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Introduction into the CNS anatomy.
Spinal cord
(Lecture I)
Plan of the lecture
• Anatomical-and-functional characteristic of
the nervous system.
• Basic morphological elements of the nervous
system.
• Concept of gray and white matter, nucleus,
ganglions, conductive tracts.
• Spinal cord: external and internal structures.
Nervous system
I. Anatomical classification
Central
nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral
nervous system (PNS)
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Plexuses
Sensory
=afferent division
Nervous system
II. Functional classification
Motor
= efferent division
Autonomic=vegetative
(unvoluntary)
Somatic=animal
(voluntary)
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Organization of the Nervous System
Nervous Tissue
• Nervous Tissue = Neurons + Neuroglia
Neuroglia or Glia= Support Cells
 Astrocytes
 Oligodendrocytes(CNS)
 Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers
 Microglia (CNS)
 Spider-like phagocytes
 Dispose of debris
 Ependymal cells (CNS)
 Line cavities of the
brain and spinal cord
 Circulate
cerebrospinal
fluid
Neurons
Neurons differ functionally from other cells by
two properties:
• Excitability = the ability to form the electric
impulse
• Conductivity = the ability to carry out
nervous impulses.
Neuron Anatomy
 Body of the neuron
Processes: dendrites
and axon
Dendrites conduct
impulses to the neuron
body
Axon (only 1!) conducts
impulses from the
neuron body
 Multipolar neurons – many
dendrites+1 axon
 Bipolar neurons – one axon
and one dendrite
 Pseudounipolar neurons –
axon and denrites are
started together and than
isolated
NB!! In any department of a brain and the
spinal cord on a cross-cut we distinguish grey
and white matter.
Grey matter is a set of the neurons bodies which are
united in nucleus and ganglia.
White matter is a set of axons with the same function,
which are united into conducting pathway or tracts.
Grey matter
Grey matter forms nuclea and ganglia.
Nucleus is the aggregate of neurons, which have
the same function and development and are
located inside of CNS.
We can allocate sensory, motor and autonomic
nucleus in CNS.
Ganglia is the aggregate of neurons, which have
the same function and development and are
located out side of CNS.
There are sensory and autonomic ganglia.
White matter
White matter forms conducting pathway or
tracts.
Two types of tracts:
Sensory tracts
=Afferent
=Centropetal
=Assending
Motor tracts
=Efferent
=Centrofugal
=Dessending
Reflex arch
Somatic and autonomic
reflex arches
SPINAL CORD
=Спинной мозг=
Medulla spinalis=
Myelos
SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг=
Medulla spinalis= Myelos
SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг=
Medulla spinalis= Myelos
SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг=
Medulla spinalis= Myelos

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Introduction into CNS.pptx

  • 1. Introduction into the CNS anatomy. Spinal cord (Lecture I)
  • 2. Plan of the lecture • Anatomical-and-functional characteristic of the nervous system. • Basic morphological elements of the nervous system. • Concept of gray and white matter, nucleus, ganglions, conductive tracts. • Spinal cord: external and internal structures.
  • 3. Nervous system I. Anatomical classification Central nervous system (CNS) Brain Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Ganglia Plexuses
  • 4. Sensory =afferent division Nervous system II. Functional classification Motor = efferent division Autonomic=vegetative (unvoluntary) Somatic=animal (voluntary) Parasympathetic Sympathetic
  • 5. Organization of the Nervous System
  • 6.
  • 7. Nervous Tissue • Nervous Tissue = Neurons + Neuroglia
  • 8. Neuroglia or Glia= Support Cells  Astrocytes  Oligodendrocytes(CNS)  Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers  Microglia (CNS)  Spider-like phagocytes  Dispose of debris  Ependymal cells (CNS)  Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord  Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
  • 9. Neurons Neurons differ functionally from other cells by two properties: • Excitability = the ability to form the electric impulse • Conductivity = the ability to carry out nervous impulses.
  • 10. Neuron Anatomy  Body of the neuron Processes: dendrites and axon Dendrites conduct impulses to the neuron body Axon (only 1!) conducts impulses from the neuron body
  • 11.
  • 12.  Multipolar neurons – many dendrites+1 axon  Bipolar neurons – one axon and one dendrite  Pseudounipolar neurons – axon and denrites are started together and than isolated
  • 13. NB!! In any department of a brain and the spinal cord on a cross-cut we distinguish grey and white matter. Grey matter is a set of the neurons bodies which are united in nucleus and ganglia. White matter is a set of axons with the same function, which are united into conducting pathway or tracts.
  • 14. Grey matter Grey matter forms nuclea and ganglia. Nucleus is the aggregate of neurons, which have the same function and development and are located inside of CNS. We can allocate sensory, motor and autonomic nucleus in CNS. Ganglia is the aggregate of neurons, which have the same function and development and are located out side of CNS. There are sensory and autonomic ganglia.
  • 15. White matter White matter forms conducting pathway or tracts. Two types of tracts: Sensory tracts =Afferent =Centropetal =Assending Motor tracts =Efferent =Centrofugal =Dessending
  • 19. SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг= Medulla spinalis= Myelos
  • 20. SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг= Medulla spinalis= Myelos
  • 21. SPINAL CORD =Спинной мозг= Medulla spinalis= Myelos