Radio lessons 14 02 19

Component 2 Evolving Media
Section A: RADIO
BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show
Media Industries & Media Audiences
Context: Political, Social and Economic

A Level Media Studies Quick Overview
Media Messages - Paper 1 35% Evolving Media - Paper 2 35%
News and Online Media
Study of the Daily Mail and The
Guardian newspapers and online
media
Media Industries and Audiences
Video games, film, radio
Media Language and
Representation
Music videos, advertising, magazines
Long Form Television Drama
Study of two TV dramas
Making Media (NEA) 30%
Cross-media production in response to a set brief from
a choice of four (television, radio, magazine, music
video).

Radio 1 – quick summary
We have to study The BBC Radio One Breakfast Show with reference to one
complete episode from September 2017 onwards.
You need to develop understanding of the scope and content of the text, and
to concentrate on discussion of issues of media industries and audiences,
e.g:
How does the text meet public service broadcasting requirements?
How does it address the target audience?
Economic, political and cultural contexts should also be studied in relation
to radio.

RADIO
Content
Radio must be studied in relation to media industries and media audiences, including a consideration
of the economic, political and cultural contexts that influence the radio industry and its audiences.
Learning Outcomes
You should be able to discuss the BBC’s public service remit including licence fee funding and the
implications (economic, political and cultural) of this for the set text.
You should be able to discuss the relative distinctiveness of the set text compared to commercial
rivals.
You should be able to discuss the audience for the set text and how they are targeted.
You should be able to discuss how technology is used to distribute the show across a range of
platforms.
Set Text
Learners must study one complete episode of The BBC Radio One Breakfast Show, from September
2017 onwards, chosen by the centre. The selected radio programme should be a standard episode
(not a feature or on location episode) and include a range of British music and content promoting
British music, celebrity interviews, news items and quizzes/games.

STARTER
Who listens to the radio?
Which radio station do you listen to
When/where?
Why do you listen to the radio?

What decade was the radio invented?
What year was the BBC formed?
What was Pirate Radio (1960s)
How many UK radio stations are there today?
What do you already know?

• Guglielmo Marconi: Italian inventor.
• He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.
• 1897 set up the Marconi's "Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company,
Chelmsford Essex.

What is a radio?
A radio is a device that transmits sound

1922 - Formation of the British Broadcasting Company -
John Reith
1927 Becomes the British Broadcasting Corporation est. by
Royal Charter
‘Nation shall speak peace unto Nation’

The BBC duty/remit:
To Inform,
Educate
and Entertain

1932
George V giving the first Royal Christmas
Message on BBC Radio

What is this and where is it?
Broadcasting House
Portland Place
Marylebone
London
The first radio broadcast from the
building was made on 15 March
1932

1936 – First televised programmes
1937 - First televised Outside Broadcast (OB) – Coronation of George
VI
1939 – Suspended with out break of WWII

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtJ_zbz1NyY

Winston Churchhill
used radio to keep
British people’s morale
high

1939 – BBC Home Service
and The Third programme
1945 – BBC Light Programme – entertainment/music
1945 – BBC television resumes
1939-46 RADIO

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II shown on live TV.
Thousands of TV sets purchased
1953

Portable Transistor Radios
Sony introduced their first portable
radio in 1954 and then a better
version in 1957 that was truly a
“pocket radio”.

BBC radio Monopoly 1922 – 1960s

Early 1960s "Pirate radio stations"
Broadcast from offshore ships –
not illegal because they were in international waters.
Set up to meet the demand for pop and rock music, which
was not catered for by the legal BBC Radio
Radio Caroline broadcast from a ship off Essex coast in 1964.
By 1967 10 pirate radio stations were broadcasting to an estimated daily audience of
10 to 15 million.
Influential pirate radio DJs included John Peel, Tony Blackburn, Kenny Everett.
The format was influenced by American radio stations - top 40 format with informal
DJs- the antithesis of BBC radio at the time. Land based pirate stations took to the
air on medium wave at weekends, such as Radio Free London in 1968

Radio 1 is launched https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5G8pfRowtU
BBC Light programme becomes Radio 2
BBC third Programme becomes radio 3
Home Service becomes Radio 4
First local BBC radio station in Leicester
1967

Independent Local radio Stations begin broadcasting
BBC loses its monopoly
1973

1990 deregulation
Radio stations go from 46 – 267 by 2010
Independent Radio audience over takes BBC radio for the 1st time
Mercia Sound,
Hereward
Radio2CR
Radio
TaySevern
Sound
DevonAir
Radio
NorthSound,
RadioRadio
Radio Essex
Radio Chiltern
RadioWiltshire
Radio Saxon
RadioCounty
SoundGB
RadioSouthern
Viking Radio
Invicta
Mercury

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) radio in launched (Commercial DAB receivers
began to be sold in 1999)
Over 50 commercial and BBC DAB services were available in London by 2001
1996 - 2001
31 million people in UK now own a DAB radio

2000’s internet radio stations MEDIA
CONVERGENCE
Gold fm radio
Box UK radio
KISS hits fm
Dance Radio UK

New communications regulator Ofcom established replacing:
•the Broadcasting Standards Commission,
•The Independent Television Commission (ITC)
•the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel)
•the Radio Authority
•the Radio communications Agency
2003

New communications regulator Ofcom established replacing:
•the Broadcasting Standards Commission,
•The Independent Television Commission (ITC)
•the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel)
•the Radio Authority
•the Radio communications Agency
2003
The BBC Trust
regulates the BBC
until 2017

2007 BBC iplayer launched
2007

Today there are over 300 radio
services and 250 licences are
awarded each year – est 800+ total

What can we listen to the radio on nowadays?
How many devices do you have in your house
that you can access radio programmes?

Desktop computers, laptops, smart phones,
television, tablets, iPods, DAB radios, smart
watches….
What can we listen to the radio on nowadays?

How many UK radio stations are there
today?
Do you NOW know?

1890s
today?
Do you NOW know?

1890s
What year was the BBC formed? 1922
today?
Do you NOW know?

1890s
What year was the BBC formed? 1922
today? > 800
Do you NOW know?

Summary
•UK dominance of radio
•The BBC’s monopoly
•Competition from TV, deregulation,
commercial radio and internet

BBC Radio Stations
10 radio stations
6-8 national regional stations
40 local radio stations

Research at least 6 different types of radio stations
• How would you describe their content?
• Who owns them?
• Target audience (age, gender, socio-economic etc)
• (include BBC Radio 1 and 1 other BBC radio station)
SUMMARISE YOUR FINDINGS
WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON STYLE OF STATION?
WHY?

BBC Radio 1: to entertain and engage a broad range of
young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary
music and speech.
Target audience: 15-29 year olds ABC1 socio economic
demographics
DJs and music
Competitions
Informal mode of delivery
Regular news reports
Exemplar

Radio 4 broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes
including news, drama, comedy, science and history. It replaced the
BBC Home Service in 1967
Radio 4 has a weekly reach of almost 9.5 million listeners.
Gender: Men (51%), Women (49%).
Age: 15-24 (4%), 25-34 (9%), 35-44 (14%), 45-54 (20%), 55-64 (23%)
65+ (30%)
Social grade: AB (38%), C1 (37%), C2 (13%), DE (12%)
Exemplar

BBC Radio Brand Identities
• BBC Radio 1: to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of
contemporary music and speech. 15-29 year olds
 BBC Radio 1 Xtra: to play the best in contemporary black music with a strong emphasis on live music and
supporting new UK artists. DAB an on-line
 BBC Radio 2: to be a distinctive mixed music and speech service, targeted at a broad audience, appealing
to all age groups over 35.
 BBC Radio 3: to offer a mix of music and cultural programming in order to engage and entertain its
audience.
 BBC Radio 4: to be a mixed speech service, offering in-depth news and current affairs and a wide range of
other speech output including drama, readings, comedy, factual and magazine programmes.
 BBC Radio 4 Extra: to provide speech-based entertainment. Its schedule includes comedy, drama, stories,
features, readings and programmes that appeal to children.
 BBC Radio 5 Live: to provide live news and sports coverage.
 BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra: to bring a greater choice of live action to sports fans by offering a part-
time extension of BBC Radio 5 live.
 BBC Radio 6 Music: to entertain lovers of popular music with a service that celebrates the alternative spirit
in popular music from the 1960s to the present day.
 BBC Asian Network: to provide speech and music output appealing to British Asians, with a strong focus
on news and current affairs.
 The World Service is broadcast internationally and provides news, analysis and information. 27 languages

Start listening BBC Radio 1 Breakfast
with Greg James

Radio 4
Who are they aimed at and how do you know?
Who is the TARGET AUDIENCE?
LISTEN TO THESE 2 or 3 CLIPS
Radio 1 newsbeat
KISS Fm from 6 mins in

Radio – Mode of Address/ delivery
• Choice of DJ’s tone and words
• Choice of music
• Choice of stories / content
• Formal/informal

A radio sweeper is a short, pre-recorded sample
used by radio stations as segues between songs that
give listeners a brief station identifier or promo,
generally 20 seconds or less:
"You're listening to the soft sounds of Reigate College
Radio. Easy listening throughout the Surrey area."
All sweepers will have a voice over included
on the audio

Sweeper
Sting
Short, but more detailed vocal and instrumental and
identifies the radio station – Examples?
Short and sharp! “Radio 1” or “Radio Jackie”
These conventions reinforce the station to the audience and serves as a
reminder for what the station is about.
You usually hear a sweeper or sting before or after a piece of music,
news, competition or when a show is about to start.

“J I N G L E”
A jingle is a short piece of music usually played
between transitions of one piece of music to
another.
They often advertise a particular show.
Can you think of any jingles?
Does this help you recognise the station you
are listening to?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqSXnUeJNfA

Music bed
Music under voice over
Generally no lyrics
Adds emotion
Why does Radio 1 have a music bed under the news
report?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_E-39eUgssc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkdoajG_sUE

PSB - Public Service Broadcasting
Advantages of being a PSB Disadvantages of being a PSB
Disadvantages of NOT being a PSBAdvantages of NOT being a PSB

Advantages of PSB at the BBC?
• Objective/unbiased programming?
• range of programmes?
• What type of audiences are catered for?
• What effect does it have that it is not driven
by profit?

Advantages of PSB at the BBC
• Objective/unbiased programming - important in
a democratic society
• Wide range of programmes
• niche audiences catered for (not just
mainstream)
• No commercials
• Not for capitalistic reasons

Disadvantages of PSB at BBC?
Expensive shows - research, outside broadcasts
Might not appeal to a mainstream audience so lower
ratings
Expensive keeping up with up to date technology
Constantly having to adhere to PSB rules – less
appealing to young audience?

Advantages of NOT being a PSB?
Can make cheaper programmers – doesn't
need to benefit the public - just be popular

Disadvantages of NOT being a
PSB?
The viewers/listeners are not being educated or informed.
Dumbing down of society?

Institutions
Who are these organisations and
what is their role?

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - OFCOM and PSB
REQUIREMENTS
Make notes on Ofcom sets the
licence requirements (4 points).
I have emailed you the document
Write down how Radio 1 must
meet its PSB requirements
regarding the public purposes (page
14 to 35).

OfCom
• Ofcom is commonly known know as the office of communication,
They have authorization for broad casting, telecommunications and
postal industries in the UK.
• It has a wide range of power across the television, radio, telecom and
postal sector , they have a duty to represent and interests for their
citizens.
• They do this by promoting competition and protecting the public
from anything that might be classed as harmful or offensive

BBC Trust (defunct April 2017)
• The BBC Trust was the regulating body for the British Broadcasting
Corporation
• It was formed of an independent management but was criticised for
its closeness and to the BBC
• Its aim was to act in the best interests of the licence fee payers.
• Ofcom took over their job May 2017

RAJAR
Radio Joint Audience Research
• RAJAR is a single audience measurement system for the radio
industry in the UK.
• RAJAR collects information form over 300 BBC and Ofcom
licenced commercial radio stations, this can range from very
small local services to the national networks

ASA
• The ASA stands for Advertising Standards Authority
• It is responsible for checking over the UK content of
advertisements, sales promotions and direct
marketing before they are released.
• They are also responsible for taking concerns from
members of the public about advertisements that
may be misleading, harmful or offensive.

BBC TV Licence
• The BBC licence is collected from all UK households who own a
television.
• This revenue funds BBC TV, radio and internet programmes.

Public Service Broadcast
• "public service broadcasting" refers in the UK, as a broadcasting
programmes which are intended to be for the good of the people.
These programmes included news, weather, art, culture and TV
programmes .

- PSB stands for Public Service Broadcaster
- What is the PSB remit/duty? 6 points
- Which TV and Radio stations are PS broadcasters?
- Research BBC Radio 1’s PSB remit
- What are the advantages/disadvantages of being a PSB?

Public Service Broadcasting
What is it ?
The broadcasting provision of information, education and entertainment
The PSB principles were established in 1925 by the first Director General John
Reith.
The PSB principle first applied to BBC radio, then BBC TV in 1936 and was later
applied to all terrestrial TV channels (ITV, Channel 4 & Channel 5)
PSB requirements do not apply to Satellite and Cable channels.
?

The BBC duty/remit:
To Inform,
Educate
and Entertain
‘Reithian Values’

BBC Public Service Broadcast Remit
1.Stimulating, creative and cultural content
2.Sustain Citizenship and civil society
3.Interactive coverage
4.Reflect regions, UK nation and communities
5.Bring the UK to the world and the world to the UK
6.Emerging technological communications

BBC Radio 1 remit
‘to entertain and engage a broad range of
young listeners with a distinctive mix of
music and speech that reflects the lives and
interests of 15-29 year olds’.

HOMEWORK
• Listen to the first hour of The BBC
Radio 1 Breakfast with Greg
James 4th Oct 2018
(Planet e steam)
• Make notes on how the BBC Radio
One Breakfast Show addresses
those 6 PSB points PLUS the BBC
Radio 1 remit
https://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.aspx?id=17741~5h~zBbJwW8SBv

Running Order
• Radio 1 Breakfast with Greg James
• 4th Oct 2018
• I've completed the first 30 mins
• You complete the 2nd 30 mins

Radio glossary
• Sweepers
• Stings
• Jingles
• Music bed
• Mode of Address
Radio Language:

Radio 1 Breakfast Show
Overview Reminder
• The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast Mon-Thurs from 06.30-10.00
am.
• The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th
presenter in 2018.
• Here is the promo which announced his arrival
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWwHrzohIUw
• Here is a promo to suggest that feedback is good on the show
• https://twitter.com/BBCR1/status/1046732859975839744
• BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC
Radio Player (including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or
streamed for 30 days.
• The Radio 1 Breakfast Show is produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
and broadcast on BBC Radio 1 from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.

Reminder
The Radio 1 Playlist
• The music on the show largely play listed – what is going to be played on daytime
Radio 1 is decided by a committee
• Radio 1 choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play (A-list
records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list eight to 10).
• Choices are partly guided by what’s already popular with young people online; many
older artists are not included as the network is trying to keep an under-30 audience.
• The current Head of Music has been trying to get away from the data-driven
approach to choosing what will get played, in order to make the playlist less globally
homogenous and more distinctive
• The playlist also appears on the website each week
• There is also a Brit List which helps push featured new British artists – again to make
the output less globally homogenous and to make it more distinctive
• Please note that since Thursday’s episode the playlist has already changed
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/playlist

Reminder - Radio 1’s place in PSB
LINK TO R1 BREAKFAST SHOW
“Radio 1’s remit is to entertain young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.
Its target audience is 15-29 year olds. It should offer:
• a range of new music
• support emerging artists - especially those from the UK
• provide a platform for live music.
• News, documentaries and advice campaigns should cover areas of relevance to young adults.
• Broadcast at least 40 new documentaries each year
• Offer at least 2 major Social Action campaigns, supported across daytime output and online each
year, together with a number of other initiatives
• Please note that the above PSB requirements are spread across the whole of the daytime Radio One
schedule – for that reason there was no mention of social action campaigns (apart from oblique
references in Sam Fender’s song about male suicide) and no mention of any documentaries.
• The first four bullet points were met however

Reminder
Radio 1’s remit revision notes
• Radio 1’s programmes should exhibit some or all of the following
characteristics:
• High quality, original, challenging, innovative and engaging content - it
should nurture UK talent.
• The service should deliver its remit by producing a wide range of
programmes that expose listeners to new and sometimes challenging
material they may not otherwise experience. It should reflect a diverse
range of new and UK music.
• Radio 1’s daytime programmes should offer a mix of music, information
and entertainment and use an extensive playlist to introduce unfamiliar
and innovative songs alongside more established tracks.
• Accurate, impartial and independent news should be placed at the heart of
daytime output.

Sustaining citizenship and civil society
The BBC provides high-quality news, current affairs and factual
programming to engage its viewers, listeners and users in important
current and political issues - impartial -
Promoting education and learning
The support of formal education in schools and colleges and informal knowledge and skills
building – to support learning for all ages as well -
Stimulating creativity and cultural excellence
Encouraging interest, engagement and participation in cultural, creative and sporting
activities across the UK – all high quality -
Representing the UK, its nations, regions and communities
BBC viewers, listeners and users can rely on the BBC to reflect the many communities that
exist in the UK
Bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK
The BBC will build a global understanding of international issues and broaden UK
audiences' experience of different cultures
Delivering to the public the benefit of emerging communications technologies
and services
Assisting UK residents to get the best out of emerging media technologies now and in the
future
6 “Public Purposes”
of the BBC

Radio One Breakfast Show
Public Service Broadcast and the October 4th 2018
• You are going to argue that the 4th October episode of Radio One’s Breakfast
Show did ‘entertain young listeners’ with:
• a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech’ (Radio One Playlist and the
use of Romesh Ranganathan as celebrity guest, as well as Greg James’ presenting
style)
• Offer a range of new music – 41 songs, the vast majority taken from this year and
over 80% of the music was from the Playlist)
• Support emerging artists - especially those from the UK – Greg James’s song of
the week – Sam Fender with Dead Boys and the winner of BBC’s Sound of 2017 –
Ray BLK with Run Run
• Provide a platform for live music – Radio Stings and continuous mentions of
Radio One’s Teen Awards and Radio One Xtra’s Live Lounge
• News which cover areas of relevance to young adults (the sad death of a girl at a
music festival, strikes by workers at McDonalds – as well as sporting information)

Radio One Breakfast Show
October 4th 2018
• The Radio One Breakfast Show did nurture UK talent (Radio One Playlist + 51% of all
music on the show was from the UK)
• The Radio One Breakfast Show did expose listeners to new and sometimes challenging
material they may not otherwise experience (Sam Fender and Ray BLK)
• The Radio One Breakfast Show did reflect a diverse range of new UK music (Check out
the songs played on the show )
• The Radio One Breakfast Show did offer a mix of music, information and
entertainment which uses an extensive playlist to introduce unfamiliar and innovative
songs alongside more established tracks (Again check out the songs played + the news
items + the fact that they also mentioned The License Fee at one point in the show)
• The Radio One Breakfast Show did offer accurate, impartial and independent news
which was placed at the heart of daytime output (6.30am, 7.00am, 7.30am, 8.00am,
9.00am)

BUT
• New and more challenging music was played after 9.00am – majority
of listeners were now at work?
• Between 8.00am and 9.00am the use of celebrity interviews and the
most popular segments of the show ‘Unpopular opinion’ are used
alongside no news to try and appeal to the same audience as
commercial radio – the fact that both Ray BLK and Sam Fender was
played after 9.00am must be noted
• Does competition from Commercial radio mean that the 8.00am –
9.00am slot is different?

‘Trail of Breadcrumbs’ (Oct 1st – 5th 2018)
Shared across Facebook, Twitter, YouTube + Instagram
• https://www.instagram.com/p/Bn1yDmgnGKR/?hl=en&taken-
by=gregjames17

Context – Star Guest on the show
Romesh Ranganathan
• Romesh Ranganathan is a British stand-up
comedian and actor.
• He is known for his deadpan sarcastic
humour
• He has made multiple appearances on
comedy panel shows like The Apprentice:
You're Fired!, and was formerly a regular
on Play to the Whistle
• In 2016, he completed his first major tour,
Irrational Live, in which he performed in
some iconic venues such as the
Hammersmith Apollo.
• He was on the show to promote his
autobiography ‘Straight Outta Crawley’

Linking the guest to BBC Radio One’s Remit
Representing the UK, its nations, regions, communities
• Romesh, as a member of the Hindu faith, fits one of the BBC’s Public
Purposes that is that listeners and users can rely on the BBC to reflect
the many communities that exist in the UK
• Romesh fits that bill and although nothing is made of his faith in the
programme, the fact that Romesh joined Radio 1’s phone lines for the
majority of his time on the show means that some of the audience
will be able to interact with a person who represents a different faith.
• https://twitter.com/gregjames/status/1047744837259350019

Greg James
The Presenter’s style – Reminder -
• Deliberately targeting a younger audience, Greg James is well aware that
pop stars and in the case of today’s programme a comedian are now
superbrands that can communicate directly with their audience and
therefore tailor their public image without the mediators of the media.
• Greg James’ job is thus to gently prod at the humans beneath the facade,
encouraging them to laugh at themselves and show their more endearing
qualities. With pop stars arriving from any number of different destinations
– Disney, YouTube, reality shows – James’ approach is one of light humour
which befits the early morning audience.
• “The listeners have become like mates…They're always front and centre
and this will of course be the case on the new breakfast show. It's going
to be the most enjoyable challenge I've ever undertaken and I can't wait
to get started.“

‘Gregulars’
‘I just briefly thought that calling
people that listen to the show
everyday ‘Gregulars’ was a good
idea and that means I need to go
to bed immediately bye’
• Twitter Sept 19th 2018
• Also on Instagram – same day

Talking with Romesh
• This gentle style of humour is evident on the case study show.
• Being a comedian, Romesh needs little prompting from Greg James in
being witty and the vast majority of his show’s appearance is one of
relaying anecdotes from his time on Radio One’s phone lines – a good
example of this is when Romesh talks with a PE teacher who admits that
the spare kit box in schools is never washed.
• The longer interview with Romesh about his new autobiography is also
relaxed and is mostly about Romesh’s mum is excited about him coming
back to his home town’s Waterstones to do a book signing – Greg saying
that she may also set up a stall next to him selling her own products
• Link to Radio as a medium
• The intimate medium: radio is very personal. Listening to the radio can
feel like being in a conversation shared only by oneself and the presenter
and it encourages intimacy through its direct mode of address.

The use of talk during the show
• Chat during the show was light-hearted, one example was when Greg
James interviewed fellow Radio One DJ Jordan about one his Instagram
story ‘A Day in the life of a DJ’ where Greg noticed that Jordan had used
‘instant coffee from a jar’ when he used a ‘posh cafetier’ instead of ‘the
expensive coffee you get in those shiny sealed bags.’ This led to viewers
texting in telling stories about coffee use, including Kim from London who
left her coffee on the top of her car and then accidently drove off
• The companion medium: the radio format provides a strong sense of
personal communication and a direct mode of address for the audience. It
also offers lots of interactive opportunities, from phone ins to texts, emails
and tweets which get read out on air. Listeners can get a ‘shout out’ or a
‘mention’ in a talk programme which makes them feel more directly
involved. Likewise some programmes offer listeners the opportunity to air
their views or select music to be played.

Recurring Feature on the show
Cabbages (Radio as undemanding)
• In the same way that #passthepasty became famous a few weeks ago the use of cabbages as
a running theme in this episode of the show was used as an entertaining running joke about
how cabbages bring bad luck
• This was prompted by Aston Villa’s manager Steve Bruce having a cabbage thrown at him for
being useless at his job – he was subsequently sacked and the running joke on the show was
how cabbages brought bad luck
• The main focus of this running joke was focused on Miller – a lorry driver – who was talked
to live because the day before he was driving around the country with twenty tonnes of
cabbages – he talked about breaking down twice and an anecdote where he was challenged
by Greg James to leave a cabbage on someone’s front door to bring them bad luck
• Miller did this to a man who had a go at him when he was parked up waiting for the rescue
services to come to him – at night he sneaked up to his door and left a cabbage there for bad
luck
• The undemanding medium: it allows audiences to do other things whilst listening, such as
writing essays, doing housework, driving cars etc. A listener doesn’t need to devote their
time entirely to the platform.

Linking this to #passthepasty
• When one of the listeners mentioned she had not eaten a Cornish
pasty, one was fetched for her from Cornwall to Scotland in the form
of an Olympic Torch Relay
• This went viral
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-45425752
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3lbnhTNllwDwnL3vSN7r
wRh/pass-the-pasty-follow-the-journey

Newsbeat – Stories covered on Oct 4th
PSB – News should could areas that are relevant to young people (as well as cover the wider BBC Public Purposes)
• Cyber Attacks – Russia is warned by the UK about its constant attempts to hack
Western computer systems
• UK offers aid to the victims of the Indonesian Earthquake and Tsunami disaster
• One American police office shot and killed in South Carolina and six children held
hostage – hostage taker gave himself up after two hours
• Christian Ronaldo is accused of rape. The alleged rape was from 9 years ago and the
female victim was inspired by the #MeToo movement to come forward.
• A call for tighter controls of drugs at festivals after the death of a teenage girl who
died from taking two ecstasy pills
• There was a strike by McDonalds/Wetherspoons/TGI Fridays and Uber staff
prompted by low wages
• Charlie Sloth leaves Radio 1 Xtra after 8 years
• Barcelona beat Tottenham 4-2 win in The Champions League – focus of the news
was on the role that Messi played in the victory
• Liverpool manager Klopp was disappointed at the 1-0 loss that Liverpool suffered at
Napoli
• A woman at The Ryder Cup lost the eyesight in one of her eyes after being hit by a
drive from Brooks Koepka, she is threatening to sue the organizers who offered her
no help – she does not blame the golfer.

NewsBeat
Linking these stories to Radio One’s Remit
• Bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK
• The BBC will build a global understanding of international issues and broaden UK
audiences' experience of different cultures
• Sustaining citizenship and civil society
• The BBC provides high-quality news, current affairs and factual programming to
engage its viewers, listeners and users in important current and political issues -
impartial –
• If you look at the two above mentioned Public Purposes of the BBC then you will
see that the news items do indeed build a global understanding of international
issues (The govt attacking Russia and the support for victims of the Indonesian
Earthquake) as well as some high quality news which fits the demographic of the
15-29 audience – especially the strike by Uber staff, Charlie Sloth leaving Radio
One Xtra and the death of the girl at a music festival.

What was missing?
Tailoring the news content to the right audience
• Details of the Conservative Party
Conference – this was the main
news item on the BBC news that
night
• Only time that it was mentioned
on the show was when Greg
talked about Theresa May’s
‘dance moves’ and her
appearance with Philip Schofield
on This Morning

The Songs played on the show
• Reminder
• Radio One has to ensure that at least 40% of the music in daytime is
from UK acts each year
• Radio One has to ensure that at least 45% of the music in daytime is
new each year, with continuous particular support for new and
emerging UK artists alongside established acts
• The music on the show met both of these remit targets

The Songs played throughout the whole show
• Song 1 = The Weeknd – Can’t feel my face - Canadian
• Song 2 = Benny Blanco, Halsey and Khalid – Eastside - American
• Song 3 = Jade Bird – Uh Huh - UK
• Song 4 = Tiësto & Dzeko ft. Preme & Post Malone – Jackie Chan –
Dutch
• Song 5 = The 1975 – TooTimeTooTimeTooTime - UK
• Song 6 = Jamie T – Zombie - UK
• Song 7 – Dynoro & Gigi D’Agostino – In my Mind - Lithuianian
• Song 8 – Beyonce – Hold Up - American

Songs played
• Song 9 – Pale Waves – Eighteen - UK
• Song 10 – Dean Lewis – Be Alright - Australian
• Song 11 – Calvin Harris – Promises - UK
• Song 13 – Jess Glynn – All I Am - UK
• Song 14 – Wolf Alice – Don’t Delete The Kisses - UK
• Song 15 – Bring Me The Horizon – Mantra - UK
• Song 16 – HRVY – I wish you were here - UK

Songs played
• Song 17 = Robyn – Missing U – dedicated by Greg James to Charlie
Sloth who is leaving Radio 1 Xtra after 10 years - Swedish
• Song 18 – Tyga ft Offsett – Taste - American
• Song 19 = Duck Sauce - Barbara Streisand - American
• Song 20 = George Ezra – Shotgun - UK
• Song 21 = Little Mix and Sormzy – Power - UK
• Song 22 = You Me At Six – Back Again - UK
• Song 23 = Purple Disco Machine – Dished (Male Stripper) - German
• Song 24 = Bruno Mars – That’s What I Like - American

Songs Played
• Song 25 = Mumford and Sons – Guiding Light - UK
• Song 26 = DJ Khaled - Wild Thoughts ft. Rihanna, Bryson Tiller -
American
• Song 27 = Florence and the Machine – Patricia - UK
• Song 28 = Jonas Blue ft Jack and Jack – Rise - UK
• Song 29 = Dario G – Sunchyme (1998) - UK
• Song 30 = Ben Howard – Only Love - UK
• Song 31 = Foo Fighters – The Pretender - American
• Song 32 = Marshmello ft Bastille – Happier - American

Songs played
• Song 33 = Sam Fender – Dead Boys - UK
• Song 34 = Silk City, Dua Lipa ft. Diplo, Mark Ronson – Electricity –
American/UK co-production
• Song 35 = Mabel – One Shot – UK/Swedish
• Song 36 = Chance The Rapper – Work Out - American
• Song 37 = Loud Luxury ft Brando – Body - Canadian
• Song 38 = Nothing like Thieves – Forever and Ever More - UK
• Song 39 = Miley Cyrus – Malibu - American
• Song 40 = Ray BLK – Run Run - UK
• Song 41 = Twenty One Pilots – My Blood

Linking these songs to Radio 1’s remit
• 51% of the songs are British – this is set against Radio One’s remit to play
40% British music
• Over 80% of the music came from Radio One’s Playlist from that week –
this playlist has already been updated for this week and is updated every
week
• Some discrepancies in the music came from the ‘10 minute takeover’
where listeners are picked at random to choose the songs – this led to
Sunchyme to be played (a song from 1998) as well as the Pretender from
Foo Fighters – both these songs suggest that the demographic for the
listeners may not necessarily be 29 and under
• The song Missing U by Robyn was played in honour of Charlie Sloth leaving
Radio One Xtra after 10 years

Ray BLK
Winner of BBC Sound 2017
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/122FSRNWPpZclwy6Xt1DySs/1st-ray-blk
Radio One’s PSB has to expose listeners to new and sometimes challenging material they
may not otherwise experience.
• Ray didn’t come from a musical background, but educated herself by watching MTV Base,
grime station Channel U, and listening to Missy Elliott, Lil Kim and The Notorious B.I.G.
• Her stage surname BLK stands for Building Living Knowing, which she describes as her three
main values, and she says she wants to connect to fans through her lyrics.
• “It’s important to stand for something, to have my music stand for something,” she says,
something which is much evident in My Hood, her collaboration with Stormzy. A frank
account of her upbringing in Lewisham, it balances grim portrayals of daily struggle with a
message of positivity: “On these streets, through concrete, flowers grow”
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-45589523
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2KlSU8VExg

Greg James supporting Sam Fender
Tune of the week = Dead Boys
• Radio One’s PSB has to expose listeners to new and sometimes challenging
material they may not otherwise experience.
• Sam Fender has spoken out about mental health, tackling ‘toxic masculinity’ and
the inspiration behind his new single ‘Dead Boys’.
• “It’s a song about male suicide, particularly in my hometown,” “I lost some
friends very close to me because of that. This song came from that place, and I
have been playing it to other people ever since. It’s raised a conversation and I
realised how much of a present issue it is. Everybody that I spoke to from all
different parts of the country have all got a connection to someone they’ve lost.
• “It really opened my eyes to how much of an issue it is. If it gets to one person
and they feel like they should reach out and talk to somebody, then it has done a
good job
• https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dead-boys-lyrics-meaning-
interview-mental-health-male-suicide-2368006

Synergy
The use of Radio stings throughout the show
• A sting, sometimes called a sounder, is a short musical phrase, primarily used in
radio broadcasting as a form of punctuation. For example, a sting might be used
to introduce a regular section of a show – ‘Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg
James’ being the one most heard during this episode. We also heard stings for
the following:
• Scott Mills, The Radio One Teen Awards, Annie Mac
• These stings took place on average six times every hour during the three and half
hour show and all of them related in some way to Radio One programming.
• This process is called synergy because Radio One are promoting other
programmes on their station as well as the one we are listening to right now –
this form of promotion is called synergy because Radio One is using one of its
own programmes (Radio One Breakfast Show) to advertise its other shows (Radio
One Live Lounge for example) – Obviously this is because it is not funded by
advertising so all the promotion in the show – apart from publicity for Romesh’s
new autobiography is linked to other BBC programming

The Quiz - Synergy
‘Yesterday’s Quiz’
• This form of synergy can also be linked to the interactive quiz element
of the show where for this week flat mates competed on each day of
the show to see which of them could remember the most about what
happened in the news and on television the previous day
• Interestingly the majority of the questions put to Kyle (the contestant)
related to the BBC or Radio One programming – there were
references to The Bodyguard, Charlie Sloth, Dr Who and Radio One’s
Teen Awards for example – indeed Greg James signed off the segment
with the phrase ‘like The Bodyguard this is also good drama from the
BBC’

Radio One Teen Awards
Linking to Radio One’s remit
• Radio One has to feature coverage of at least 10 festivals and significant live events in the
UK and abroad each year so as part of that remit it organizes this event which is only
open to 14-17 year olds – again this fits the demographic of the show and provides this
audience with what could be their first taste of a music festival in one day
• A lot of the acts on the bill are also on the Radio One Playlist and the inclusion of Little
Mix as headliners ensures that tickets for the show will sell
• Radio One will also obviously cover the show live and the whole event is hosted by such
hosts as Greg James – this provides synergy between the show and Radio One – in that
way the attendees on the show are reminded that the concert is part of Radio One and
not just a festival in its own right – ‘trail of breadcrumbs’
• Greg James kept mentioning throughout the show that listeners could win tickets for the
event but only if they listened to the show the next day at 7am – obviously this was used
to secure a returning audience

Greg James
Talking about Yesterday’s events
• Alison James pushed a guy off the weather map
• Theresa May appeared in a comedy skit with Philip Schofield
• Theresa May’s dancing at the Conservative Conference
• Radio 1 Xtra DJ Charlie Sloth leaving the station
• Instagram story about Rita Ora and straws

‘Unpopular Opinion’
• The Bodyguard was overhyped garbage
• Ed Sheeran is overrated and overplayed
• Cold toast is better than hot toast
• Milk in cereal is wrong
• Egg whites are better than egg yolks
• The blind medium: since it only involves the sense of hearing and not
seeing it can be considered to let the audience use their imagination
a great deal more than the visual mediums.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esukUkYco08

‘The 10 Minute Takeover’
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08gwqz1/segments
• Listeners are allowed to choose three songs – this obviously adds to
the interactive aspect of the show and the choices of songs, especially
Dario G’s 1998 song Sunchyme suggests that the demographic of
Radio One Breakfast Show may not be necessarily under 29

Over to You
• How does this episode of Radio One Breakfast Show meet public
service broadcasting requirements?
• How does this episode of Radio One Breakfast Show address its target
audience?
• Investigate a Commercial Radio Station’s Breakfast Show and write
down any similarities and differences.

HOMEWORK
BBC Radio 1 REMIT
Was the BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show successful
in adhering to their remit?
How? Consider its PSB remit
‘to entertain and engage a broad range of
young listeners with a distinctive mix of
music and speech that reflects the lives and
Plan your answer first
In the final exam you would get 18-20 mins to write the response

BBC Radio 1’s Public Service Broadcast Remit
How did BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show adhere to the PSB
the PSB remit?
GIVE EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT & MIND MAP YOUR
YOUR ANSWERS
1. Stimulating, creative and cultural content
2. Sustain Citizenship and civil society
3. Interactive coverage
4. Reflect regions, UK nation and communities
5. Bring the UK to the world and the world to the UK
6. Emerging technological communications

BBC Radio 1
Breakfast with Greg
James
PSB?
Stimulating
Creative
Cultural
Sustaining Citizenship and Civil Society
Interactive CoverageReflect
Communities
UK Nation
Regions
Bring UK to the World
Bring the World to the UK
Technological Communications

BBC Radio 1
Breakfast with Greg
James
Public Service
Broadcast (PSB)
remit?
Stimulating
Creative
Cultural
Sustaining Citizenship and Civil Society
Interactive CoverageReflect
Communities
UK Nation
Regions
Bring UK to the World
Bring the World to the UK
Technological Communications Ten Minute Take over
Unpopular Opinions
Game of Phones
Jan Slam
Yesterday’s Quiz
Distinction: new, established
and older music
Promoted live music: Teen Awards &
The Big Weekend
News: ecstasy and drug testing at
unis?
Sport Relief Gregathlon £1 million
raised
Tweet/Email/Text (Bleak Morning Text)
Phone into Romesh Ranganathan
Ten Minute Take Over
Listen again BBC iPlayer & Sounds app
Listeners from Twickenham,
Blackburn, Cheltenham etc
Chat with Jordan North
(northern accent)
? Romesh Ranganathan
News: Indonesia tsunami
Russian intelligence story cyber attacks
Music from US Australian Canada
Play new musicians eg Jade Bird
UK singer songwriter
Media Convergence: Social
media/Instagram/Twitter/YouTube/
Facebook etc
Listen again via Sounds (BBC iplayer)

BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show is also accessible
via:
Website
BBC iplayer
Social Media: Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram
YouTube Channel
TV adverts
Print billboard advertising

Homework
Self Assess homework
Disappointing response 

Funding
1. How is the BBC funded?
2. What is its income/revenue per annum?
3. How many licences are bought per annum?
4. What additional income does the BBC have?
5. How much is spent on Radio each year?
6. How much is spent on Radio 1 pa?

https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/ss/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheadern
ame1=content-
type&blobheadervalue1=application%2Fpdf&blobkey=id&blobtable=Mun
goBlobs&blobwhere=1370006434007&ssbinary=true
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/reports/pdf/bbc_
annualreport_201718.pdf Page 63-69
How the TV Licence is spent
https://www.rajar.co.uk/docs/news/RAJA
R_DataRelease_InfographicQ42018.pdf

https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/ss/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheadername1=content-
type&blobheadervalue1=application%2Fpdf&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1370006
434007&ssbinary=true

Annual BBC Income per annum£3.8 Billion pa
£1.2 Billion pa
TOTAL INCOME = £5 Billion pa

In October 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer George
Osborne announced that the BBC would take on the full cost of running
the BBC World Service. It had been funded by Foreign and
Commonwealth Office and British Government. Osbourne also
announced that the television licence fee would be frozen at its current
level until the end of the current charter in 2016 so that the public would
not have to be burdened with the additional running costs of the World
Service.
In 2014 the BBC World Service handed it back to the BBC to fund.
The government has given £289 million over 5 years until 2020

In 2013/14, TV Licences gave the
BBC £3.7bn to spend - on top of
another £1.3bn of commercial and
other income for the broadcaster.

2014
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/14/h
ow-does-the-bbc-spend-its-5bn-in-licence-fee-
money/

How is Commercial radio
funded?

Comparing
Commercial Radio
with BBC Radio 1
Listen to Kiss FM Breakfast
https://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.
aspx?id=18093~5i~adrmgOkj8m
And then complete the comparison
table
Comparison Table on OneDrive via
Moodle

Commercial radio funding?
https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/three-sponsors-
extended-kiss-fm-breakfast-show-six-figure-
deal/1386328
How else do they generate revenue?

Advertising Revenue
Sponsorship

Advertising Revenue
Sponsorship
Promotions
Merchandising
Events

HOMEWORK
1. Listen to the first hour of Kiss FM Breakfast show (eStream)
2. How does it differ to BBC Radio Breakfast show?
a) Music content/artists
b) Dialogue/mode of delivery from presenters
c) Show content/style
3. Adverts played – style, types of companies?
4. Who is the target audience? Age gender,
socio economics, psychographics

What are ratings?
Who monitors radio
ratings/listeners in the UK?

Why are ratings important?
What are ratings?
Who monitors radio
ratings/listeners in the UK?

1. rajar infographics:
https://www.rajar.co.uk/docs/news/RAJAR_DataRelease_InfographicQ42018.pdf
a) What percentage of listeners access radio via digital platforms?
b) Where do they listen to radio the most Home/Work or Car?
c) Why is it important that BBC Radio 1 use a variety of new media to reach
their target audience of 15-29?
Ratings?
2. rajar Listening figures Dec 2018
https://www.rajar.co.uk/listening/quarterly_listening.php
a) Who has highest ratings: Commercial radio or BBC radio stations?
b) What are the weekly ratings for Radio 1, Kiss FM and Capital FM?
c) Which is the most listened to radio station?
d) Which is most successful: Bauer Radio or Global –
e) which stations do Bauer and Global own?

a) What percentage of listeners access radio via digital platforms?
b) Where do they listen to radio the most Home /Work or Car
c) Why is it important that BBC Radio 1 use a variety of new media to
reach their target audience of 15-29?
Ratings?

a) What percentage of listeners access radio via digital platforms? 48.8%
52.6%
b) Where do they listen to radio the most Home /Work or Car
Ratings?

b) Where do they listen to radio the most Home 59% 68%/Work 23%
22% or Car 17% 64%
Ratings?

b) Where do they listen to radio the most Home 59% /Work 23% or Car
17%
Ratings?

Ratings?

Ratings?
2017 35.5 million commercial per week v 34.9 million per week BBC
Radio stations
2018 35.6 million commercial per week v 34 million per week BBC Radio
stations

Ratings?
stations
a) What are the weekly ratings for Radio 1 , Kiss FM and Capital FM

Ratings?
stations
a) Sept 2017 Dec 2018 What are the weekly ratings for Radio 1 9.7 million
9.3 million, Kiss FM5.7 million 5.5 million and Capital FM 8.6 million
8.2 million

Ratings?
2. rajar Listening figures Sept 2017
stations
b) Sept 2017 Dec 2018 What are the weekly ratings for Radio 1 9.7 million
9.3 million, Kiss FM5.7 million 5.5 million and Capital FM 8.6 million 8.2
million
c) Which is the most listened to radio station? BBC Radio 2 15.3 million
14.9 million

Ratings?
2. rajar Listening figures Sept 2017
stations
b) Sept 2017 Dec 2018 What are the weekly ratings for Radio 1 9.7 million
9.3 million, Kiss FM5.7 million 5.5 million and Capital FM 8.6 million 8.2
million
c) Which is the most listened to radio station? BBC Radio 2 15.3 million
14.9 million
a) Which is most successful: Bauer Radio 17.8 million 17.9
million or Global 23.5 million 23.6 million

Ownership
Which stations do Bauer Radio
and Global own:

Ownership
Which stations do Bauer Radio Absolute Radio, Kiss, Magic, Planet
Rock, Heat Radio, Kerrang Radio, The Hits Radio
and Global own: Capital FM, Capital XTra, Heart, Smooth, Radio X, Classic
FM, LBC

EXTENSION
What other media companies do Bauer own?
Multi Media Conglomerates
(Curran & Seaton):
The larger the multi media
Conglomerate …
The fewer owners there are …
The narrower the range of opinions …
Results in less diversity

P2
What is a Royal Charter?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5G8pfRowtU from 1’16”
What has changed? What has stayed the same?
Context 1967 no commercial radio stations Only BBC radio stations

P2
What is a Royal Charter?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5G8pfRowtU from 1’16”
What has changed? What has stayed the same?
Context 1967 no commercial radio stations Only BBC radio stations
Presenter led
Stings/Jingles/idents
Music
Informal mode of delivery
Interviews
News Sport Weather
Requests (mail)
Shorter 7-8.30 now 6.30-10am

P2
Who are Millennials? Generation Z?
How do they consume media?
Who is Ben Cooper?
What trend does the medium of radio face?
What is his initiative to ride this trend / stay successful?
https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-08-04/radio-must-adapt-to-young-
britain-or-face-death/
https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/oct/03/ben-cooper-radio-1-up-against-
minecraft-young-audiences
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/entries/05c44b36-3ab9-4ef2-af50-
e8087a7738ea

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/report
s/pdf/bbc_annualreport_201718.pdf

Who are Millennials? Generation Z?
How do they consume media?
Share
Internet
Contribute
Participate
Interact
…with media

Participatory Culture
Share
Internet
Contribute
Participate
Interact
…with media

General trend?
Nick Grimshaw has recorded the lowest
listening figures for BBC Radio 1's breakfast
show since records began.
The DJ, who took over the slot from Chris
Moyles in 2012, saw his audience drop below
five million listeners per week in the third
quarter of this year.
The show recorded 4.93 million weekly
listeners between July and September - down
from 5.5 million last quarter.

Over the past five years, Radio 1 has
changed what it means to be a radio
station. We reach more than ten million
young people a week, but the number of
hours that they spend with us across
seven days has dropped dramatically in
the past decade from 10.3 to six hours.
Most of those hours are being lost in the
home. The kitchen and bedroom radio
sets are not being replaced, as you can
connect to the internet cheaply and easily
in your house. Listening in the car remains
strong, but wait till our vehicles become
iPads on wheels – then try fighting with
your teenagers for control of what you
have on when you drive.

The strategy of “listen, watch, share”
has allowed us to ask what success looks
like for a station in 2016, because while
hours spent listening are dropping, time
spent with Radio 1 is growing in new
ways. We have become the biggest radio
station in the world on YouTube, with more
than 3.1 million subscribers and an
average of 1.3 million views a day. And we
have a “digital footprint” on social-media
platforms such as Facebook and Twitter
comprising eight million followers.

Ben Cooper’s
eye-catching
and ambitious
mission to
make BBC
Radio 1 like a
Netflix for
radio

….Radio 1 has evolved to become a
multi-platform brand because it needs
to 'fish where the fish are' in order to
take on that challenge. Radio 1 has
been disrupting its traditional thinking
in order to answer this question and
been succeeding in getting new
audiences in new ways. Our strategy of
'listen, watch, share' means we create
content that 10 million people listen to,
16 million people view and 10 million
people follow on social media a week.

BBC Radio 1 resumé
1. Radio trend – ratings?
2. BBC Radio 1 tried what to appeal to a younger
audience?
3. How are 15-29 years olds consume media?
4. Ben Cooper’s initiative?
5. A term that would describe this new way of
engaging in BBC Radio 1?

Media Convergent – ‘ a multi
platform brand’
Ondifferent
devices

Interactive
Participatory
Engagement

‘Trail of Breadcrumbs’ (Oct 1st –
5th 2018)
Shared across Facebook,
Twitter, YouTube + Instagram
• https://www.instagram.com/p/Bn1yDmgnGKR/?hl=en&taken-by=gregjames17

HOMEWORK 1
What is the future of the BBC?
What must they do to survive?
INCLUDE
• The background and formation of the BBC, Reithian
Values, The Royal Charter, Public Service Broadcast
remit.
• Pirate radio. Radio changes of 1967
• Trend. Drop in ratings due to target audience change in
consumption.
• Ben Cooper and his response
Summarize your personal opinion - what is the future of
BBC Radio 1?
Include at least 1 quote, 1 statistic (Ofcom or RAJAR)

HALF TERM HOMEWORK 2- BREAKFAST RADIO COMPARISON
Task 1: You should be able to discuss the relative distinctiveness of the set
text compared to commercial rivals.
You should be able to discuss the audience for the set text and how they
are targeted.
Listen to the rest of The Radio 1 Breakfast show (set text), and commercial
radio Kiss FM Breakfast Show (estream) and compare:
Content
Mode of delivery
Distinctive
Target audience it appeals to
Use the table to compare both stations’ programmes

https://estream.reigate.ac.uk/View.aspx?id=18093~5i~adrmgOkj8m

https://create.kahoot.it/share/radio-quiz/21fb41f8-3d29-4ff5-a062-b9d47e731681

Radio 1 and 2 should be privatised
Radio 1 not playing enough new music
BBC Radio schedule shake up
Battle for youth Capital v Radio 1
Greg James boosts ratings
Moodle resources https://moodle.reigate.ac.uk/mod/page/view.php?id=89020
Additional
Reading

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zgu8DnvBpKQ

Para 1 – intro.
The BBC 1922.
1927 Royal charter.
PSB for the benefit of the people.
John Reith (Reithian values)
Inform, educate and entertain.
Not commercial.

Para 2 –
2009 Radio 1 Criticised because it is too
similar to commercial radio stations. 'too
populist'
Well known, mainstream music in peak
hours NOT distinct enough.
Younger audiences are not listening to
radio – social media is a competitor

Para 3 – 2015 The government Green
Paper. The BBC is not appealing to a diverse
enough audience (age or ethnicity)
BBC needs to be less commercial and more
distinctive (PSB remit). Independent
Impartial High Quality Efficient/value for
money Transparent Diverse representation.
iplayer loop-hole – TV licence required

Para 4 – The government Green Paper. The BBC is not
appealing to a diverse enough audience (age or ethnicity)
BBC needs to be less commercial and more distinctive (PSB
remit). Independent/Impartial/High Quality/Efficient/value for
money/Transparent/Diverse representation.
Gov will no longer fund BBC World Service
TV license will be frozen for 10 years so that public don’t have
to carry extra cost.
iplayer loop-hole – TV licence Problem

Para 5 – BBC response. 2017 Royal Charter.
BBC Trust scrapped – regulated by Ofcom.
Tony Hall BBC DG some services will have to
close/outsourced. Funding cut by 20% - £650
million needs to be saved.
A move towards more streaming.
'ride two horses...serving those who have
adopted internet and mobile at the same
as those that want to carry on watching'
traditionally

Para 5 contd. – BBC deny they
have privatised/out-sourced 2/3 of radio.
Dame Jenny Abramsky ' radio budgets have already
been tightened and many people are now making
programmes for the love of it' (Andrew Keen's The
Cult of the Amateur')
BBC Radio 1 Breakfast show outsource montages
sequences and The School Run to Silver Bullet and
hourly montage highlights Contraband Media

Para 6 – Radio Nick Grimshaw ratings
continue to drop. Down to 4.93 million from
5.5 m
2017 – Radio 1 celebrates 50 years
'Teens are addicted to their phone'
Ben Cooper Controller of Radio 1
9.4 million subscribers to social media + 5 mill
on YouTube

Para 6 contd–
Ben Cooper 'Listen, watch
share' - content for smart
phone generation
YouTube 1,4 billion viewers.
'Netflix of radio music'
Social media Twitter
Instagram Snapchat and
Facebook

Para 7 summary
The future?
Your opinion
BBC radio 1 privatised?
Distinct PSB but less
listeners
Interactive content?
Morning Zoo chat on trend
subjects format - Banter
gossip

Target audiences and how they are targeted
2012 changes
CONTEXT Presenters and context – Equality at the BBC
Government intervention re TV licence fee
https://www.google.co.uk/search?source=hp&ei=jR1zWq7ZLKr
AgAaX4ofQCQ&q=Government+intervention+re+TV+licence+fe
e&oq=Government+intervention+re+TV+licence+fee&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..33i160k1.1105.1105.0.2021.1.1.0.0.0.0.99.99.1.1.0....0...1
c.1.64.psy-ab..0.1.98....0.Nt20UIZMekY

Programme content and schedule
Terminology reprise
Playlists
Create your own Radio 1 Breakfast Show following schedules, playlists
and PSB remit
‘to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a
distinctive mix of music and speech that reflects the lives and

Commercial Radio Comparison
In pairs, create a presentation comparing Radio One Breakfast Show to Rickie,
Mel and Charlie in the Morning on Kiss FM.
Cover the following areas:
1.What organisation controls or own the two radio shows? Explain who they are
and what else they own.
2.Give a brief history of the two stations.
3.What times and days are the shows on? How long are the programmes?
4.Who presents these shows? What had they presented before?
5.Do each of the shows have a style of presenting?
6.What kind of material is broadcast on the programmes? Give some examples.
7.Do these programmes have any online content or input? If so, give some
examples.
8.Who are the shows aimed at - the target audience? Age, gender, occupation,
etc.
9.How do the programmes link to their audience?

Homework
BBC has larger budgets to produce programming but still struggles to reach 15-29 (Radio 1) due to restrictions of PSB remit
Versus creativity and freedom of commercial radio.
Commercial radio play already well known music
Radio 1 plays more new and emerging artists' work

The Question… (AS Question)
• Explain how economic contexts influence radio production. Refer to the BBC Radio
One Breakfast Show to support your points
(5 marks)
• Responses are likely to refer to examples of how economic contexts influence The BBC
Radio One Breakfast Show, such as:
• The influence of public sector funding via licence fee on The BBC Radio One Breakfast
Show, for example: o the licence fee is its largest source of funding and this funding is
considerably larger than that obtained by commercial stations via advertising,
promotion and investment, e.g. The Capital FM Breakfast Show.
• The influence of public ownership and funding on the production values of The BBC
Radio One Breakfast Show, for example: o learners may outline the tension between
the lack of commercial pressure versus the need to provide value for money against its
PSB remit ‘to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive
mix of music and speech that reflects the lives and interests of 15-29 year olds’. o
learners may refer to the use of funding to promote British ‘talent’, provide a larger
and more diverse range of songs than commercial stations and distribute content from
the show across various platforms, e.g. BBC iPlayer, downloadable podcasts and
YouTube.

Media Audiences (To answer about Radio, with a focus
on BBC Radio One)

The BBC's public service remit
Using the 'About the BBC' link at the bottom of their
website, answer the following questions:
1.What is the core mission of the BBC?
2.Define 'constitutional'?
3.What is a Royal Charter?
4.Describe in your own words the five public purposes central
to the BBC's public service remit

NICK GRIMSHAW schemes of
work
2012 - 2018

How did BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show 6th November 2017 adhere
2017 adhere to the PSB remit?
GIVE EXAMPLES TO SUPPORT & MIND MAP YOUR ANSWERS

Choose which song phone in
Creative? 'Innuendo Bingo' referred to in Do Your
Thing advert
Montage of highlights of previous programmes -
humorous
Cultural content?

Jingle 'Do Your Thing' Children in Need

Listeners phone-in
Texts/Tweets read out

Tweets and texts with locations mentioned – spread
across UK
UK nation?
Communities?

Artists played were predominantly UK: (only 3 US and 1
Swedish)
Duke Dumont
Jessie Ware
Nothing But Thieves
Stefflon Don
The 1975
Example
Annie Marie
Ed Sheeran

6. Emerging technological communications

Radio lessons 14 02 19

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