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Introduction to Research Methods in the Social Services 03
- 3. 2. Why are we here? More Words = More Confidence
- 4. Hit the Target First as individuals Then in groups of four
- 5. 3. It All Comes Down the to the Question
- 6. Recall First Class • Observation methods Qualitative Analysis Coding (Abstracting and Comparing)
- 7. Your Question Determines Your Methodology Which, in turn, determines your Methods of data-gathering
- 8. Where to next…. • Locating your questions within a paradigm of research • Outlining the constraints of your research • Time, money, contextual etc • Selecting an appropriate methodology • Make sure there is fusion between the questions, paradigm (theory), constraints, and methodology
- 9. PARADIGM FOCUS QUESTION Positivist/Post- positivist Statistics – Establishing truth and differences How many … What quantifiable differences exist … Constructivist Exploring and constructing truths How do … Feminist Exploring gendered differences and perspectives What are the experiences of boys and girls … How do transgender … Ethnic Exploring ethnic differences and perspectives What are the experiences of Maori and Pakeha … How do Pasifika… Marxist Exploring class differences and perspectives What are the experiences of lower socio- economic and middle-class … How do the poor … Cultural Studies To critique and question current truths and critically examine differences What knowledges/ideas … What are the implications of this particular knowledge …
- 10. Paradigm One: Positivist/Post-positivist • Aim • To track gender/culture/socioeconomic differences • To measure the effectiveness of boot camps as an intervention • Question/s • Are there any differences? • What are these differences? – quantified • Constraints • Numbers/Cash • Statistical knowledge • Methodology • Quantitative • Empirical • Experimental/Quasi-Experimental
- 11. Paradigm Two: Constructivist (1) • Aim • To explore why some young people dislike school • To understand the experiences of young people in an initiative • Question/s • How do young people experience school? • What were the experiences of youth in the initiative? • Constraints • Purpose is quite contained • Confusion over roles (esp youth workers and youth – if involved) • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Ethnography
- 12. Paradigm Two: Constructivist (2) • Aim • To construct an Asian theory of youth development • To construct an understanding of the elements needed for successful mentoring • Question/s • How do Asian young people experience adolescence? • What elements exist in successful mentoring programmes? • Constraints • External validity • Finances • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Ethnography
- 13. Paradigm Three: Feminist• Aim • To explore gendered experiences of boot camps • Question/s • What are the experiences of boys and girls involved in boot camps? Constraints • External validity • Finances • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Ethnography • Relativistic research
- 14. Paradigm Four: Ethnic• Aim • To explore ethnic experiences of boot camps • Question/s • What are the experiences of Pakeha and Maori involved in boot camps? • How are these experiences linked to their lived contexts? • Constraints • External validity • Finances • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Ethnography • Relativistic research
- 15. Paradigm Five: Marxist• Aim • To explore the ways mentoring reinforces/opposes structural inequalities • Question/s • What are the outcomes of mentoring programmes? • What structural differences exist? • How does mentoring work/not work as a hegemonic tool? • Constraints • Finances, Resources etc • External validity • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Quantitative • Relativistic research
- 16. Paradigm Six: Cultural Studies • Aim • To critique the forms of knowledge promoted by youth development initiatives • Question/s • What knowledges do youth development initiatives focus on? • How is this knowledge conveyed and implemented? • What are the implications? • Constraints • Time and knowledge • Knowledge capital • Methodology Qualitative • Mixed Methods • Relativistic research
- 17. Methods and the Paradigms • Textual analysis Qualitative or Quantitative • Positivist, feminist, ethnic, Marxist, cultural studies, • Survey Qualitative or Quantitative • Positivist, Marxist, cultural studies, mixed • Tests Quantitative • Positivist • Observation Qualitative or Quantitative • Positivist, constructivist, cultural studies, mixed • Interviews Qualitative or Quantitative • Across all – however differs moving from structured, semi-structured to unstructured
- 18. 4. In Action
- 19. What Paradigm? What methodology? What methods? http://www.etv.org.nz/programme.php?id=58312 http://www.etv.org.nz/programme.php?id=58311 http://www.etv.org.nz/programme.php?id=58318 http://www.etv.org.nz/programme.php?id=58317 http://www.etv.org.nz/programme.php?id=58309
- 20. 5. Reflections