Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Intro to commn
chapter 2: Breaking barriers:communication in practice
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behavior
unit 10: Decision Making
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson 10: ORGANIZING FOR BRAND BUILDING
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 9: Family Life Cycle
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Gerbner’s model of communication2
Lesson : Gerbner’s model of communication2
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behavior
unit 10: Decision Making
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson 10: ORGANIZING FOR BRAND BUILDING
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 9: Family Life Cycle
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Gerbner’s model of communication2
Lesson : Gerbner’s model of communication2
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 2 new: Consumer
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Communication
Lesson : 7 Cs of Communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 6: Motivation
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 1: Consumer behaviour
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Reporting
unit : WHITE COLLAR CRIME
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Reporting
unit : Organized Cybercrime
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Creative writing sectin 2
unit 2: writing for Radio
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Communication
Lesson : Sociological model of communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Brand personaity
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer Behavior
unit 4 : Culture
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behavior
unit 8 : Attitude
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 3: Perception
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Gerbner’s model of communication
Lesson : Gerbner’s model of communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Introduction to branding
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject : BRAND BUILDING
Lesson: value chain and revenue streams
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Gestures ppt
Lesson : Body Language
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : BRAND IDENTITY TRAPS
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Understanding cinema film studies
Lesson 2: Early Indian cinema
Faculty Name: Amol Jadhav
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 2 new: Consumer
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Communication
Lesson : 7 Cs of Communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 6: Motivation
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 1: Consumer behaviour
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Reporting
unit : WHITE COLLAR CRIME
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Reporting
unit : Organized Cybercrime
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Creative writing sectin 2
unit 2: writing for Radio
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Communication
Lesson : Sociological model of communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Brand personaity
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer Behavior
unit 4 : Culture
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behavior
unit 8 : Attitude
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Consumer behaviour
unit 3: Perception
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Gerbner’s model of communication
Lesson : Gerbner’s model of communication
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Introduction to branding
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject : BRAND BUILDING
Lesson: value chain and revenue streams
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Gestures ppt
Lesson : Body Language
Faculty Name: Saurabh Deshpande
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : BRAND IDENTITY TRAPS
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Understanding cinema film studies
Lesson 2: Early Indian cinema
Faculty Name: Amol Jadhav
Reflection PaperSelect a significant tragic event (either domestic.docxhennela
Reflection Paper
Select a significant tragic event (either domestic or global) that has occurred over the last 50 years. The interactive presentation in this unit provides some ideas of historical tragic events, but understand that these are just ideas. After describing the event and the post-tragedy events, discuss the ethical aspects revolving around this incident. This discussion may require some additional research to understand the ethical situations and the impact the event(s) had on affected people and their ability to move on with their lives.
1. Describe the actions of people and organizational leaders directly and indirectly involved with the tragedy. Specifically, address the ethical issues they faced.
2. What were some of the actions of local, state, and federal personnel with respect to dealing with this tragedy? 3. Explain the strategies of organizations that attempted to assist with the clean-up after the tragic event. Describe several of the pressures that influenced their strategies. Distinguish between social responsibility, integrity, and simple business ethics.
4. How has this event affected the ethical culture here in the United States? What other effect has it had on society as a whole?
5. What other lessons might we learn from this event in the future? Your response must be a minimum of two double-spaced pages. You are required to use at least one scholarly source in your response. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying in-text citations, and be cited per APA guidelines.
...
Human Resources is a must in every company which is one of the essential parts in order to operates and achieving company’s objectives. In globalization era, the words ‘Expatriate’, A person who lives outside their native country, have become very common due to the help of technologies and the lates development of country’s and regional regulation to make it easier to work overseas.
Project One Fall 2017Due date is October 25Scenario.docxbriancrawford30935
Project One Fall 2017
Due date is October 25
Scenario:
Create a business proposal for a small retail store (you can make up this store).
The new retail store is going to choose among the business proposals (other companies will be giving proposals also) as to which database would be appropriate to use for their new business.
The retail store is in the initial phase of operations and would like to start with a small database that contains information about their customers, their products, suppliers and sales. In your proposal, you have included examples of the tables, queries, forms and reports.
1. Before you write this proposal, List at least 5 questions you would have asked in order to design the database.
2. Design the tables in your database and explain how they are related. Assign primary and foreign keys where necessary. Explain the purpose of each table.
· Design at least four tables for the business (ex: customer, supplier)
· Add at least 6 rows of information (ex: 6 customers to the customer table)
3. Design one query that the business owners may be interested in.
4. Design one form that you think would be valuable for the business owner to have.
5. Design one report that would be valuable for the business owner to have.
6. In the Business Proposal you should include the follow:
· Problem Statement (In this case, state the purpose)
· Problem
Solution
(this is where you can describe your tables, how they are related, how they are useful and the purpose of the tables, query, report and form.
· Pricing (Be creative, remember this is a new company with not much capital)
· Why should they choose you over a competitor?
You will submit both the database and the report in blackboard it will be listed under assignments.
The Project is due at the start of class on the due date. Each day late there will be a 5 point deduction per day.
PSY-100 Required Readings
Topic
Resource Readings
Topic 2:
Social Learning Theory: How Close Is Too Close
Read "Characteristics of an Emotionally Healthy Person" from the Mobility Forum: The Journal of the Air Mobility Command's Magazine (2002), located in the GCU eLibrary. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=8634490&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Read "Intelligence, Emotional" from Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of the Handicapped and Other Exceptional Children and Adults (2006), located in the GCU eLibrary. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/wileyse/intelligence_emotional/0
Read: Harmon-Jones, E., & van Honk, J. (2012). Introduction to a Special Issue on the Neuroscience of Motivation and Emotion. Motivation And Emotion, 36(1), 1-3.
doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9281-x https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2012-06287-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Read Do You See What I See? Learning to Detect Micro Expressio.
Application 2 – Annotated BibliographyAs part of your doctoral s.docxjustine1simpson78276
Application 2 – Annotated Bibliography
As part of your doctoral seminar for this set of weeks, you are participating in a seminar-style discussion about the weekly topics. Recall that you were asked to address 5 of the Required Resources and at least 5 additional resources from the Walden Library and to incorporate them into your posting. As a related exercise, submit an annotated bibliography of the 10 resources you referred to this week. For each entry, be sure to address the following as a minimum:
· Include the full APA citation
· Discuss the scope of the resource
· Discuss the purpose and philosophical approach
· Discuss the underlying assumptions
· If referring to a research reporting article, present the methodology
· Relate the resource to the body of resources you have consulted in this course
· Discuss any evident limitations and opportunities for further inquiry
Ressources
Articles
· Ben-Megachem, M., & Gelbard, R. (2002). Integrated IT management tool kit. Communications of the ACM, 45(4), 96--102.
Retrieved from the Business Source Complete database
This article explores the tools used in IT management.
· Bower, J. L., & Gilbert, C. G. (2007). How managers' everyday decisions create or destroy your company's strategy. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 72--79.
Retrieved from the Business Source Complete database
The authors of this article look at who is behind the decisions that drive a company's strategy and the impact this has on the organization as a whole.
· Ngwenyama, O. K., & Lee, A. S. (1997). Communication richness in electronic mail: Critical social theory and the contextuality of meaning. MIS Quarterly, 21(2), 145--167.
Retrieved from the Business Source Complete database
This article looks at the recent shift in support of the information richness theory (IRT) and how this has forced the need for a new definition of communication richness.
· Orlikowski, W. J. (1992). The duality of technology: Rethinking the concept of technology in organizations. Organization Science, 3(3), 398--427.
Retrieved from the Business Source Complete database
In this article, the author examines a new theoretical model with which to look at the interactions between technology and organizations.
· Orlov, L. (2008, March 5). Why IT management frameworks don't guarantee IT success. CIO Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.cio.com/article/192901/Why_IT_Management_Frameworks_Don_t_Guarantee_IT_Success
The author of this article looks at why IT management frameworks are not always responsible for an organization's IT success rate.
· Schneier, B. (2008, May 26). How to sell security. CIO Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.cio.com/article/367913/How_to_Sell_Security
· Scott, J. E., & Vessey, I. (2002). Managing risks in enterprise systems implementations. Communications of the ACM, 45(4), 74–81.
· Van Grembergen, W. (2003) The balanced scorecard and IT governance. Information Systems Control Journal. Link available in the Weeks 1-2 Resources .
Unit 5 Business EthicsSelect a significant tragic event (eithe.docxgibbonshay
Unit 5 Business Ethics
Select a significant tragic event (either domestic or global) that has occurred during the last 50 years. After describing the event and the post-tragedy events, discuss the ethical aspects revolving around this incident. This may require some additional research to understand the ethical situations and the impact these had on affected people being able to move on with their lives.
1. Describe the actions of people and organizational leaders directly and indirectly involved with the tragedy. Specifically, address the ethical issues they faced.
2. What were some of the actions of local, state and federal personnel with respect to dealing with this tragedy?
3. Explain the strategies of organizations that attempted to assist with the clean-up after the tragic event. Describe several of the pressures that influenced their strategies. Distinguish between social responsibility, integrity and simple business ethics.
4. How has this event affected the ethical culture here in the United States? What other affect has it had on society as a whole?
Your response should include an introduction, thesis statement, and a clear discussion of the questions/topics above.
It should be a minimum of two double-spaced pages. You are required to use at least two credible references.
All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying in-text citations and be cited per APA guidelines.
...
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson :Size of m&e industry
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Cable & Satellite Television
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson 9: MANAGING BRANDS OVER TIME
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Discovering Marketing Communication &
Media Consumption Trends
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Film exhibition
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Brand startegies
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : Brand positioning
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson : BRAND LEVERAGING
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson 7 : BRAND EQUITY
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:BRAND BUILDING
Lesson 11: BRAND BUILDING ON THE INTERNET
Faculty Name: Vishal Desai
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Reporting
unit : INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Creative writing sectin 2
unit 4: Drama
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject:Creative writing
unit : creativity inPresentation
Faculty Name: Subhangi Ma'am
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Identifying barriers
Communication is about overcoming barriers.
State all the barriers
that you can think of
that impact on your
day-to-day
communication.
3. Common barriers to communication:
Apparent ‘cause’ Practical Example
Physiological Message in an internal report not received due to blindness.
Psychological Message from external stakeholder ignored due to ‘groupthink’
Cultural Message from organisation misinterpreted by members of a
particular group
Political Message from internal stakeholder not sent because individual
is marginalised
Economic Message not available to a public sector organisation due to
lack of resources
Technological Message not delivered due to technical failure
Physical Message cannot be heard and visual aids cannot be seen by
some members of the audience
Table 2.1 Common barriers to communication: probing for ‘causes’
4. Today’s Topics
1. Physiological barriers;
2. Social barriers;
3. Cultural barriers;
4. Ethical barriers;
5. Overcoming the barriers.
5. Physiological Barriers
Physiological barriers to communication are those that
result from the performance characteristics and
limitations of the human body and the human mind.
9. Optical illusion (2)
Port 1010 building in the Docklands region of Melbourne, Australia.
1010 LaTrobe Street, Docklands, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3008
11. Human Memory
The sensory memory acts
as a kind of temporary
collection-point for incoming
stimuli of all kinds; this limit
is often identified as 6–7
separate pieces of
information.
Consider the three out of
ten best slogans of all time
according to Inc. magazine:
12. Social, cultural and ethical barriers
Social barriers to communication include the social
psychological phenomenon of conformity; a process in
which the norms, values and behaviours of an individual
begin to follow those of the wider group.
Cultural barriers to communication, which often arise
where individuals in one social group have developed
different norms, values, or behaviours to individuals
associated with another group.
Ethical barriers to communication; these occur when
individuals working in an organisation find it difficult to
voice dissent, even though their organisation is acting
in ways they consider to be unethical.
13. Excessive conformity e.g. ‘groupthink’
‘Groupthink’ is a
term introduced
by a North
American
psychologist,
Janis (1982), to
explain an
extreme type of
social conformity
occurring within
close-knit groups.
14. The symptoms of ‘groupthink’ (p.38)
2. Collective rationalisation
of the problem, which
discounts negative feedback
and neutralises problematic
information
15. September 11, 2001
The registration
number of the
American Airlines
Flight 11 aircraft
was N334AA
The World Trade Center's
Twin Towers
16. Cultural barriers
Cultures shape the way we think and behave.
They can be seen as both shaping and being
shaped by our established patterns of
communication.
Nations, occupations, organisations, teams
and other social groupings, all share a
tendency to develop distinctive cultures.
17. The iceberg metaphor for culture
Figure 2.5 The iceberg metaphor for culture
Source: http://www.indoindians.com/lifestyle/culture.htm
18. Culture and environment
Robert Laws, a Scottish missionary working in Malawi, Africa, in the late 1800s:
“The influence of culture and environment can have an effect on our visual
perception. What you see will largely depend on where you live in the world.”
Where are they?
What is above the
woman's head?
19. Annual hours worked
per capita and per worker,
2002.
Source: OECD Annual Hours
and Productivity databases
Korea 2410
Czech Republic 1980
Mexico 1888
Australia 1824
New Zealand 1816
United States 1815
Spain 1807
Japan 1798
Ireland 1668
Italy 1619
Sweden 1581
Denmark 1499
France 1459
Germany 1444
Norway 1342
20. Barriers to ethical behaviour
Three communication-related barriers to ethical
behaviour in business organisations are:
‘moral silence’, failing to speak up about issues
that are known to be wrong;
‘moral deafness’, failure to hear or attend to
moral concerns raised by others;
‘moral blindness’, failure to recognise the moral
implications of actions.
(Bird 2002)
21. Ethical choice (1)
Your company has been a major employer in
the local community for years, but shifts in the
global marketplace have forced some changes
in the company. In fact, the company plans to
reduce staffing by as much as 50% over the
next 3 to 5 years. The size and timing of future
layoffs have not been decided, but a small
layoff will certainly start next month. You are in
charge of writing a letter on this issue. Your first
draft is as follows:
“this first layoff is part of a continuing series of
staff reductions anticipated over the next
several years.”
22. Ethical choice (2)
Your first draft is as follows:
“this first layoff is part of a continuing series of
staff reductions anticipated over the next
several years.”
Your boss is concerned about the negative
tone of the language and suggests the
following sentence:
“this layoff is a part of the company’s ongoing
efforts to continually align its resources with
global market conditions.”
Do you think this suggested wording is ethical?
23. Ethical choice (3)
“This first layoff is part of a continuing series of staff
reductions anticipated over the next several years.” (Too
Negative)
“This layoff is a part of the company’s ongoing efforts to
continually align its resources with global market
conditions.” (Unethical)
The company should be as specific as possible without
causing itself unnecessary damage.
“Unless business conditions change, we anticipate further
reductions in the future, but we are currently unable to
identify the timing or extent of such reductions.”
To be discussed further next week
24. Case Studies
Group Work: Each group should consist of 4-6 students
Case Study 2.3,
pp. 45-47,
#1 and #2.
Case Study 1: IBM
25. Overcoming Bias in Language
Example Unacceptable Preferable
Gender bias Salesman Salesperson;
Sales representative
Manpower Workforce; Workers
Man-made Artificial; Manufactured
Ethnic bias Jim Wong is an
unusually tall Asian
Jim Wong is very tall
Disability
bias
Crippled workers
face many barriers
on the job
Workers with physical
disabilities face many
barriers on the job
26. Overcoming the barriers
Taking the receiver more seriously
Thinking more clearly about the
message
Delivering messages skilfully
Focusing on the receiver
Using multiple channels and
encoding
Securing appropriate feedback
27. Summary
Communication failures are endemic, often
resulting in significant costs and harm to the
organisation and its stakeholders.
It is important to understand the underlying
causes of communication failures, which may
involve a range of factors: physiological,
psychological, cultural, political, economic,
technological and physical.
28. Summary (continued)
Communicators need a basic understanding of
physiological processes including differences
in alertness, selective attention, powers of
perception and memory, and their potential
impact on communication.
It is also important to consider social and
cultural barriers, including a tendency towards
excessive conformity in social groups
(‘groupthink’), moral silence and the complex
issues arising from cultural diversity.
29. Summary (continued)
In more general terms, barriers can be overcome
by taking the receiver more seriously, and by
thinking more clearly about the content, format and
delivery of messages, including the use of multiple
channels and forms of encoding.