This document provides an overview of key concepts in social welfare policy, including definitions of social welfare policy, social services, and the different types of agencies that provide social services. It also discusses how social problems relate to social welfare policy and how values and ideology influence policymaking. Political ideologies that impact welfare policy are explored, including conservatism, liberalism, and libertarianism. The roles of economics, politics, and social work in relation to welfare policy are also summarized.
This chapter describes the process by which governmental policy is made, including its phases, the importance of stratification, and the role of influential organizations. The public policy process is important because many social welfare policies are established by government, and decisions by federal and state agencies have a direct bearing on the administration and funding of social welfare programs that assist millions of Americans and employ thousands of human service professionals.
This chapter provides an overview of the American welfare state through that lens. In particular, it examines various definitions of social welfare policy, the relationship between social policy and social problems, and the values and ideologies that drive social welfare in the United States. In addition, the chapter examines the effects of ideology on the U.S. welfare state, including the import-ant roles played by conservatism and liberalism (and their variations) in shaping welfare policy. An understanding of social welfare policy requires the ability to grasp the economic justifications and consequences that underlie policy decisions. As such, this chapter contains a brief introduction to Keynesianism, free market economics, socialism, and communitarianism, among others.
This chapter describes the process by which governmental policy is made, including its phases, the importance of stratification, and the role of influential organizations. The public policy process is important because many social welfare policies are established by government, and decisions by federal and state agencies have a direct bearing on the administration and funding of social welfare programs that assist millions of Americans and employ thousands of human service professionals.
This chapter provides an overview of the American welfare state through that lens. In particular, it examines various definitions of social welfare policy, the relationship between social policy and social problems, and the values and ideologies that drive social welfare in the United States. In addition, the chapter examines the effects of ideology on the U.S. welfare state, including the import-ant roles played by conservatism and liberalism (and their variations) in shaping welfare policy. An understanding of social welfare policy requires the ability to grasp the economic justifications and consequences that underlie policy decisions. As such, this chapter contains a brief introduction to Keynesianism, free market economics, socialism, and communitarianism, among others.
AEC, KI a INESS v spolupráci s ďalšími partnermi organizovali medzinárodnú
konferenciu v rámci Free Market Road Show 2013 na tému Šetriť alebo
nešetriť: Zachránia Európu len úsporné opatrenia?, ktorá sa konala dňa 7.
júna 2013 v Bratislave. Ďalšie súvisiace informácie nájdete na
www.konzervativizmus.sk
AEC, in cooperation with the Conservative Institute and INESS, and in
association with international partners organized the Free Market Road
Show 2013 in Bratislava on June 7, 2013. More information at
www.institute.sk.
AEC, KI a INESS v spolupráci s ďalšími partnermi organizovali medzinárodnú
konferenciu v rámci Free Market Road Show 2013 na tému Šetriť alebo
nešetriť: Zachránia Európu len úsporné opatrenia?, ktorá sa konala dňa 7.
júna 2013 v Bratislave. Ďalšie súvisiace informácie nájdete na
www.konzervativizmus.sk
AEC, in cooperation with the Conservative Institute and INESS, and in
association with international partners organized the Free Market Road
Show 2013 in Bratislava on June 7, 2013. More information at
www.institute.sk.
What are political parties? What are they for? How do you set up a political party? Are political parties in crisis? Parties not only have fewer and fewer members, they must have a leader and are no longer present locally. In 2014 Prof. Sabino Cassese began to talk about the ‘liquefaction of parties’.
AEC, KI a INESS v spolupráci s ďalšími partnermi organizovali medzinárodnú
konferenciu v rámci Free Market Road Show 2013 na tému Šetriť alebo
nešetriť: Zachránia Európu len úsporné opatrenia?, ktorá sa konala dňa 7.
júna 2013 v Bratislave. Ďalšie súvisiace informácie nájdete na
www.konzervativizmus.sk
AEC, in cooperation with the Conservative Institute and INESS, and in
association with international partners organized the Free Market Road
Show 2013 in Bratislava on June 7, 2013. More information at
www.institute.sk.
AEC, KI a INESS v spolupráci s ďalšími partnermi organizovali medzinárodnú
konferenciu v rámci Free Market Road Show 2013 na tému Šetriť alebo
nešetriť: Zachránia Európu len úsporné opatrenia?, ktorá sa konala dňa 7.
júna 2013 v Bratislave. Ďalšie súvisiace informácie nájdete na
www.konzervativizmus.sk
AEC, in cooperation with the Conservative Institute and INESS, and in
association with international partners organized the Free Market Road
Show 2013 in Bratislava on June 7, 2013. More information at
www.institute.sk.
What are political parties? What are they for? How do you set up a political party? Are political parties in crisis? Parties not only have fewer and fewer members, they must have a leader and are no longer present locally. In 2014 Prof. Sabino Cassese began to talk about the ‘liquefaction of parties’.
Political economy of healthcare financing reformsHFG Project
Presented during Day Four of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Dr. Gafar Alawode. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
Definitions of Social Welfare PolicyThe English social scientisLinaCovington707
"Definitions of Social Welfare Policy
The English social scientist Richard Titmuss defined social services as “a series of collective interventions that contribute to the general welfare by assigning claims from one set of people who are said to produce or earn the national income to another set of people who may merit compassion and charity.”8 Welfare policy, whether it is the product of governmental, voluntary, or corporate institutions, is concerned with allocating goods, services, and opportunities to enhance social functioning.
William Epstein defined social policy as “social action sanctioned by society.”9 Social policy can also be defined as the formal and consistent ordering of human affairs. Social welfare policy, a subset of social policy, regulates the provision of benefits to people to meet basic life needs, such as employment, income, food, housing, health care, and relationships.
Social welfare policy is influenced by the context in which benefits are provided. For example, social welfare is often associated with legislatively mandated programs of the governmental sector, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). In the TANF program, social welfare policy consists of the rules by which the federal and state governments apportion cash benefits to an economically disadvantaged population. TANF benefits are derived from general revenue taxes (often paid by citizens who are better-off). But this is a simplification of benefits provided to those deemed needy. Benefits provided through governmental social welfare policy include cash, along with noncash or in-kind benefits, including personal social services.10 Cash benefits can be further divided into social insurance and public assistance grants (discussed in depth in Chapters 10 and 11).
In-kind benefits (provided as proxies for cash) include benefits such as food stamps; Medicaid; housing vouchers; Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) coupons; and low-income energy assistance. Personal social services are designed to enhance relationships between people as well as institutions, such as individual, family, and mental health treatment; child welfare services; rehabilitation counseling; and so forth. Although complicated, this classification reflects a common theme—the redistribution of resources from the better-off to the more disadvantaged. This redistributive aspect of social welfare policy is generally accepted by those who view social welfare as a legitimate function of the state. Governmental social welfare policy is often referred to as “public” policy because it is the result of decisions reached through a legislative process intended to represent the entire population.
But social welfare is also provided by nongovernmental entities, in which case social welfare policy is a manifestation of “private” policy. For example, a nonprofit agency with a high demand for its services and limited resources may establish a waiting list as agency policy. As other agencies adop ...
Chapter 2 a brief history of the american social welfare state (2020 update)ALMA HERNANDEZ, JD, LMSW
This chapter examines the historical antecedents of the American social welfare state, examining the early institutions that addressed human needs. The influence of Judeo Christian charity customs is examined, as well as the English Poor Laws which served as an early model for much of American social welfare. These influential eras of social welfare development – colonial America, the Civil War, Progressivism, the Great Depression, Post-World War II, the Great Society – are linked to modern welfare state. The roles of industrialization and the voluntary sector are also examined. Early social welfare leaders who emerged throughout the 19th and 20th centuries created structures that would advance social justice in America, create models for social welfare responses, and champion causes to improve conditions for vulnerable populations.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Learning Objectives
Definitions of social welfare policy
Relationship between social welfare policy and social
problems
Values and ideologies that drive social welfare in the U.S.
Conservatism vs. liberalism
Economic justification and consequences
3. Definitions
What is Social Welfare Policy?
The regulation of the provision of benefits to people who
require assist ance in meeting their basic life needs, such as
for employment, income, food, health care, and relationships
4. Definitions
What are Social Services?
Programs designed to increase human capital by ameliorating
problems in psychosocial functioning, providing necessary goods
and services outside normal market mechanisms, and providing
cash supplements for the lack of market income
Basic idea is to redistribute resources from those who have more
(taxpayers) to those who are disadvantaged
5. Definitions
What five different types of agencies provide social services?
Public or government agencies
Non-profit agencies
For-profit agencies
Mutual help or self-help agencies
Religious Organizations
6. Definitions
Public/government agencies are:
Established by law or legislation
Funded by taxpayers
Provide cash, non-cash as well as in-kind benefits
In-kind benefits: Noncash goods or services provided by the
government that function as proxy for cash
Ex. Food stamps, housing vouchers or medical care
7. Definitions
Non-profit agencies:
Funded by donations, grants, endowments, other non-profits
Governed by a board of trustees or directors
For-profit agencies:
Charge a fee-for-service for services provided
Users pay out of pocket or use Medicaid, health insurance or other forms of
payment
8. Definitions
Mutual-help groups:
Funded by its members; run like grassroots, low expenses
Led by those who have suffered or live through same/similar
experiences
Religious organizations:
Provide outreach services; run by a church
Do not require consumers to belong to same religion affiliation
9. Definitions
Mutual-help groups:
Funded by its members; run like grassroots, low expenses
Led by those who have suffered or live through same/similar
experiences
Religious organizations:
Provide outreach services; run by a church
Do not require consumers to belong to same religion affiliation
10. Social Problems & Social Welfare
Policy
Capitalism
Is an economic system in which most of production, manufacturing
and distribution of goods and services takes place under private
functions
How does capitalism interact with social welfare?
Supply and demand leads to bankruptcy and other economic shifts
Changing economy means jobs created in one sector and lost in others
11. Social Problems & Social Welfare
Policy
Capitalism
Unemployed workers seek out unemployment insurance
Under paid/under employed workers seek out supplemental benefits
(e.g., SNAP, Medicaid, housing vouchers and Section 8, etc.)
Social welfare that supplements wages keep consumer prices low
Help stabilize prices and help in economic growth
12. Social Work and Social Policy
Inadequate funding normally has damaging effects on social
services:
Under staffing and over stretched staff; higher caseloads
Under paid staff, under qualified or cutting staff altogether
Unavailability of resources within the agency
13. Social Work and Welfare Policy
Social policies determine how social work is performed.
What sort aspects of social policies direct social work?
14. Social Work and Welfare Policy
Social policies determine how social work is performed.
What sort aspects of social policies direct social work?
Funding
Support
Implementation
Need
15. Social Work and Welfare Policy
What directs policymaking?
Personal values (by extension political values)
Ideology
Customs and tradition
Money
Demand? Need?
Assumptions based on research?
16. Social Work and Welfare Policy
Ideology
Is a set of socially sanctioned assumptions, usually unexamined, explaining how the world
works and encompassing a society’s general methods for addressing social problems
What is it?
How the world works
What has value
What is worth living for and dying for
What is good
What is true
What is right
17. Political Economy & Welfare
Welfare can be viewed from the political view and an economical view
Keynesian economics
John Maynard Keynes
An economic school that proposes government intervention in the economy through such
activities as social welfare programs to stimulate and regulate economic growth
Liberal economics in which the government must interfere in order to stabilize the economy
18. Political Economy & Welfare
Free-Market economics (Friedrich Hayek)
Markets are organic and should be left alone; any interference will be an obstacle to
efficiency
Conservative view
Government welfare programs erode work ethic. Need compels people to work.
Tax payer money that goes to welfare does not go to govt investment in private sector
Supply-side Economics. A school of political economy that proposes reductions in social
programs so that tax dollars can be reinvested in the private sector to capitalize economic
growth
“Trickle-down Economics”
Historically shown not to work, but continually preferred by conservative administrations.
Why don’t they work?
19. Political Economy & Welfare
Both Keynesian and economic conservatives believe that capitalism is compatible with
public good. (p. 11). Socialism disagrees.
Democratic Socialism.
Believe that social welfare is needed to combat the problems caused by capitalism. Individual good
versus the common good. Seeks sweeping institutional change.
Social welfare should be structural and can only be accomplished by redistributing resources
20. Political Continuum & Welfare
Liberalism (Leftist Movement)
View government as a way to bring social justice to those held back by racism, discrimination,
sexism, etc. as well as poverty
FDR’s New Deal credited with promoting the common good -- provided non-means tested
welfare and healthcare programs
Social Security Act of 1935 – taxed the wealthy and uses that revenue to secure programs for the
poor. Expanded to include more middle class programs like Medicare, FHA mortgage loans,
federally insured student loans, etc.
21. Political Continuum & Welfare
Neoliberalism – transformation from liberal system and move Democratic Party closer to
center than left
Called for personal responsibility, work requirements, cutting expending on welfare
programs (ex. TANF limited benefits and requirements; child support enforcement, etc.)
More tolerant of big corporations and opposed to economic protections
Argued for free-trade and de-regulation of large corporations and service providers,
and a hands-off approach to social problems
Pro investing in human capital such as vocational training, education and research; Anti
excessive unproductive spending on welfare programs and prices supports
Presidents Clinton and Obama are viewed as Neoliberals
22. Political Continuum & Welfare
Conservatives – in general, anti-union and pro-corporation, oppose regulations by the
government, want lower taxes and less social spending, advocate for local and state
government involvement (in lieu of federal government), oppose civil rights legislation, are
pro-gun and gun lobby.
Tradition conservatives – tend to be strict constitutionalists, strongly believe in the
separation of church and state
Cultural conservatives – tend to push a strongly religious agenda; are pro-life, anti-
contraception and anti-LGBT rights.
23. Political Continuum & Welfare
Neoconservatives – An ideology that recognizes the need for social welfare but creates
social programs that are compatible with requirements of the market economy and
traditional values
Meaning they want the private sector to manage and bare the cost of the needs met by social
welfare
Blame the government for releasing others of the responsibility for caring for those in need and
creating the dependency of recipients
Believed that unemployment is good for the economy because policies that seek income equality
damage the economy and limit individual freedom
Short-lived ideology soon replaced by cultural conservatives
24. Political Continuum & Welfare
Cultural conservatives –
Similarly to traditional conservatives, clamor for a hands-off governmental attitude towards
regulation of the markets.
Unlike traditional conservatives, want high level governmental regulation of social programs
Believe that Christians values should be upheld in governmental regulations, including abortion,
gay rights, health care, and contraceptives.
Biggest victory is the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
(PRWORA)
Required recipients of programs like TANF to work, attend parenting classes, and agreed to stay drug and
alcohol free
Other programs favored the father remaining in the home or even promoted marriage
25. Political Continuum & Welfare
Libertarians –
Believe government growth comes at the expense of personal freedoms
Government should only be involved when it comes to protection, meaning police forces
domestically and military forces to protect against outside influences
Highly critical of taxation in any form since it means both government involvement and growth
They believe in decriminalization of narcotics and government should stay out of personal decision
making
Green Party
Believes in “green” politics or those that revolve around the environment
Non-violent resolution of conflict (anti-war); battle social injustice and participatory democracy (let
the people decide)
In the political spectrum, Green Party is to the left of Democrats
