Introduction to Engineering and Profession Ethics-Lecture1-The History of Engineering- Dr.Khaled Bakro د. خالد بكرو

1. Lecture 1
Dr. Khaled Bakro
The History of Engineering
Introduction to Engineering
and Profession Ethics

2. Class Information
 Introduction to Engineering and Computer
Engineering Ethics
 Meeting Time and Place
 Tuesday, 2:00 pm – 3:50 pm
 Instructor: Dr. Khaled Bakro
 Office Hours: Mon-Fri 4-6 pm or By Appointment.
 E-Mail: Dr.Khaled.Bakro@Gmail.com
 Course text:
 Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engineering, 6th
Edition, Saeed Moaveni, Cengage Learning, 2016
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3. Course Overview
Introduce students to:
 the history of engineering.
 the engineering profession.
 engineering fundamentals and problem solving.
 engineering design principles.
 Engineering ethics.
 Computer engineering ethics.
Generate excitement by providing students.
 Hands-on group design projects;
 Hands-on individual petit projects
 Insights into contemporary engineering topics.
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4. Grading
Group Project: 20%
Assiduity and participation: 10%
Final Exam: 70%
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5. Objectives
The student will be able to:
 Explain the history of engineering
 Define Engineering

6. Where Have We Been and Where
are We Going?
To understand where we are going, we need to
understand where we have been.
Let us take a quick look at the history of
engineering.

7. The History of Engineering
Who Are Our Engineering Forefathers?
Egyptian Engineers
Mesopotamian Engineers
Greek Engineers
Roman Engineers
The Oriental Engineers
The European Engineers

8. Who Are Our Engineering Forefathers?
Mesopotamian Engineers (4000-2000 B.C.)
Egyptian Engineers (2700-2500 B.C.)
Greek Engineers (400 B.C.)
Roman Engineers (300 B.C.)
Asian Engineers (200 B.C.)
European Engineers (1000 A.D. and beyond)

9. Mesopotamian Engineers
Mesopotamian is the name
given to the land between the
two rivers, Euphrates and
Tigris.
The First canals were built by
the Sumerians in southern
Mesopotamia.
The Mesopotamian engineers
made the first advances in
bucket hoist for lifting water.

11. Mesopotamian Engineers
The Assyrians developed fierce
military machines like iron
weapons and wagons.
The modern day four wheeled
vehicle owes its beginning to the
efforts of the Assyrian-
Mesopotamian engineers.

12. Mesopotamian Engineers
The King of Assyrians built an
aqueduct and paved streets.
Mesopotamian engineers built the
oldest stone bridge attributed to the
Chaldeans.
Ziggurats were massive stepped cult
platforms found in certain
Mesopotamian sanctuaries.

13. Mesopotamian Engineers
The materials used to build a
Mesopotamian house were the same
as those used today: mud (clay)
brick, mud plaster and wooden
doors, which were all naturally
available around the city.

14. Egyptian Engineers
Built with great perfection and
accuracy.
Relied on physical labor and
primitive tools.
Many structures were made
from limestone blocks.
Took many years to complete.

15. Egyptian Engineers
Largest pyramid constructed is the
Great Pyramid of Giza at 481 feet.
Took 20 years to build, with 20,000
workers.
Consists of 2,400,000 stones, each
weighing more than 2 tons.
Spanned a distance of 13 acres of
land.

16. Greek Engineers
Greece was similar to Egypt and
Mesopotamia.
The connection between pure
science and engineering was
introduced by the Greeks.
Greek engineers were involved in
projects such as drainage and
tunnels.

17. Greek Engineers
The Greeks gave us the science of hydrostatics
and developed the theory of mechanical
advantage
They were involved in projects such as digging
a canal across the isthmus of Corinth
Engineers invented
things such as a
mechanical bird that
flew by compressed air
and the screw fastener

18. Roman Engineers
Romans contributed much to
engineering and science that we are
still using day.
Today’s Civil Engineers descended
from Roman engineers’ great works
such as roads, bridges, public
buildings, aqueducts, and sewers.
In all of the work Romans did, the
most significant advances of
Roman engineers and architects
was in building houses.

19. Roman Engineers
Romans were the first to discover cement, which
we use today for houses and bridges. Roman
engineers made extensive use of the water wheel.
Many wheel-shaped devices were use for hoisting
water, and there were many improvements over
time. The water-mills could be used to supply to
the entire city.

20. Roman Engineers
Other significant inventions during Roman Imperia
period were trusses and pendentive.
Trusses  Sewer Pendentive

21. The Oriental Engineers
Oriental engineers built
massive structures often as
temples for religious uses.
Chinese engineers had
distinctive architecture such as
buildings with curved roofs.

22. The Oriental Engineers
Chinese engineers built hanging
bridges with bamboo cables.
They built canals for irrigation
purposes.
Great Walls for protection from
their enemies

23. The Oriental Engineers
It is believed that the Chinese also
built the wheelbarrow.
The Chinese, like many ancient
engineers, improved upon existing
inventions.
The Chinese improved the clock by
using the escapement, a mechanism
that made it possible to control the
speed of the clock.

24. The European Engineers
Craftsmen worked through rule of
thumb after learning their trade
through a system of apprenticeship.
Concentrated interests in the physical
sciences, science of statistics and forces
in load bearing walls.
Advances: flying machine, increase in
use of water power, water powered
hammer, and draw plates for drawing
wire were all introduced.

25. The European Engineers
Advancements in structural forms and
trusses used in building.
Allowed for building of large cathedrals
Notre Dame de Paris “Our Lady of Paris”
was built from 1160-1345 Colored glass
and sheer greatness of construction were
used to resemble the light and greatness of
God. It was dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

26. The European Engineers
Power Machinery: water powered sawmills and
windmills
Wheeled Traffic: the first omnibus capable of carrying
up to sixty passengers appeared around the 18th
century.
 Hydraulics Engineering: Canal building was more
advanced than that of the Roman Engineers

27. The European Engineers
Ship Building: Greatly improved ships
to help lead to the age of exploration.
Development in the Middle Ages
favored “round ships", with a broad
beam and heavily curved at both ends.
Renaissance: Engineering schools
started to appear as well as defined
engineering disciplines.

28. Secrets of the Success of Ancient Engineers
Made use of simple instruments and devices.
Unlimited manpower and the ability to organize
it.
Infinite Patience.

29. Resources
 The following are a list of excellent reference sources which contain
information on engineering disasters or failures and their consequences:
 "Breakdown: Deadly Technological Disasters",
by Neil Schlager, Visible Ink Press, Detroit, 1995
 "Set Phasers on Stun",
by Steven Casey, Aegean Publishing Co., Santa Barbara, 1993
 "To Engineer is Human",
by Henry Petroski, Vintage Books, New York, 1992
 "Design Paradigms : Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering",
by Henry Petroski, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994
 "Civil Engineering Practice: Engineering Success by Analysis of Failure",
by David D.A. Piesold, McGraw-Hill Professional, New York, 1991
 "When Technology Fails: Significant Technological Disasters, Accidents, and Failures
of the Twentieth Century",
by Neil Schlager (Editor), Nell Y. Schlager (Editor), Gale Group, New York, 1994
 "Inviting Disaster: Lessons From the Edge of Technology",
by James R. Chiles, Harper Business, New York, 2002