The document discusses the importance of transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses and the need for sustainable internet growth. It highlights the varying levels of IPv6 adoption across regions and emphasizes the critical role of government policies in facilitating this transition. Recommendations for the South Asia Telecommunication Regulatory Council (SATRC) include multi-stakeholder cooperation and proactive approaches to IPv6 deployment.

1. Governmental Policy and
IPv6 Adoption: Strategic
Linkages
SATRC 15th Meeting, 05 August 2014, Paro, Bhutan
Sunny Chendi
APNIC

2. Agenda
• About Internet and APNIC
– About Internet Protocol: IPv4 and IPv6
• IPv4 addresses exhaustion and need to adopt IPv6
• IPv6 readiness in the world
• Linkage between government policies and IPv6 adoption
• Recommendations to SATRC
2

3. About the Internet and
APNIC
• About the Internet and APNIC
• IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
• Impact of IPv4 address
exhaustion
3

4. About Internet and APNIC
• The Internet: a global system of interconnected computer
networks
– Internet Protocol (IP) provide connectivity
– IPv4 and IPv6 addresses = Internet resources

5. About Internet and APNIC
• Regional Internet Registries (RIR)
– Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC)
– Open membership-based industry bodies
– Non-profit, neutral, and independent
– Internet resource allocation, registration and other services such as
training, supporting infrastructure, community cooperation

6. How the hell does the Internet know I’m a dog?
About Internet Protocol (IP)
• On the Internet you are nothing but IP addresses
– Not same as a domain name
– Packets, addressing and routing
– Two types: IPv4 and IPv6
– Every device directly connected to the Internet needs a unique IP
address
– IP address space is finite

7. Recap
• Size of IPv4 addresses
– 32-bit address
– Unit to describe a size of IP address space
• / = slash notation
• /8 = 224 = about 16.5 million IPv4 addresses
• /16 = 216 = about 65,000 IPv4 addresses
• /24 = 28 = 256 IPv4 addresses
– 232 = about 4.2 billion IP addresses
• 232 = 256 x /8 IPv4 address space

8. IP Addresses: IPv4 vs. IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
Deployed 1981 Deployed 1999
32-bit address
192.149.252.76
128-bit address
2001:DB8:0234:AB00:0123:4567:8901:ABCD
Address space
232 = ~4,000,000,000
Address space
2128 = ~340,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000
Security, autoconfig, QoS,
mobility added later (IPSec etc)
Security, autoconfig, QoS
“built-in” (IPSec etc)
Reached the final /8: April 2011 Projected lifetime: Indefinite*
* We don't know how long IPv6 will last, but the RIRs we cannot
contemplate IPv6 exhaustion in the foreseeable future

9. IPv4 address exhaustion
• IPv4 addresses reached the final free pool
– APNIC (April 2011)
– RIPE (Sept 2012)
– LACNIC (June 2014)
• APNIC members
– /22 from the final pool
– /22 from IANA returned pool
9
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/

10. Impact of IPv4 address exhaustion
• Immediate impact
– ISPs will no longer be able to obtain IPv4 addresses from APNIC
• Survive for a short time of period with their own pool
• Business continuity of ISPs and other Internet multi-stakeholders in question
– Need to find alternative source for IPv4 addresses
• No sustainable alternative options
• Prolonged impact
– Difficulties to maintain sustainable Internet growth
– No more new entries to the Internet market place
– Impediment of further technological development
10

11. Why do we need IPv6
• IPv6 is the only viable option we have now
– Much larger address space than IPv4
– Enable sustainable growth of the Internet
– Possibilities of emergence of new technologies
• More non-computing devices, and mobile devices
connecting to the Internet
– Ever increasing always on end users using global IP addresses

12. What does this mean to all of us?
• Internet industry is facing a biggest challenge; the biggest
since inception of the Internet
• Internet multi-stakeholders need to transit to IPv6
• Government support for IPv6 deployment is critical to
maintain global competitiveness

13. IPv6 readiness in the
world
• IPv6 deployment status
13

14. IPv6 transit AS
IPv6 readiness in Internet core
14
http://6lab.cisco.com/stats/index.php

15. World ranking: IPv6 ready websites
15
http://www.vyncke.org/ipv6status/
24/06/2014

16. IPv6 measurement - End user
readiness: World
16
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Regions/001%20World/ as of 24/06/2014
Data source from “flash” and “JavaScript”
and including viewers from mobile devices
16 Nov 13
IPv6 preferred: 2.45
about 30% increase in 6 months

17. Global IPv6 deployment leaderboard
(commercial operators)
17
ASN Entity Economy IPv6
preferred
rate
22394 Cellco Verizon Wireless US 63.39
6848 Telenet N.V BE 45.73
10091 StarHub Cable Vision Ltd SG 43.48
18126 CTCX Chubu Telecommunications Company; Inc. JP 37.72
31334 Kabel Deutschland Vertrieb und Service GmbH DE 34.78
2516 KDDI KDDI CORPORATION JP 30.29
3303 Swisscom Ltd CH 27.00
29562 Kable BW GmbH DE 25.88
55430 STARHUBINTERNET-AS-NGNBN Starhub Internet Pte Ltd SG 24.93
21928 T-Mobile USA US 24.81
41164 GET Norway NO 20.38
7018 AT&T US 20.36
12322 Free SAS FR 19.89
7922 Comcast Cable Communications US 19.83
4739 INTERNODE-AS Internode Pty Ltd AU 19.37
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/AS/ 24/06/2014

18. An example: Singapore
18
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/SG/ 20/05//2014

19. AS55430: StarHub Internet
19
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/AS/5/5/4/3/0/ 24/06//2014

20. An example: Japan
20
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/JP/ 24/06//2014

21. AS18126: CTCX Chubu
Telecommunications Company
21
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/AS/1/8/1/2/6/ 24/06//2014

22. An example: Bangladesh
22
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/BD/ 15/07/2014

23. An example: India
23
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/IN15/07/2014

24. An example: Nepal
24
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/NP15/07/2014

25. An example: Pakistan
25
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/PK15/07/2014

26. An example: Sri Lanka
26
http://labs.apnic.net/ipv6-measurement/Economies/LK15/07/2014

27. Summary
• IPv6 deployment is increasing steadily
– But varies among regions, economies, and individual ASNs
– Not happening simultaneously
– Some economies and ASNs have been very active in terms of IPv6
deployment
• Once they enable IPv6 in their network and handsets, their end user
readiness grows VERY rapidly
27

28. Growth path of the
Internet
• The next wave of Internet growth
• Planning future growth of your
business
28

29. The Internet: Phenomenal growth
29
http://newsroom.cisco.com/release/1197391/, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm#asia, http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.html
World
16 million users in 1995
2.8 billion users in 2013
Asia:
115 million users in 2000
1 billion users in 2013

30. And the Internet is still growing
30
http://newsroom.cisco.com/release/1197391/, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm#asia, http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.html
3.6 billion Internet
users by 2017 in the
world
Over 47% of the world’s
projected population (7.6
billion)

31. And the Internet is still growing
31
http://newsroom.cisco.com/release/1197391/, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm#asia, http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.html
3.6 billion Internet
users by 2017 in the
world
Over 47% of the world’s
projected population (7.6
billion)
1.33 billion Internet users in Asia by 2015, +30 % from 2013

32. The next wave of Internet growth
• Mobile networks with always on mobile devices
– IP-based services
– Much larger impact on the fundamental nature of the Internet
• Research projects 3G and 4G market share to increase to
53% by 2017
32
http://www.gsmamobileeconomy.com/GSMA%20Mobile%20Economy%202013.pdf

33. Case Study: T-Mobile USA
• T-Mobile USA reconsidered their IP addressing strategy
and chose a scalable option
33
Feasibility and impact
assessment: 9 months
IPv6 user trial in 2010
Reassessment on IP
addressing strategy in 2009
Deployed IPv6-only +
464XLAT, Oct 2013
http://conference.apnic.net/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/58870/tmo-ipv6-feb-2013_1361827441.pdf

34. Case Study: T-Mobile USA
• Did not spend any CAPEX to deploy IPv6
• Introduction feature to handsets
– A slow and careful process
• Launched 5 Android phones with 464XLAT as the default in
Oct 2013
– End users will be assigned with IPv6 as a default
– No IPv4 addresses will be assigned
• 3.6 million unique IPv6 subscribers are active on the
network after five months (as of Feb 2014)
34
https://conference.apnic.net/data/37/464xlat-apricot-2014_1393236641.pdf
https://conference.apnic.net/data/37/v6lessonstmo_1393297978.pdf

35. IPv6 in mobile networks
• 3G+ and 4G (LTE, TD-LTE): Services on voice, messaging
and data are converging on IP-based services
• Rapidly increasing global 3G+ and 4G deployment
– Some mobile network operators have already deployed IPv6
– What is your economy’s situation?
35
Verizon T-Mobile USA

36. Conclusions: A recipe for successful
IPv6 deployment
36
Plan and act Test
IPv6 default for
new customers
in new networks

37. Conclusion
• Linkage between government
policies and IPv6
• Recommendation for SATRC
• APNIC efforts in Internet capacity
development
37

38. Linkage between government policies
and IPv6
• One of three basic components of SATRC Action Plan
(SAP) Phase IV (2012 – 2014)
– Capacity Buildings
• To organize workshops/trainings for the personnel of regulatory
bodies on the recent trends in telecommunication /ICT sector
• Priority items by SATRC Working Group on Policy,
Regulation and Services (SATRC WG-PRS) during SAP
Phase IV:
– Strategies for Migration to IPv6 (Work Item no. PRS1)
– Sustainable Broadband Network for SATRC Countries: Addressing
the Issues of Interconnection and Backhaul Capacity (Work Item
no. PRS4)
http://www.aptsec.org/SAPIV-WGPRS

39. Information sharing:
APEC TEL IPv6 Guidelines
• Published in 2010
– APNIC contributed its development
• Scope of the document
– Lead the industry by example in adopting IPv6
• Ensuring governments’ online presence via IPv4+IPv6
• New procurement requirements with IPv6
– Be ready with transition – do not buy legacy equipment!
– Partnership between governments and industry
• Periodic information exchange and collaboration
– Human capacity development
• Enhance IPv6 skills of technical staff
• IPv6 training programs to be shared
– International and cross-agency cooperation
• Sharing information on IPv6 Best Current Practice
• Avoid duplicating efforts IPv6 implementation
http://www.apec.org/~/media/Files/Groups/TEL/2010_APEC-TEL-IPv6-guidelines-FINAL.doc

40. Information sharing
Governments
• China
– Great leadership shown by the Chinese State Council
– IPv6 mandates to the industry in Nov 2011: SPs in China are
responding to this mandate
• India
– Department of Telecommunications announced a plan to mandate
state government ministries, departments, and public sector to transit
to IPv6 by March 2012, and updated it March 2013
• Singapore
– IPv6 Transition Program lead by Infocomm Development Authority
(iDA) of Singapore since 2010
– Published IPv6 Adoption Guide for Singapore in March 2011
http://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6-program/ipv6-for-governments

41. Recipe for proactive IPv6 support
• Many encouraging activities have been seen in the AP
region
– Updating government ICT procurement criteria with IPv6
– Policies to support deploying IPv6 in government networks with clear
mandate goals and timeframe
• Leading the industry by examples in adopting IPv6
– Partnership between public and private sectors, e.g.,
• Establishing certification mechanism to recognize “IPv6 ready” products
• Launching IPv6 project to raise IPv6 awareness among key stakeholders
• Promoting IPv6 activities through media, events, competitions, awards etc.
– Human capacity development
• Supporting IPv6 skill up trainings to the industry
41

42. Recommendations for SATRC
• Encourage “multi-stakeholder” approach:
– Promote cooperative efforts among governments, industry and users
– Develop a coherent strategy to sustain the transition framework
between IPv4 and IPv6
• Establish a clear guidelines to support IPv6 deployment in SATRC
• Keep up-to-date with topics of IPv4 address exhaustion and
IPv6 transition
• IPv6 skill up – Capacity development

43. Recommendation for SATRC
• Mandate for IPv6 readiness in government procurement
forms for ICT goods and services
• Conduct research on IPv6 readiness in the industry
• Develop policies, guidelines, and roadmaps to enable IPv6
in government and network infrastructure
• Subsidize IPv6 skilling up for industry members to support
human capacity development
• Lead the industry by example in adopting IPv6
• Partnership between government and industry
• Include the necessity of IPv6 deployment in ministerial
statements
43
http://www.apnic.net/community/ipv6-program/ipv6-for-governments

44. How APNIC can contribute
• IPv6 capacity development Provide
– “IPv6 Workshops” in collaboration with regional organizations
• Monitoring IPv6 readiness
– labs.apnic.net
• APNIC works closely with external partners and community
groups to share knowledge and information
– 15 NOGs in the region (and more to come)
– APEC TEL, APT, ASEAN, ITU, and SPC, etc.
• Contribute to your multi-stakeholder outreach efforts
– Regional conferences

45. APNIC Training and Engineering
Assistance
• Building capacity with APNIC Training
– To support resilient and scalable Internet infrastructure
• IPv4 to IPv6 Transition, IPv6 Workshop, Network Security, Routing and
BGP etc.
• Engineering Assistance provided by Internet experts
– Cost recovery basis direct assistance – IP peering, IPv4 and
IPv6 network, Internet infrastructure security
45
training.apnic.net

46. Extensive IPv6 informaton
www.apnic.net/ipv6
46

47. You’re Invited!
• APNIC 38: Brisbane, Australia, 9-19 Sep 2014
• APRICOT 2015: Fukuoka, Japan, 24 Feb-6 Mar 2015
47

48. THANK YOU
www.facebook.com/APNIC
www.twitter.com/apnic
www.youtube.com/apnicmultimedia
www.flickr.com/apnic
www.weibo.com/APNICrir