This document provides an introduction to spectroscopic surface analysis methods. It discusses three main types of spectroscopic techniques: electron spectroscopic, ion spectroscopic, and photon spectroscopic methods. Electron spectroscopic techniques measure the energy of electrons emitted from a surface, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. The document serves as an overview of spectroscopic analysis techniques for characterizing the composition of solid surfaces.

1. INTRODUCTIONTO
SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
PRESENTED BY GROUP 8

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
• ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD
• ION SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD
• PHOTON SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD

3. INTRODUCTION
SURFACE ENERGY
The surface energy may be defined as the excess energy at the surface of a material
compared to the bulk, or it is the work required to build an area of a particular surface
SOLID SURFACE
A boundary layer between a solid and a vacuum, a gas or a liquid. This definition
recognizes that if we use several surface techniques we may in fact be sampling
different surfaces and may obtain different useful results.
Surface analysis techniques are routinely applied to a broad range of material systems
and high technology industrial products.

4. SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD
• This method provide both qualitative and quantitative chemical information
about the composition of surface layer of a solid.That is few angstroms to
hundreds of angstroms in thickness
• This technique began in the 1950’s
• Spectroscopic technique can be ;
• Electron spectroscopic technique
• Ion spectroscopic technique
• Photon spectroscopic technique

7. Electron spectroscopic method
• In the electron spectroscopy the spectroscopic measurement consist of determination of a
power of the electron beam as a function of the energy ( frequency )of the electron
• The most common type is based upon ;
• Irradiation of the sample surface ( x-ray photon electron spectroscopy) which is also know
as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis
• Auger spectra which is mostly excited by a beam of electrons ( Auger electron
spectroscopy)
• Ultra radiation of monochromatic beam causing ejection of electrons ( ultra violet
photoelectron spectroscopy )

11. REFEERENCES
• Wikipedia.com
• Web.edu.iyte.edu
• Deogiricollege.org