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INTRODUCTION TO
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.
All the building materials are composed of different types of material. These materials are either
called building materials or materials of construction. Building material is any material used for
construction purposes such as materials for house building. Wood, cement, aggregates, metals,
bricks, concrete, and clay are the most common type of building materials used in construction. The
choice of these is based on their cost-effectiveness for building projects.
2.3-TYPES OF BUILDING MATERIAL:
Stone, Bricks, Lime, Cement.
CEMENT: Cement is a binding material which makes a bond between aggregates and reinforcing
materials together. With the development of technology, quality and types of cement have also
developed. So, there are different types of cement for different construction works.
Followings are the types of
cement:
• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
• Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
• Rapid Hardening Cement
• Quick setting cement
• Low Heat Cement
• Sulphates resisting cement
• High Alumina Cement
• White Cement
• Coloured cement
• STONE: The hard-solid non-metallic material of which rock is made
especially as a building material. Stone is used for foundation, walls,
columns, roof, etc. stone are adopted to give the massive appearance
to the structure
• BRICKS: Bricks are obtained by molding clay in rectangular blocks
of uniform size and then by drying and burning these blocks. Different
types of bricks are used in masonry construction based on materials
such as clay, concrete, lime, fly ash, etc. Filed field identification of
bricks for their properties, uses and suitability for different
construction works is important. Based on the manufacturing process,
bricks are broadly classified into two types, 1. Sun-Dried or unburnt
bricks 2. Burnt bricks
• LIMESTONE:
• Limestone has a wide variety of uses in home construction
based on the numerous products into which it can be processed.
Consultants who provide building and construction advice have
recommended it over and above, it has been used in the
building and construction industry for walls and floors on the
building
• Limestone can easily be shaped into blocks or bricks.
• Limestone has been widely available in many countries
worldwide.
• Limestone blocks have high strength.
• Limestone can also be used in road construction where
limestone aggregate is incorporated into forming the base of
the road.
SAND:
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock
and minerals particles. The most common constitution of sand is silica, usually
in the form of quartz. Sand is formed by the weathering of rock based on the
natural sources from which sand is obtained, it is classified as follow:
Pit sand, River sand, Hill sand.
PIT SAND: It is also known as coarse sand. This type of sand is produced from
deep pits of abundant supply and it is generally in red-orange colour.
RIVER SAND: The river sand is produced from
river streams and bank. It is fine in quality unlike
pit sand. This type of sand has rounded grains
generally in white grey colour.
HILL SAND: Hill sand is formed in mountainous
regions. It is formed by the decomposition of
organic matter from forests. It is rich in humans
and poor in potash and lime.

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introduction to construction material.pptx

  • 2. All the building materials are composed of different types of material. These materials are either called building materials or materials of construction. Building material is any material used for construction purposes such as materials for house building. Wood, cement, aggregates, metals, bricks, concrete, and clay are the most common type of building materials used in construction. The choice of these is based on their cost-effectiveness for building projects. 2.3-TYPES OF BUILDING MATERIAL: Stone, Bricks, Lime, Cement. CEMENT: Cement is a binding material which makes a bond between aggregates and reinforcing materials together. With the development of technology, quality and types of cement have also developed. So, there are different types of cement for different construction works.
  • 3. Followings are the types of cement: • Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) • Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) • Rapid Hardening Cement • Quick setting cement • Low Heat Cement • Sulphates resisting cement • High Alumina Cement • White Cement • Coloured cement
  • 4. • STONE: The hard-solid non-metallic material of which rock is made especially as a building material. Stone is used for foundation, walls, columns, roof, etc. stone are adopted to give the massive appearance to the structure
  • 5. • BRICKS: Bricks are obtained by molding clay in rectangular blocks of uniform size and then by drying and burning these blocks. Different types of bricks are used in masonry construction based on materials such as clay, concrete, lime, fly ash, etc. Filed field identification of bricks for their properties, uses and suitability for different construction works is important. Based on the manufacturing process, bricks are broadly classified into two types, 1. Sun-Dried or unburnt bricks 2. Burnt bricks
  • 6. • LIMESTONE: • Limestone has a wide variety of uses in home construction based on the numerous products into which it can be processed. Consultants who provide building and construction advice have recommended it over and above, it has been used in the building and construction industry for walls and floors on the building • Limestone can easily be shaped into blocks or bricks. • Limestone has been widely available in many countries worldwide. • Limestone blocks have high strength. • Limestone can also be used in road construction where limestone aggregate is incorporated into forming the base of the road.
  • 7. SAND: Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and minerals particles. The most common constitution of sand is silica, usually in the form of quartz. Sand is formed by the weathering of rock based on the natural sources from which sand is obtained, it is classified as follow: Pit sand, River sand, Hill sand. PIT SAND: It is also known as coarse sand. This type of sand is produced from deep pits of abundant supply and it is generally in red-orange colour.
  • 8. RIVER SAND: The river sand is produced from river streams and bank. It is fine in quality unlike pit sand. This type of sand has rounded grains generally in white grey colour. HILL SAND: Hill sand is formed in mountainous regions. It is formed by the decomposition of organic matter from forests. It is rich in humans and poor in potash and lime.