical (physical), thermal and chemical activation are in use to activate the fly ash. The chemical activation is one of the easiest methods where fly ash can be activated by alkaline activators (i.e. alkaline solutions of high alkaline concentration chemicals like gypsum, sodium silicate and calcium oxide, KOH, etc.), which enhances the effectiveness of fly ash by disintegrating the glassy layer of fly ash molecules in cement concrete, thereby increasing its corrosion resistance. In the present dissertation, quality of fly ash is improved by chemical treatment by using chemical activators. The mechanical properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of activated fly ash concrete and flexural strength of activated fly ash reinforced concrete beams are studied. For this project work, the chemicals like sodium silicate, calcium oxide are used to activate the fly ash in the ratio 1:8.
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete, which is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. It can be created using industrial byproducts such as fly ash and alkaline liquids instead of cement. Several studies discussed found that geopolymer concrete requires high temperature curing but can achieve high strength. The document reviews research showing that replacing fly ash partially with ground granulated blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete increases strength without the need for oven curing. While research has made progress in developing geopolymer concrete, more information is still needed regarding some aspects of the geopolymerization process.
Experimental Study on concrete containing Fly ashIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used to reduce the environmental impacts of coal use and lower the cost of concrete production. The study tested concrete mixtures where cement was replaced with fly ash at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. The compressive strength of concrete cubes was tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased as the level of fly ash replacement increased up to 20%, indicating that fly ash can improve concrete strength properties while providing environmental and economic benefits.
IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigates the effect of partially replacing normal weight aggregates with lightweight aggregates in fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Three types of lightweight aggregates were used as replacements at levels from 0-20%: pumice, LECA (light expanded clay aggregate), and sintagg. The fresh and hardened properties of the resulting lightweight geopolymer concretes were tested, including slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength after 7, 14, and 28 days of ambient curing. The goal was to develop a greener and lighter concrete that reduces self-weight and construction costs.
Replacement of Natural Fine Aggregate With Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag An I...IJERA Editor
The aim of the investigation is to replace natural fine aggregatewith Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag in OPC concrete. At present, nearly million tons of slag is being produced in the steel plants, in India. The generation of slag would be dual problem in disposal difficulty and environmental pollution. Some strategies should be used to utilize the slag effectively. Considering physical properties of metallurgical slags and a series of possibilities for their use in the field of civil constructions, this report demonstrates the possibilities of using air cooled blast furnace slag as partial replacement of sand in concrete. A total of five concrete mixes, containing 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50% partial replacement of regular sand with air cooled blast furnace slag are investigated in the laboratory. These mixes were tested to determine axial compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength for 7days, 28days, 56days and 90days.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
1. The document presents the shear strength characteristics of a low-lime Class F fly ash modified with lime alone or in combination with gypsum through unconfined compression and triaxial tests.
2. Addition of small amounts of gypsum (0.5-1%) along with lime (4-10%) enhanced the shear strength of the modified fly ash within short curing periods of 7-28 days.
3. The cohesion of the Class F fly ash increased up to 3,150% with addition of 10% lime and 1% gypsum after 28 days of curing.
A Review Paper on Strength Development of SCMS Based Geopolymer Cementijtsrd
Ten to 50 of the world's total carbon dioxide emissions come from producing cement. The global warming gas is discharged once stone and clays are crushed and heated to high temperatures. New age concrete is outlined as a concrete that uses the waste product as a minimum of one among its parts, or its production method doesnt cause environmental destruction, or its high performance and life cycle property. Varied efforts are conducted by researchers to make some alternatives that can considerably cut back high energy consumed and environmental impacts throughout the fabrication method of cement, together with implementing the idea of commercial ecology. The cleaner technologies in concrete production, like work comparatively high proportion of cement by fly ash up to 100 , the utilization of different natural pozzolans, development of concrete with usage or waste materials, and developing of new age concrete by using polymerization of concrete the present reviews about performance of geopolymer concrete with the SCM materials Fly ash and GGBS M. Anil Kumar | Mr. K. Naga Rajesh "A Review Paper on Strength Development of SCMS Based Geopolymer Cement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27963.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/27963/a-review-paper-on-strength-development-of-scms-based-geopolymer-cement/m-anil-kumar
UTILIZATION OF COPPER SLAG AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONC...AM Publications
Today’s world is facing challenging and unsolved environmental problem such as global warming, forest destruction and lack of resources. In order to solve these environmental problems, resources recycling have to be done in environmentally safer methods. As there is a vast scarcity the production of aggregates for concrete the recycled materials have great demand. The present study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. In this report, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 40%, 80% and 100% in concrete. In the first case along with replacement of copper slag with sand there is an attempt is made to replace the cement with 50% flyash similarly in second case for 30% replacement of cement with flyash replacement and in the third case with no replacement of cement with flyash. The obtained results were compared with those of nominal concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and sand. Further split tensile strength and flexural strength studies were also performed to check its durability aspects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of geopolymer concrete. It discusses that geopolymer concrete completely replaces Portland cement, reducing CO2 emissions. Geopolymer concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash or GGBS reacted with an alkaline activator like sodium silicate. The document reviews several studies on geopolymer concrete properties using different mixes, curing methods, and molarities. In general, the studies found that geopolymer concrete strength increases with higher molarity and temperature curing. Replacing fly ash partially with GGBS also increased strength. Geopolymer concrete properties depend on the alkaline activator ratio and curing conditions.
IRJET-Study on Strength and Durability Aspects of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders to replace cement. Various mix designs were tested with different ratios of fly ash to GGBS. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cubes increased with an increasing percentage of GGBS in the mix. The highest compressive strength of 66MPa was observed for a mix with a 60% fly ash and 40% GGBS ratio. Additionally, sorptivity tests found that geopolymer concrete has lower water absorption than traditional concrete, indicating better durability. The study demonstrates that geopolymer concrete
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement w...IRJET Journal
- The document examines the effect of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete.
- Tests were conducted on concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement. Results showed compressive strength decreased with higher fly ash content.
- At 28 days, strength was reduced by 4.57%, 12.2%, and 20.55% for 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement respectively. Workability increased with more fly ash.
Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of ConcreteAM Publications
In this work, an extensive study using copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. For, 2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated at every ton of copper production in the world of copper industry, it has approximately 26.6 million tons of copper slag are generated. Copper slag as a substitute for conventional fine aggregate with partial or full replacement using M25 grade concrete The main objective is to encourage the use of these seemingly waste products as a construction material. In this paper , the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on properties of cement mortars and concrete various mortars & concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from (0CS+100S)%, (10CS+90S)%, (20CS+80S)%,(30CS+70S)%, (40CS+60S)%, (50CS+50S)%, (60CS+40S)%, (70CS+30S)%, (80CS+20S)%, (90CS+10S)%, (100+0S)%. Form the above test result we concluded that the 50% CS+50% S gives optimum proportional of CS that can be used as a replacement substitute material for fine aggregate in concrete. The design M25 grade concrete for 50% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. The design M25 grade concrete for 30% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. We can fully replace (100%CS) by fine aggregate in concrete, because of above all test result more than control mix. We can use any proportion of CS replacement as pre our requirement for creating concrete, because we concluded that the all result of replacement of CS is more than control mix.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on the effect of industrial byproducts on the strength properties of high performance concrete. Specifically, it examines partially replacing cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate with silica fume, bottom ash, and steel slag aggregate. There were a total of 15 mixes created with different material contents, including one conventional concrete mix. Testing found that replacing cement with 5% silica fume and replacing fine and coarse aggregate with 10% bottom ash and steel slag achieved higher strengths compared to other mixes. The mixes were classified as binary combinations of two materials or ternary combinations of all three materials.
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Optimization of alkali activation of ground granulated slag with mining tailseSAT Publishing House
This document describes an experiment to optimize the formulation of an alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag composite by adding mining tails and wollastonite microfibers. Previous research achieved a 7-day compressive strength of 55.15 MPa with 10% wollastonite but the formulation was too expensive. The current study tested adding mine tailings to reduce costs while maintaining strength. Results showed that with 2 parts mine tailings and 20% wollastonite, the 7-day strength was 41.36 MPa and costs were reduced by 2/3. A design of experiments then evaluated compressive strength with varying levels of mine tailings and wollastonite.
This document reviews the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes 12 previous studies that investigated replacing sand with copper slag at various percentages. The key findings of the studies are:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete generally increase when replacing up to 40% of fine aggregate with copper slag.
- Workability of concrete mixes also tends to increase with copper slag replacement due to its physical properties.
- Copper slag concrete shows improved resistance to sulfate attack compared to traditional concrete.
- Maximum strength gains are observed around 20-40% fine aggregate replacement with copper slag. Beyond 50% replacement, strengths start to decrease.
- Copper slag
IRJET- Experimental Study on Bond Strength and Flexural Strength of Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the bond strength and flexural strength of concrete using fly ash, copper slag, and recycled aggregate. It begins with an introduction on the use of industrial byproducts and waste materials in concrete to address sustainability issues. A literature review summarizes previous research showing that partial replacement of cement with fly ash, fine aggregate with copper slag, and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate can improve concrete properties. The document then describes the materials used in the study, including their properties. It presents a control concrete mix design and concludes by stating the study will examine the effect of adding copper slag, fly ash, and recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete.
Concrete mix design using copper slag as fine aggregateIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on using copper slag as a replacement for natural sand in concrete mixes. Various mix designs were tested with 0-60% replacement of sand with copper slag. The key findings were that an equivalent volume replacement method had to be used instead of weight replacement to maintain a consistent concrete yield of 1 cubic meter. Experimental testing of the mixes examined the compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of the different copper slag concretes. Overall the results indicated the copper slag performed similarly or better than the natural sand control mix.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
This document presents research on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cement replacement by fly ash. The cubes were cured in water as well as 1%, 3%, and 5% sulfuric acid solutions. Compressive strength was tested at 28, 60, and 90 days. Results showed that cubes with 10% fly ash replacement had the highest strength when cured in water and acid solutions. Fly ash concrete also demonstrated improved durability in acidic environments compared to normal concrete. In general, fly ash concrete performed better with increasing curing time and showed potential to enhance concrete durability.
Study on mechanical properties of concrete with industrial wasteseSAT Journals
Abstract
Utilization of Industrial waste, construction waste, agriculture waste, commercial waste etc... In concrete plays a vital role in minimizing the disposal problems. Over 300 million tons of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials poses problems of disposal, health hazards and aesthetic problem. Hypo Sludge (HS) is a waste material produced from paper industry that can used as a cement replacement material in concrete since the lime content in the sludge is large. Copper slag is a waste material produced from copper manufacturing process and this can be used as a replacement material for fine aggregate (sand) since the particle size similar to sand. During the present study, an attempt had been made to study the mechanical properties of concrete in which Hypo sludge and Copper slag were as a replacement material for cement and fine aggregate respectively. Replacement percentage used during this study were 10%, 20% and 30% of Hypo sludge for cement. Fine aggregate was replaced with 30%, 40% and 50% of Copper slag. Compressive strength of cubes were found on 7th, 28th and 56th days. Split tensile strengths of the cylinders were found on 28th and 56th days. Flexural strengths of prism specimens were found on 28th day. It has been found that usage of Hypo sludge and Copper slag as a replacement material has beneficial effects on the Mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords: Hypo sludge, Copper slag, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
Compressive Strength of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ashijtsrd
This document presents the results of an experimental study that investigated the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement by fly ash. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study aimed to determine the workability and compressive strength of M25 grade concrete with 0-20% replacement of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) by fly ash. Concrete mixes were designed according to IS 10262-2009 and tested for slump and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that up to 20% replacement of PPC with fly ash did not significantly compromise the compressive strength of the concrete.
This study investigated the effects of using different percentages of expanded clay aggregates (ECA) as a replacement for normal coarse aggregates in concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement of ECA and tested for compressive strength and flexural strength after 28 days of curing. The results showed that as the percentage of ECA increased, the density and strengths of the concrete decreased. Concretes with higher ECA content achieved lower compressive strengths but still met the requirements for structural lightweight concrete. The study concluded that this lightweight concrete can be used in places where external forces are minimal as its strength is only sufficient to support its own weight.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES ON GEOPOL...Journal For Research
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the compressive strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete made with ultra-fine ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Several mix designs were tested with different ratios of GGBS, fly ash, and ultra-fine GGBS. The mix with 20% replacement of ultra-fine GGBS achieved the highest compressive strength of 91.1 MPa. Durability tests also showed improved results for mixes with higher ultra-fine GGBS content, as it reduced voids in the concrete. The study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete made with ultra-fine GGBS can provide high strength and durability suitable for construction applications.
INVESTIGATION ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE KERB STONEIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using geopolymer concrete for kerb stones as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from alumino-silicate materials like fly ash instead of cement, reducing the environmental impact. The study aims to develop a drain-integrated kerb system using fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with varying amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate replacement. Materials were tested and mix proportions were designed for M-40 grade concrete. Specimens were cast and cured, then tested for compressive and flexural strength. Results showed that geopolymer concrete with 0% RAP replacement had the highest strengths compared to mixes with 50% and
THE EFFECT OF GLASS FIBER ON FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USING RECYCLED...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding glass fibers to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete that uses recycled aggregates. The researchers tested geopolymer concretes made with 50%, 80%, and 100% recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacements for natural coarse aggregates. Glass fibers ranging from 0.5-3.5% by weight were added to determine their effect on compressive strength. The results showed that up to 2.5% glass fiber improved compressive strength, but more than 2.5% did not provide further gains. Recycled aggregates reduced compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths compared to natural aggregates, but the lower shrinkage of geopolymer concrete compensated for the higher shrink
UTILIZATION OF COPPER SLAG AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONC...AM Publications
Today’s world is facing challenging and unsolved environmental problem such as global warming, forest destruction and lack of resources. In order to solve these environmental problems, resources recycling have to be done in environmentally safer methods. As there is a vast scarcity the production of aggregates for concrete the recycled materials have great demand. The present study mainly focuses on investigating the effect of using copper slag as a replacement of fine aggregate on the strength properties. In this report, M25 grade concrete was used and tests were conducted for various proportions of copper slag replacement with sand of 40%, 80% and 100% in concrete. In the first case along with replacement of copper slag with sand there is an attempt is made to replace the cement with 50% flyash similarly in second case for 30% replacement of cement with flyash replacement and in the third case with no replacement of cement with flyash. The obtained results were compared with those of nominal concrete made with ordinary Portland cement and sand. Further split tensile strength and flexural strength studies were also performed to check its durability aspects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document provides an overview of geopolymer concrete. It discusses that geopolymer concrete completely replaces Portland cement, reducing CO2 emissions. Geopolymer concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash or GGBS reacted with an alkaline activator like sodium silicate. The document reviews several studies on geopolymer concrete properties using different mixes, curing methods, and molarities. In general, the studies found that geopolymer concrete strength increases with higher molarity and temperature curing. Replacing fly ash partially with GGBS also increased strength. Geopolymer concrete properties depend on the alkaline activator ratio and curing conditions.
IRJET-Study on Strength and Durability Aspects of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders to replace cement. Various mix designs were tested with different ratios of fly ash to GGBS. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cubes increased with an increasing percentage of GGBS in the mix. The highest compressive strength of 66MPa was observed for a mix with a 60% fly ash and 40% GGBS ratio. Additionally, sorptivity tests found that geopolymer concrete has lower water absorption than traditional concrete, indicating better durability. The study demonstrates that geopolymer concrete
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
Effect on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement w...IRJET Journal
- The document examines the effect of partial cement replacement with fly ash on the compressive strength of concrete.
- Tests were conducted on concrete cubes with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement. Results showed compressive strength decreased with higher fly ash content.
- At 28 days, strength was reduced by 4.57%, 12.2%, and 20.55% for 10%, 20%, and 30% fly ash replacement respectively. Workability increased with more fly ash.
Effect of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate on Properties of ConcreteAM Publications
In this work, an extensive study using copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. Copper slag is an industrial by-product material produced from the process of manufacturing copper. For, 2.2 tonnes of copper slag is generated at every ton of copper production in the world of copper industry, it has approximately 26.6 million tons of copper slag are generated. Copper slag as a substitute for conventional fine aggregate with partial or full replacement using M25 grade concrete The main objective is to encourage the use of these seemingly waste products as a construction material. In this paper , the effect of using copper slag as a fine aggregate on properties of cement mortars and concrete various mortars & concrete mixtures were prepared with different proportions of copper slag ranging from (0CS+100S)%, (10CS+90S)%, (20CS+80S)%,(30CS+70S)%, (40CS+60S)%, (50CS+50S)%, (60CS+40S)%, (70CS+30S)%, (80CS+20S)%, (90CS+10S)%, (100+0S)%. Form the above test result we concluded that the 50% CS+50% S gives optimum proportional of CS that can be used as a replacement substitute material for fine aggregate in concrete. The design M25 grade concrete for 50% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. The design M25 grade concrete for 30% replacement of CS shows the HPC characteristics. We can fully replace (100%CS) by fine aggregate in concrete, because of above all test result more than control mix. We can use any proportion of CS replacement as pre our requirement for creating concrete, because we concluded that the all result of replacement of CS is more than control mix.
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on the effect of industrial byproducts on the strength properties of high performance concrete. Specifically, it examines partially replacing cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate with silica fume, bottom ash, and steel slag aggregate. There were a total of 15 mixes created with different material contents, including one conventional concrete mix. Testing found that replacing cement with 5% silica fume and replacing fine and coarse aggregate with 10% bottom ash and steel slag achieved higher strengths compared to other mixes. The mixes were classified as binary combinations of two materials or ternary combinations of all three materials.
MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST ...IEI GSC
Presentation on MIXTURE DESIGN OF FLY ASH & SLAG BASED ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE FOR PRECAST CONCRETE
made by Daxesh Patel under guidance of Prof Sonal Thakkar at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Optimization of alkali activation of ground granulated slag with mining tailseSAT Publishing House
This document describes an experiment to optimize the formulation of an alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag composite by adding mining tails and wollastonite microfibers. Previous research achieved a 7-day compressive strength of 55.15 MPa with 10% wollastonite but the formulation was too expensive. The current study tested adding mine tailings to reduce costs while maintaining strength. Results showed that with 2 parts mine tailings and 20% wollastonite, the 7-day strength was 41.36 MPa and costs were reduced by 2/3. A design of experiments then evaluated compressive strength with varying levels of mine tailings and wollastonite.
This document reviews the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes 12 previous studies that investigated replacing sand with copper slag at various percentages. The key findings of the studies are:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete generally increase when replacing up to 40% of fine aggregate with copper slag.
- Workability of concrete mixes also tends to increase with copper slag replacement due to its physical properties.
- Copper slag concrete shows improved resistance to sulfate attack compared to traditional concrete.
- Maximum strength gains are observed around 20-40% fine aggregate replacement with copper slag. Beyond 50% replacement, strengths start to decrease.
- Copper slag
IRJET- Experimental Study on Bond Strength and Flexural Strength of Concrete ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the bond strength and flexural strength of concrete using fly ash, copper slag, and recycled aggregate. It begins with an introduction on the use of industrial byproducts and waste materials in concrete to address sustainability issues. A literature review summarizes previous research showing that partial replacement of cement with fly ash, fine aggregate with copper slag, and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate can improve concrete properties. The document then describes the materials used in the study, including their properties. It presents a control concrete mix design and concludes by stating the study will examine the effect of adding copper slag, fly ash, and recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete.
Concrete mix design using copper slag as fine aggregateIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on using copper slag as a replacement for natural sand in concrete mixes. Various mix designs were tested with 0-60% replacement of sand with copper slag. The key findings were that an equivalent volume replacement method had to be used instead of weight replacement to maintain a consistent concrete yield of 1 cubic meter. Experimental testing of the mixes examined the compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of the different copper slag concretes. Overall the results indicated the copper slag performed similarly or better than the natural sand control mix.
Fly Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete and Durability Study o...IJERD Editor
This document presents research on the use of fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Concrete cubes were produced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% cement replacement by fly ash. The cubes were cured in water as well as 1%, 3%, and 5% sulfuric acid solutions. Compressive strength was tested at 28, 60, and 90 days. Results showed that cubes with 10% fly ash replacement had the highest strength when cured in water and acid solutions. Fly ash concrete also demonstrated improved durability in acidic environments compared to normal concrete. In general, fly ash concrete performed better with increasing curing time and showed potential to enhance concrete durability.
Study on mechanical properties of concrete with industrial wasteseSAT Journals
Abstract
Utilization of Industrial waste, construction waste, agriculture waste, commercial waste etc... In concrete plays a vital role in minimizing the disposal problems. Over 300 million tons of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials poses problems of disposal, health hazards and aesthetic problem. Hypo Sludge (HS) is a waste material produced from paper industry that can used as a cement replacement material in concrete since the lime content in the sludge is large. Copper slag is a waste material produced from copper manufacturing process and this can be used as a replacement material for fine aggregate (sand) since the particle size similar to sand. During the present study, an attempt had been made to study the mechanical properties of concrete in which Hypo sludge and Copper slag were as a replacement material for cement and fine aggregate respectively. Replacement percentage used during this study were 10%, 20% and 30% of Hypo sludge for cement. Fine aggregate was replaced with 30%, 40% and 50% of Copper slag. Compressive strength of cubes were found on 7th, 28th and 56th days. Split tensile strengths of the cylinders were found on 28th and 56th days. Flexural strengths of prism specimens were found on 28th day. It has been found that usage of Hypo sludge and Copper slag as a replacement material has beneficial effects on the Mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords: Hypo sludge, Copper slag, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
Compressive Strength of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ashijtsrd
This document presents the results of an experimental study that investigated the compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement by fly ash. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The study aimed to determine the workability and compressive strength of M25 grade concrete with 0-20% replacement of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) by fly ash. Concrete mixes were designed according to IS 10262-2009 and tested for slump and compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that up to 20% replacement of PPC with fly ash did not significantly compromise the compressive strength of the concrete.
This study investigated the effects of using different percentages of expanded clay aggregates (ECA) as a replacement for normal coarse aggregates in concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement of ECA and tested for compressive strength and flexural strength after 28 days of curing. The results showed that as the percentage of ECA increased, the density and strengths of the concrete decreased. Concretes with higher ECA content achieved lower compressive strengths but still met the requirements for structural lightweight concrete. The study concluded that this lightweight concrete can be used in places where external forces are minimal as its strength is only sufficient to support its own weight.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES ON GEOPOL...Journal For Research
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the compressive strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete made with ultra-fine ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Several mix designs were tested with different ratios of GGBS, fly ash, and ultra-fine GGBS. The mix with 20% replacement of ultra-fine GGBS achieved the highest compressive strength of 91.1 MPa. Durability tests also showed improved results for mixes with higher ultra-fine GGBS content, as it reduced voids in the concrete. The study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete made with ultra-fine GGBS can provide high strength and durability suitable for construction applications.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES ON GEOPOL...
Similar to IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight Aggregates with Combination of Lightweight Aggregates in Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete
INVESTIGATION ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE KERB STONEIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into using geopolymer concrete for kerb stones as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from alumino-silicate materials like fly ash instead of cement, reducing the environmental impact. The study aims to develop a drain-integrated kerb system using fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with varying amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate replacement. Materials were tested and mix proportions were designed for M-40 grade concrete. Specimens were cast and cured, then tested for compressive and flexural strength. Results showed that geopolymer concrete with 0% RAP replacement had the highest strengths compared to mixes with 50% and
THE EFFECT OF GLASS FIBER ON FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE USING RECYCLED...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding glass fibers to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete that uses recycled aggregates. The researchers tested geopolymer concretes made with 50%, 80%, and 100% recycled coarse aggregates as partial replacements for natural coarse aggregates. Glass fibers ranging from 0.5-3.5% by weight were added to determine their effect on compressive strength. The results showed that up to 2.5% glass fiber improved compressive strength, but more than 2.5% did not provide further gains. Recycled aggregates reduced compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths compared to natural aggregates, but the lower shrinkage of geopolymer concrete compensated for the higher shrink
Strength Study of copper slag & Fly Ash With Replacement Of Aggregate's In Co...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using industrial byproducts like fly ash and copper slag to replace aggregates in concrete for road construction. The study aims to address issues with excessive sand usage by finding sustainable alternatives. Concrete samples of different grades were produced by replacing natural sand with copper slag at varying percentages. The samples were tested for load carrying capacity and flexural strength. The results showed that concrete with 100% copper slag replacement performed similarly to normal concrete, indicating that copper slag can successfully replace sand in concrete for roads. The document also reviews several other studies on using industrial wastes in construction and their findings.
IRJET- Study of Geopolymer Concrete using Granite Slurry as Sand Replacem...IRJET Journal
This document studies the properties of geopolymer concrete using granite slurry to replace river sand at different replacement levels. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are used in a 30:70 ratio as geopolymer materials. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution are used as an alkaline activator at a molar ratio of 0.56. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths of the concrete mixtures are tested at 28 days. Additionally, beam-column joints are cast using different replacement levels of granite slurry and tested under half cyclic loading to study properties such as load-deflection behavior, ductility, and stiffness degradation. Test results show that strengths increase with granite slurry replacement up to 30
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coars...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the effects of partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder in concrete. M30 concrete mixes were designed using the ISI method. Cubes and cylinders were cast with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with cinder and tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength generally decreased as the cinder replacement ratio increased. The highest strengths were obtained with 40-60% cinder replacement. Overall, partially replacing coarse aggregate with cinder produced lightweight concrete with reasonably good strength.
This study examined the effects of different proportions of light weight expanded clay aggregates on the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement of coarse aggregates with expanded clay aggregates. The mixtures also included 10% silica fume and 1.6% polyvinyl alcohol to replace cement and water. Test results found that compressive and flexural strength decreased as the expanded clay aggregate content increased. However, the densities of the concretes were significantly lower than conventional concrete, indicating light weight concrete is suitable when self-weight needs to be reduced.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
A Study and Analysis on Durability and Mechanical Properties of High Strengt...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the durability and mechanical properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. The study aims to develop M60 grade concrete and determine effective proportions of silica fume and fly ash replacements. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at various ages, split tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days. Durability tests like rapid chloride permeability and water absorption were also conducted on specimens with different silica fume and fly ash replacements to cement. The study found that partial replacements of cement with silica fume and fly ash can improve the mechanical and durability properties of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggreg...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% replacement of sand with GBFS. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that GBFS can partially replace sand in concrete, with strengths comparable to the control mixture depending on the replacement level. Using GBFS provides benefits of reducing environmental impacts from sand mining and disposal of industrial waste slag.
IRJET- Investigate Curing Behavior of Fly Ash based Polymeric Ferrocement Con...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the curing behavior of fly ash-based polymeric ferrocement concrete. Fly ash-based geopolymer mortar was used instead of cement mortar, and was activated using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate alkaline activators. The investigation studied the effects of different curing conditions (oven, steam, membrane, accelerated, and natural sunlight) on flexural behavior. It also analyzed the effect of adding chicken wire mesh layers on flexural strength. Testing was performed on 500mm x 500mm x 50mm samples containing fly ash-geopolymer mix and chicken wire mesh.
A Study on the Variation of Strength Properties of concrete with Replacement ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the variation of strength properties of concrete with the replacement of cement using nano-silica and fly ash. It aims to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement by 20-30% fly ash and 2-6% nano-silica. The experimental results found that the mechanical strength and durability of concrete mixtures with nano-silica and fly ash were greater than that of normal concrete without replacements.
The document provides a literature review on the properties of concrete with fractional replacement of recycled coarse aggregates. It discusses 3 main points:
1) Several studies have shown that replacing natural coarse aggregates with recycled concrete aggregates can reduce the compressive strength of concrete, but treating recycled aggregates with water and acid can improve strengths.
2) Other studies found that replacing sand with copper slag as a fine aggregate and using recycled concrete aggregates as coarse aggregates can increase compressive strength up to 30% replacement.
3) The literature review concludes that compressive strength generally increases with higher quality recycled aggregates and copper slag, and workability increases with more copper slag. Strengths are also improved by the hardness of recycled aggregates and copper slag.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR AND LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF LIGHT ...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior and load carrying capacity of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) using walnut shell as a coarse aggregate replacement. Walnut shell was used to replace 35% of the coarse aggregate volume in self-compacting concrete mixes. Fly ash was also used as a mineral admixture. The fresh and hardened properties of LWSCC mixes were tested and compared to conventional self-compacting concrete. The results showed that LWSCC mixes achieved similar workability and mechanical properties to conventional self-compacting concrete. In particular, a slump flow diameter of 560mm, compressive strength of 34MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.22MP
An Experimental Study on Sintered Fly Ash Aggregate Concrete Modified With Na...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study on concrete made with 100% replacement of natural aggregates with sintered fly ash aggregates. Various mixes were tested with partial replacement of cement (11%) with silica fume, slag, and fly ash, along with additions of nano aluminum oxide (Al2O3) at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of the replaced cement. Specimens were cast and tested for properties such as compressive strength and mode-II fracture behavior. The aim was to develop a more sustainable concrete by utilizing industrial waste materials and improving mechanical properties with nano additions.
Effect of mineral admixtures on characteristics of high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
There is great need to conserve all the natural resources. The various steps to be adopted in the direction that includes minimization of production of energy consuming materials and heavy utilization of industrial by-products. High strength concrete can be produce using such materials like fly ash, slag and silica fumes. In many countries, these materials are already used in manufacturing of concrete. Some of these material can be used as replacement for cement. Ultimately it results in the reduction of the cost manufacturing of concrete and reduces environmental pollution. To study the effect of mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume on mechanical properties of high strength concrete under the uniaxial compression and split tensile, experimental studies have been conducted. The cement was replaced by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% with fly ash and slag respectively. The compressive strength and split tensile test were conducted on concrete specimen with different percentages of fly ash and slag at age of 7 days, 28 days and 56 days. This study shows that materials used in this experiment are suitable for HSC.
Keywords: environmental pollution, fly ash, slag and silica fumes
Effect of steel fiber and poly propylene fiber on the strength properties of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding steel fibers and polypropylene fibers to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study used low-calcium fly ash as the source material and an alkaline activator solution made from sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Steel fibers with an aspect ratio of 60 and polypropylene fibers with an aspect ratio of 240 were added in varying volume fractions to geopolymer concrete mixes. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete beams were then tested and compared to non-fiber mixes.
STUDY ON COMBINATION OF HYPO SLUDGE AND SILICA FUME AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on using a combination of hypo sludge and silica fume as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Hypo sludge is a waste produced by paper mills, while silica fume is a byproduct of silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production. The study aims to determine the optimum percentage replacement of cement with these materials to achieve the target compressive strength of M25 grade concrete. Concrete cubes with varying percentages of hypo sludge and silica fume replacement were tested, and results showed that combinations of 5% hypo sludge with 20% silica fume and 10% hypo sludge with 15% silica fume achieved strengths equivalent to conventional concrete after 28 days of curing
Effect of Severe Environmental Exposure on Properties of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of severe environmental exposure on the properties of geopolymer concrete. The study developed geopolymer concrete with fly ash as the binder material activated with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. Specimens were tested for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength after curing and after immersion in 5% sulfuric acid for periods of time. Results showed geopolymer concrete achieved compressive strengths from 32-38 MPa and had higher residual strengths after acid exposure compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete. The study aimed to evaluate the durability and acid resistance of fly ash geopolymer concrete.
Effect of Steel Fiber on Alkali activated Fly Ash ConcreteIJERA Editor
Concrete is the world’s most important Construction material so the demand of cement is increases. The
production of cement is highly energy intensive & the production on one ton of cement liberates about one ton
of CO2 to atmosphere. The contribution of cement industry to the greenhouse gas emission is estimated to be
about 70% of the total green gas emission. Also it consumes large amount of natural resources. Hence it is
essential to find alternative to cement. Geopolymer concrete is an innovative material in which the binder is
produced but the reaction of an alkaline liquid with a source material that is rich in silica alumina.
The present work deals with the result of the experimental investigation carried out on geopolymer concrete
using steel fiber. The study analyses the effect of steel on compressive strength. Geopolymer concrete mixes
were prepared using low calcium fly ash & activated by alkaline solution. (NaOH & Na2SiO3) with alkaline
liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35 Alkaline solution. Used for present study combination of sodium hydroxide &
sodium silicate with ratio 2.5. The mix was designed for molarity of 16M & grade chosen for investigation was
M30. Hooked end steel fiber . All tests were conducted according to IS-code procedure. The result for each
variation are tabulated & discussed in details & some important conclusions are made.
Similar to IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight Aggregates with Combination of Lightweight Aggregates in Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
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2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
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This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
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Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
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A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
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This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
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2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
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This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
IRJET-An Experimental Study on Effect of Partial Replacement of Normal Weight Aggregates with Combination of Lightweight Aggregates in Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete