Ion exclusion chromatography is a technique,introduced by Wheaton and Bauman, used to separate ionic compounds from non-ionic compounds and to separate mixtures of acids.
The slides covers brief description of ion exclusion chromatography. i hope the slides will be helpful
for any further details you can contact me through email.
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
The slides covers brief description of ion exclusion chromatography. i hope the slides will be helpful
for any further details you can contact me through email.
mail id - sobhigaba@gmail.com
HPLC works on the principle of the separation of the material according to their molecular weight and polar FTIR spectroscopy deals with the quantitative measurement of the interaction between IR radiation and materials. FTIR reveals molecular-vibrational transitions and provides characteristic information on molecular structure.
Flash Chromatography is a rapid form of preparative column chromatography based on an optimized pre-packed column through which is pumped solvent at a high flow rate.
The basic theory involved in the flash chromatography is similar to column chromatography except the involvement of pressure.
In column chromatography the flow of mobile phase is due to the gravitational force.
In flash chromatography the flow of mobile phase is under the influence of pressure.
HPLC works on the principle of the separation of the material according to their molecular weight and polar FTIR spectroscopy deals with the quantitative measurement of the interaction between IR radiation and materials. FTIR reveals molecular-vibrational transitions and provides characteristic information on molecular structure.
Flash Chromatography is a rapid form of preparative column chromatography based on an optimized pre-packed column through which is pumped solvent at a high flow rate.
The basic theory involved in the flash chromatography is similar to column chromatography except the involvement of pressure.
In column chromatography the flow of mobile phase is due to the gravitational force.
In flash chromatography the flow of mobile phase is under the influence of pressure.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Ion exclusion chromatography
1. PREPARED BY
ANUSREE V
SECOND SEMESTER M.PHARM
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
AL SHIFA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
ION EXCLUSION
CHROMATOGRAPHY
2. OTHER NAMES
Ion exclusion partition chromatography
Ion chromatography – Exclusion mode
Donnan exclusion chromatography
2
3. INTRODUCTION
First introduced by Wheaton and Bauman in 1953.
IEC is a technique used to separate ionic compounds
from non-ionic compounds and to separate mixtures
of acids.
3
4. PRINCIPLE
Ionic substances pass quickly through the column.
Non-ionic (molecular) or partially ionized substances are
held up and are eluted more slowly.
Functions by Donnan exclusion mechanism.
Mobile phase- liquid (water or aqueous acid or base)
Stationary phase- ion exchange resins
a) Cationic
b) Anionic
4
5. FEATURES CATIONIC
EXCHANGE RESIN
ANIONIC EXCHANGE
RESIN
Counter ion Positively charged Negatively charged
Fixed ion Negatively charged Positively charged
Examples CMC Diethyl
aminoethyl(DEAE),
Triethyl
aminoethyl(TEAE)
Figure
5
6. Chromatographic system consists of 3 phases.
1. Mobile phase
2. Resin phase
3. Occluded liquid phase
The mobile phase passes through the interstitial volume
existing between the beads of the ion-exchange resin.
The resin phase is the solid resin network and functionalized
groups, which can be considered to be a semipermeable ion-
exchange membrane separating the flowing mobile phase
from the stationary occluded liquid inside the resin.
6
7. An occluded liquid phase is formed by mobile phase that
becomes trapped within the pores of the resin phase.
This trapped liquid acts as the stationary phase of the
system.
When the column is filled with water, pumped through as a
mobile phase, the water molecules accumulate as
hydration spheres around the dissociated functional groups
of the support.
Water contained in the pores of the support and in the
hydration spheres is immobilized, thus forming the
stationary phase.
7
8. The commonly accepted retention mechanism of IEC
involves the formation of a pseudo semi-permeable
membrane around the resin stationary phase.
The ion exclusion process relies on the establishment of an
electrical potential between a dil. MP and a stationary phase
of high ion exchange site concentration.
Ionic solutes of similar charge to the stationary phase
(generally sulfonated cation exchangers are used for weak
acid analytes), experience repulsion from the resin surface,
where as neutral species can penetrate the resins pores and
stationary occluded phase, thus experiencing retention.
8
10. Thus, analytes are
separated by :
i. Exclusion or
repulsion if they are
ionized and have the
same charge as the
resin.
ii. Adsorption if they
are non-polar or
partially ionized.
10
11. ADVANTAGES
The eluent is water or aqueous acid or base with little or no
organic modifier, which offers environmental and economic
benefits in addition to compatibility with aqueous sample
matrices.
Difficult separations such as simple aliphatic carboxylic
acids (e.g., formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate) are
possible.
11
12. It is compatible with a wide range of detection methods.
The columns can be ion exchange columns, reversed-phase
or normal-phase columns, or dynamically modified reversed-
phase with an ion pairing agent.
It is stable for long-term analysis of complex samples such as
wine or mustard.
12
14. The typical ion chromatograph consists of an eluent generator
or an eluent reservoir with degassing facilities.
An eluent delivery system including an isocratic or a gradient
high-pressure pump, sample pretreatment and injection
system, which is either a manual valve or an autosampler.
A separation column.
Column packed with stationary phase material.
14
19. 19
A data acquisition system, which is mainly based on personal
computers.
The main feature of typical IC instrumentation is the
suppression system allowing the decrease of background
conductivity of the effluent and providing better sensitivity
for conductimetric detection.
20. APPLICATIONS
Technique is mainly used for the separation of weak
acids, particularly carboxylic acids, but has also been
applied to the separation of carbohydrates, phenols
and amino acids and can also be used for the
separation of weak bases.
20
27. REFERENCE
Skoog, Holler, Crouch; Instrumental Analysis.
Bronislaw Krzysztof Glod, Principles and appications
of ion exclusion chromatography, Acta
chromatographica, January 1997.
K.L. Ng, P.R. Haddad; ACIDS/Liquid
chromatography; Encyclopedia Separation
Science,2000.
27
28. Yal Yashin and A Ya Yashin, HF Walton; Ion exchange/Ion
chromatography instrumentation.
Bronislaw Krzysztof Glod, Marc Baumann; A theoretical
explanation for the retention mechanism of ion exclusion
chromatography; 12 May 2003.
Fotouh R. Mansour Christine L. Kirkpatrick Neil D.
Danielson; Ion Exclusion Chromatography of Aromatic Acids;
Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 51, Issue 7,
August 2013, Pages 655–665.
www.chrom-china.com
quimica.udea.edu.co
28
29. 29
www.semanticscholar.org
K. Tanaka, P.R. Haddad, Ion exlcusion chromatography:
liquid chromatography;Encyclopedia of Separation Science,
2000.
B. Paull, P.N. Nesterenko, in Liquid Chromatography:
Fundamentals and Instrumentation, 2013