Media Studies A Level
The Key Concepts
•Media Language - Terminology
•Representation – How people or things are portrayed
•Institutions – companies. The industry
•Audience – Types of consumers, target audiences
Camerawork/
Cinematography
Sound
Mise-en-scène
Editing
Film Language
Moving image
Micro Elements
Definition: Mise En Scene
A French term meaning ‘what is put
into a scene or frame’.
Visual information in front of the camera
Communicates essential information to the audience
Made up of 6 elements:
Can you guess what they are?
The 6 Elements of Mise en
Scene1. Settings
2. Props
3. Costume, hair & make up
4. Performance, facial expressions, body language.
5. Positioning and movement of characters/objects
within the frame
6. Lighting & colour
1. Settings & Locations
Settings & Locations play an important part in filmmaking and are not just
‘backgrounds’.
Settings can manipulate an audience by building certain expectations
(these expectations can then be played with!).
TASK: What settings might you find in:
1. A Science Fiction Film?
2. A Romantic Comedy?
3. A Horror Film?
4. A Western Film?
2: Props
•Props build on the setting to create a believable
‘world’.
•Props can be used to establish character.
•Props can be used as
symbols to connote
additional meanings over
and above their material
presence
3: Costume, Hair &
Make-up•Costume, Hair & Make Up act as an instant indicator of a
character’s personality, status & job.
•It can tell us immediately whether the film is set in the
present and what society or culture it will centre around.
•Certain costumes can signify certain individuals (i.e. black
cloak of a vampire, Spidey’s Spiderman suit)
•Costumes are used to show difference or similarity
between characters, changes in an individual’s character
or mood as the film progresses and whether or not they
fit in with the setting.
4: Facial Expressions & Body
Language•Facial Expressions provide a clear indicator of
how someone is feeling.
•If someone is smiling broadly, we assume they
are happy but we may get a different feeling if
this is accompanied by scary music.
•Body Language may also indicate how a
character feels towards another character or
may reflect the state of their relationship
TASK 1: What meanings/emotions do
the following images convey:
•USE specific expressions
plus specific emotion
portrayed
4: Facial Expressions & Body
Language
TASK 2: What meanings/emotions do the following images convey:
•USE specific expressions plus specific emotion portrayed
4: Facial Expressions & Body
Language
5: Positioning of Character
and Objects in the frame
•Positioning within a frame can draw our
attention to an important character/object
•A film-maker can use positioning to indicate
relationships between people
TASK: What does the positioning in the following images reveal about the
characters/film?
5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
TASK: What does the positioning in the following images reveal about the
characters/film?
5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
TASK: What does the positioning in the following images reveal about the
characters/film?
5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
• Lighting & Colour can be used to achieve a variety of
effects:
• To highlight important characters or objects within the
frame
• To make characters look mysterious by shading sections
of the face & body
• To reflect a characters mental state/hidden emotions (i.e.
bright = happy, dark = disturbed, strobe effect = confused
6: Lighting and Colour
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
Low Key Lighting – using only the key and back light –
exaggerates shadows – used in what genres of films?
The Third Man (1949) Apocalypse Now (1979)
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
Low Key Lighting – using only the key and back light –
exaggerates shadows – used in what genres of films?
The Third Man (1949) Apocalypse Now (1979)
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
Horror, Thriller, Film Noir
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
.
High Key Lighting
Lots of light. Bright environment. High key light is brightest
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
used in what genres of films?
.
High Key Lighting
Lots of light. Bright environment. High key light is brightest
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)
6: Lighting and Colour Types o
used in what genres of films?
Comedies, RomComs
.
Over head lighting
Top lit
Why?
The Searchers (1956)
.
Over head lighting
Character is Mysterious
The Searchers (1956)
.
Back lighting
Why?
The Searchers (1956)
Citizen Kane (1941)
.
Lit from Below
Under lit
Why?
Dracula (has risen from the grave?) 1968
.
Side Lighting
Why?
My Beautiful Laundrette 1985
.
Lighting
•Conveys mood and atmosphere
•Draws attention to particular
characters/objects
•Can create shadows to add drama
• Is used to create mood and atmosphere
• Positioning of lights creates different effects
• High key lighting
• Low key lighting
.
Studio Lighting
3 point Lighting
•Key light
•Back lighting
•Filler light
3 point Lighting VT
.
Lighting & Colour
1. Back light
2. Filler light
3. Key light
• All 3 lights
What atmosphere is the lighting creating?
.
Low Key Lighting – using only the key and back
light – exaggerates shadows
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
What atmosphere is the lighting creating?
What atmosphere is the lighting creating?
Used for expressive purposes
Can impact on emotions
Can be used Symbolically – additional meaning or
cultural significance
Colour
Used for expressive purposes
Can impact on emotions
Can be used Symbolically – additional meaning or
cultural significance
Colour
.
Realism versus Creating an alternative environment?
Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Mans Chest Little Miss Sunshine
Colour
.
Colour
Aliens (1986)
Director: James Cameron
Colour
Colour
.
The Island (2005)
Colour
.
Hero (2002)
Colour
.
RED
Colour
What emotions does red create?
.
DANGER
excitement
fire passion
blood fight
sexual connotation
RED
Colour
Colour
.
YELLOW ?
Colour
.
Warmth sun brightness joy
happiness
fun laughter Summer
YELLOW
Colour
.
Purple: Wealth, royalty, sophistication, intelligence.
Blue: Quietness, serenity, truth, dignity, constancy, reliability.
Sophistication, elegance, power, rebellion, evil.
White: Purity, cleanness, future.
Green: Nature, fresh, vegetation, health.
Colour
.
Black & White
•Budget?
•Creative decision
•To create a certain ‘look’
Seven 1995Raging Bull 1980Schindler’s List 1993
.
Black & White
Why do filmmakers decide to make films in black and white?
Opening sequence of Casino Royale
.
Black & White
Why do filmmakers decide to make films in black and white?
‘The lack of colour allows Spielberg to be explicit without
becoming tastelessly graphic’
It echoes news reels of the holocaust...
thus establishing historical context and a feeling
of authenticity’.
Boston Review
Mise en Scene Analysis
• Use terminology and be specific about why the
technique has been used.
The darkness creates emotion
The low key lighting creates the sense of mystery and fear
Mise en Scene Analysis
• Use terminology and be specific about why the
technique has been used.
The darkness creates emotion
The low key lighting creates the sense of mystery and fear
X
✔
Mise en Scene analysis:
10 Thing I Hate About You (1999)
http://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.aspx?id=7377~4y~AqgrJWFi&chapID=11647
•DENOTATION – what you see. I denote
•CONNOTATION – what you associate. I
connote
Connotes Implies Conveys Exemplifies
Symbolises Indicates Highlights
Emphasises Represents Portrays
Suggests depicts
•DENOTATION?
•CONNOTATION?
Consider the 6 mise en scene elements
•DENOTATION?
•CONNOTATION?
DENOTATION?
CONNOTATION?
Who is responsible for this image and why have they photographed like this?

Introduction to Media Studies: Mise en scene

  • 1.
    Media Studies ALevel The Key Concepts •Media Language - Terminology •Representation – How people or things are portrayed •Institutions – companies. The industry •Audience – Types of consumers, target audiences
  • 2.
  • 5.
    Definition: Mise EnScene A French term meaning ‘what is put into a scene or frame’. Visual information in front of the camera Communicates essential information to the audience Made up of 6 elements: Can you guess what they are?
  • 6.
    The 6 Elementsof Mise en Scene1. Settings 2. Props 3. Costume, hair & make up 4. Performance, facial expressions, body language. 5. Positioning and movement of characters/objects within the frame 6. Lighting & colour
  • 7.
    1. Settings &Locations Settings & Locations play an important part in filmmaking and are not just ‘backgrounds’. Settings can manipulate an audience by building certain expectations (these expectations can then be played with!). TASK: What settings might you find in: 1. A Science Fiction Film? 2. A Romantic Comedy? 3. A Horror Film? 4. A Western Film?
  • 8.
    2: Props •Props buildon the setting to create a believable ‘world’. •Props can be used to establish character. •Props can be used as symbols to connote additional meanings over and above their material presence
  • 10.
    3: Costume, Hair& Make-up•Costume, Hair & Make Up act as an instant indicator of a character’s personality, status & job. •It can tell us immediately whether the film is set in the present and what society or culture it will centre around. •Certain costumes can signify certain individuals (i.e. black cloak of a vampire, Spidey’s Spiderman suit) •Costumes are used to show difference or similarity between characters, changes in an individual’s character or mood as the film progresses and whether or not they fit in with the setting.
  • 12.
    4: Facial Expressions& Body Language•Facial Expressions provide a clear indicator of how someone is feeling. •If someone is smiling broadly, we assume they are happy but we may get a different feeling if this is accompanied by scary music. •Body Language may also indicate how a character feels towards another character or may reflect the state of their relationship
  • 13.
    TASK 1: Whatmeanings/emotions do the following images convey: •USE specific expressions plus specific emotion portrayed 4: Facial Expressions & Body Language
  • 14.
    TASK 2: Whatmeanings/emotions do the following images convey: •USE specific expressions plus specific emotion portrayed 4: Facial Expressions & Body Language
  • 15.
    5: Positioning ofCharacter and Objects in the frame •Positioning within a frame can draw our attention to an important character/object •A film-maker can use positioning to indicate relationships between people
  • 16.
    TASK: What doesthe positioning in the following images reveal about the characters/film? 5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
  • 17.
    TASK: What doesthe positioning in the following images reveal about the characters/film? 5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
  • 18.
    TASK: What doesthe positioning in the following images reveal about the characters/film? 5: Positioning of Character and Objects in
  • 19.
    • Lighting &Colour can be used to achieve a variety of effects: • To highlight important characters or objects within the frame • To make characters look mysterious by shading sections of the face & body • To reflect a characters mental state/hidden emotions (i.e. bright = happy, dark = disturbed, strobe effect = confused 6: Lighting and Colour
  • 20.
    6: Lighting andColour Types o
  • 21.
    Low Key Lighting– using only the key and back light – exaggerates shadows – used in what genres of films? The Third Man (1949) Apocalypse Now (1979) 6: Lighting and Colour Types o
  • 22.
    Low Key Lighting– using only the key and back light – exaggerates shadows – used in what genres of films? The Third Man (1949) Apocalypse Now (1979) 6: Lighting and Colour Types o Horror, Thriller, Film Noir
  • 23.
    6: Lighting andColour Types o
  • 24.
    . High Key Lighting Lotsof light. Bright environment. High key light is brightest Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) 6: Lighting and Colour Types o used in what genres of films?
  • 25.
    . High Key Lighting Lotsof light. Bright environment. High key light is brightest Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) 6: Lighting and Colour Types o used in what genres of films? Comedies, RomComs
  • 26.
    . Over head lighting Toplit Why? The Searchers (1956)
  • 27.
    . Over head lighting Characteris Mysterious The Searchers (1956)
  • 28.
    . Back lighting Why? The Searchers(1956) Citizen Kane (1941)
  • 29.
    . Lit from Below Underlit Why? Dracula (has risen from the grave?) 1968
  • 30.
  • 31.
    . Lighting •Conveys mood andatmosphere •Draws attention to particular characters/objects •Can create shadows to add drama
  • 32.
    • Is usedto create mood and atmosphere • Positioning of lights creates different effects • High key lighting • Low key lighting
  • 33.
    . Studio Lighting 3 pointLighting •Key light •Back lighting •Filler light 3 point Lighting VT
  • 34.
    . Lighting & Colour 1.Back light 2. Filler light 3. Key light • All 3 lights
  • 35.
    What atmosphere isthe lighting creating?
  • 36.
    . Low Key Lighting– using only the key and back light – exaggerates shadows
  • 37.
    Slumdog Millionaire (2008) Whatatmosphere is the lighting creating?
  • 38.
    What atmosphere isthe lighting creating?
  • 40.
    Used for expressivepurposes Can impact on emotions Can be used Symbolically – additional meaning or cultural significance Colour
  • 41.
    Used for expressivepurposes Can impact on emotions Can be used Symbolically – additional meaning or cultural significance Colour
  • 42.
    . Realism versus Creatingan alternative environment? Pirates of the Caribbean Dead Mans Chest Little Miss Sunshine Colour
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
    . Warmth sun brightnessjoy happiness fun laughter Summer YELLOW Colour
  • 52.
    . Purple: Wealth, royalty,sophistication, intelligence. Blue: Quietness, serenity, truth, dignity, constancy, reliability. Sophistication, elegance, power, rebellion, evil. White: Purity, cleanness, future. Green: Nature, fresh, vegetation, health. Colour
  • 53.
    . Black & White •Budget? •Creativedecision •To create a certain ‘look’ Seven 1995Raging Bull 1980Schindler’s List 1993
  • 54.
    . Black & White Whydo filmmakers decide to make films in black and white? Opening sequence of Casino Royale
  • 55.
    . Black & White Whydo filmmakers decide to make films in black and white? ‘The lack of colour allows Spielberg to be explicit without becoming tastelessly graphic’ It echoes news reels of the holocaust... thus establishing historical context and a feeling of authenticity’. Boston Review
  • 57.
    Mise en SceneAnalysis • Use terminology and be specific about why the technique has been used. The darkness creates emotion The low key lighting creates the sense of mystery and fear
  • 58.
    Mise en SceneAnalysis • Use terminology and be specific about why the technique has been used. The darkness creates emotion The low key lighting creates the sense of mystery and fear X ✔
  • 60.
    Mise en Sceneanalysis: 10 Thing I Hate About You (1999) http://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.aspx?id=7377~4y~AqgrJWFi&chapID=11647
  • 61.
    •DENOTATION – whatyou see. I denote •CONNOTATION – what you associate. I connote Connotes Implies Conveys Exemplifies Symbolises Indicates Highlights Emphasises Represents Portrays Suggests depicts
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
    DENOTATION? CONNOTATION? Who is responsiblefor this image and why have they photographed like this?