BPH NOTES

1. MENTAL
HEALTH IN
PUBLIC HEALTH
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2. Mental Health
• Definition of mental health
• Concept of normalcy, normal mind and characteristics of abnormality
• Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental
illness
• Description of measurable indicators of positive well being, good
psychological adjustment
• Personality development including behavioral, psychodynamic,
cognitive, moral and other schools of personality.
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3. Mental health is defined as a state of well-
being in which every individual realizes his
or her own potential, can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is able to
make a contribution to her or his
community.
- WHO
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4. Mental Health is a worldwide problem
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6. Mentally healthy is
•Able to work well alone and with others.
•Accepts responsibility for his actions.
•Able to give and receive.
•Is optimistic. (hopeful and confident about the future.)
•Able to express feelings.
•Able to solve problems.
•Able to work well alone and with others.
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7. Mentally healthy is
•Can recognize limitations (abilities and deficiencies).
•Able to form meaning full relationships.
•Able to make sound judgments and decisions.
•Can take care of his hygiene and clothes in a manner, which
conforms to the standards of his society.
•Able to cope success fully with stress,
•Able to distinguish fact from fantasy or the real world from a
dream
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8. Concept of normalcy
•The state of being usual, expected or conforming to a standard.
•Normalcy is the state of being normal. Behavior can be normal
for an individual when it is consistent.
•Normal is also used to describe individual behavior that
conforms to the most common behavior in society.
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9. •In psychology, normalcy often denotes behavior,
thoughts, or emotions that are considered expected
within a given population or society.
•It also encompasses functioning that is adaptive,
healthy and conducive to well-being within a specific
context.
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10. Normal mind
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•A "normal mind" generally refers
to mental functioning(behavior,
thoughts, or emotions ) that is
typical, healthy, and conducive to
everyday functioning within a given
society.

11. Normal mind
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Characteristics of a normal mind:
• Emotional stability: experiencing a range
of emotions appropriate to the situation
without excessive distress.
• Effective coping mechanisms: ability to
handle stress and challenges in a
constructive manner.

12. Normal mind
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Characteristics of a normal mind:
• Rational thinking: ability to think logically,
make sound decisions, and understand reality
accurately.
• Healthy relationships: forming and
maintaining positive, fulfilling relationships
with others.

13. Normal mind
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Characteristics of a normal mind :
• Functional daily living: being able to
carry out activities of daily living (e.g.,
work, socializing, self-care) without
significant impairment.
• Adaptability: ability to adjust to changes
and navigate various life circumstances
successfully.

14. PERCEPTION OF REALITY
•This includes perception of the environment without
distortion as well as capacity for empathy.

15. Other characteristics include:
•He has a sense of responsibility.
•He can give and accept love.
•He lives in the world of reality rather than fantasy.
•He shows emotional maturity in his behaviour and
develops a capacity to tolerate frustration and
disappointment in daily life.

16. Abnormality
Abnormality refers to behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that
deviate from the norm or are maladaptive in nature.

17. ABNORMALITY
•Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of
the mind described as involving a "loss of
contact with reality".
• People experiencing psychosis may exhibit
Behavioural changes and thought disorder.
• Depending on its severity, this may be
accompanied by unusual behavior, as well as
difficulty with social interaction and
impairment in carrying out daily life
activities.
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18. Characteristics of abnormality include:
•Distress or dysfunction:
•Behavior or experiences that cause significant
distress to oneself or others, or
•impair one's ability to function effectively in daily
life.
• Deviance: Behavior that significantly deviates
from social or cultural norms.
• Impairment: Interference with personal well-
being, relationships, work, or other important
areas of functioning.
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19. Characteristics of abnormality include:
• Unpredictability: Behavior that is inconsistent, unpredictable,
or difficult to control.
• Discomfort or impairment in social interactions: Difficulty
forming or maintaining relationships due to social
awkwardness, anxiety, or other factors.
• Cognitive distortions: Distorted or irrational thinking patterns
that lead to maladaptive behavior .
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20. 'Features of Abnormality'
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1. Suffering
2. Maladaptive behavior
3. loss of control
4. Emotional disturbance
5. Violation of moral standards

21. Prevailing misconception about occurrence
and treatment of mental illness
•Mental illness cannot be cured. It is wrong that mental illness
are incurable , most of them are curable.

22. Prevailing misconception about occurrence
and treatment of mental illness
•Mental illness are caused by Gods as punishment for the sin or
by ghost, black magic, witchcrafts etc.
•It is wrong because mental illness is cause by multifactorial
causation such as stress, biochemical changes, stressful life
events etc.

23. Prevailing misconception about occurrence
and treatment of mental illness
•Mental illness is contagious. It is not spread by touching.

24. •Mental illness is herediatary.Herediatry is not the
whole etiological factor of mental illness. It has
multifactorial causation factor.
•Mental illness patient are violent and dangerous.

25. •Dhami and jhankri can cure mental illness.

26. •Mentally ill person cannot do creative work.
•Mentally ill person cannot take any responsibility
throughout his/her lifespan.
•All mental illness are of same nature.

27. •When people are mentally ill, they can’t hold down a
job or take care of themselves and their families
properly.
•“Mentally ill” are just making excuses for their
weakness or failure.

28. • Young people and children don't suffer from mental
health problems.
•"People who need psychiatric care should be locked
away in institutions.“
•It is impossible to prevent mental illnesses.
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29. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP
Body
•The whole physical structure that forms
a person.
•The body is composed of head, neck,
trunk , limbs and extremities and organ
system like sensory, respiratory,
circulatory, digestive etc.

30. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP
•The mind is which thinks,
imagine, remember and senses.
•The mind is also associated with
experiencing perception , pleasure,
pain and emotion.
•It is sum total of various mental
processing like thinking,
reasoning, analyzing and learning.

31. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP
Mind usually involves these
function
•Cognitive :Thinking, orientation,
attention, concentration,
judgement, memory etc.
•Affective: feelings/emotions

32. BODY MIND RELATIONSHIP
•“A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa.
• It happens so because body and mind are tied in an
intimate bond.
•They interact with each other.

33. BODY ACTING OR AFFECTING MIND:
When we are feeling fresh, we can pay attention and
concentrate on an intellectual task in an effective way compared
to our bodily state when we are tired and fatigued.
Malfunctioning of digestive system such as the problem of
constipation, stomachache may interfere with the mental
functioning.

34. BODY ACTING OR AFFECTING MIND:
Increase in blood pressure may lead to mental excitement whereas its
decrease may cause to feel depressed and under activity.
Malfunction of sensory organ may lead to poor perception and learning.
Disturbance of endocrine hormone affect mental functioning.
Hypothyroidism-cause lethargy
Hyperthyroidism- cause excitement.

35. MIND ACTING OR AFFECTING BODY
The negative or unpleasant emotions and feelings like
anger, fear and anxiety may bring mal functioning in the
body resulting to headaches, irritability, indigestion,
insomnia etc.
Negative thinking and emotional stress may cause
bodily problems and disorders like peptic ulcer , heart
disease as well as hypertension.

36. MIND ACTING OR AFFECTING BODY
Over activity on the part of the mind in terms of
thinking, stress and other types of mental work may
cause excessive fatigue and tiredness to the body.
Negative emotion like fear, anger, jealousy produce
illness. They make us depressed.

37. Description of measurable indicators of
positive well-being, good psychological
adjustment
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38. Concept of well being
• Well-being is the experience of health, happiness, and
prosperity (success).
• It includes having good mental health, high life satisfaction, a
sense of meaning or purpose,
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39. Description of measurable indicators of
positive well-being
6 aspects of well being
1. Positive relationship with others
2. Holding positive attitude towards self
3. Autonomy
4. Able to choose and direct one’s own behaviour
5. Environmental mastery
6. Personal Growth
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41. Measurable Indicator of wellbeing
•Well-being is a multifactorial concept.
•There are several measurable indicators commonly used to
evaluate it
•Measuring positive well-being involves assessing various
aspects of an individual's life :happiness, satisfaction, and
fulfillment.
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42. Indicator of wellbeing
1. Life Satisfaction:
•This is typically measured using self-
reported questionnaires, such as the
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
•individuals rate their overall satisfaction
with life.
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43. 2. Physical Health:
•Good physical health is closely linked to
well-being.
•Indicators such as self-reported health
status questionnaire, absence of chronic
illnesses and functional abilities can be
used.
3. Mental Health:
•Positive well-being is associated with
good mental health.
•Indicators include low levels of stress,
anxiety, depression and emotional
stability.
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44. 4. Social Connections:
•Strong social relationships contribute significantly to well-
being.
•Measurable indicators include the size and quality of social
networks, satisfaction with social support and frequency of
social interactions.
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45. 5. Sense of Purpose:
•Feeling a sense of purpose or meaning in life is essential
for well-being.
6.Financial Security:
•Indicators include income level, financial debt and
perceived financial security.
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46. 7.Work Satisfaction:
•Since many people spend a significant portion of their lives
working, job satisfaction is crucial for overall well-being.
•Measures include satisfaction with work-life balance, job
autonomy and fulfillment from work.
8.Leisure and Recreation:
•Engaging in enjoyable and meaningful leisure activities
contributes to well-being.
•Measurable indicators include the frequency and satisfaction with
leisure activities such as hobbies, sports, and cultural events.
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47. 9. Quality of Environment:
•Physical surroundings can impact well-being.
• Indicators include access to green spaces, safety, pollution
levels and overall environmental quality.
10. Spirituality and Religion:
•For some individuals, spirituality or religious beliefs play a
significant role in well-being.
•Indicators include engagement in spiritual practices and
religious involvement.
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