Attock Cement Pvt. Ltd Internship report.
VISION:
To be the leading organization continuously providing high quality cement, excelling in every aspect of its business and to remain market leader in cement industry.
This document provides a summary of the Indian mining industry and recommendations to promote its growth. It analyzes production, demand, and reserves for various minerals in India, finding that while India has significant mineral resources, production has declined in recent years. The mining sector contributes significantly to India's GDP but faces issues with policy uncertainty, delays in approvals, and infrastructure bottlenecks. The report makes recommendations to address these problems through a stable regulatory framework, streamlined approval process, and investments in exploration and infrastructure to realize the sector's potential.
National mineral development corporationPranjal Sao
The document provides details about the Bailadila Iron Ore Mines located in Kirandul, India. It discusses the geology of the area and describes the various machinery used in the mining process including electric shovels, drilling machines, graders, dozers, loaders, dumpers, and water tanks. It outlines the steps of exploration, drilling, charging, blasting, loading, crushing, screening, and loading for transportation of the extracted iron ore.
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
See more
http://goo.gl/grSq9U
http://goo.gl/AIjkcu
http://goo.gl/H7QGBA
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Ammonium Salts, Business guidance for Mineral Production, Business guidance to clients, Business of Mining, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan small scale mining project, Business start-up, Chemistry and physics of Asbestos, Chemistry of nitrogen and its inorganic compounds, Coal and Ore Fines, Coal Beneficiation, Extractive Metallurgy, Fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, Growing a mineral processing business, How to start a Mineral manufacturing business, How to Start a Mineral processing industry?, How to Start a Mineral Production Business, How to start a mining business, How to start a successful Mineral processing business, How to start mineral grinding industry in India, How to Start Mineral Processing Industry in India, Introduction to Mineral Processing, Limes manufacturing, Limestone exploration and extraction, Limestone Processing, Manufacture of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Manufacture of ordinary superphosphate, Metals and Minerals Production in India, Metals, Minerals & Mining Industry, Mineral Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Mineral industry, Mineral mining business plan, Mineral processing, Mineral Processing & mining Based Profitable Projects, Mineral processing book, Mineral processing Business, Mineral Processing Industry in India, Mineral processing metallurgy, Mineral processing plants, Mineral Processing Projects, Mineral processing Small Business, Mineral processing technology, Mineral Production, Mineral production for mining sector, Minerals and Mineral Processing, Minerals Engineering, Mining & mineral processing industry, Mining and Mineral Processing, Mining processing, Mining Sector Investment and Business, Mining, Mineral Processing & Metals Industry, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Mineral Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Mineral processing industry, Non – Ferrous Metals Production, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ore Dressing, Processing of Iron Ore Slimes, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Mineral processing, Setting up and opening your Mineral processing Business, Setting up of Mineral Processing Units, Small Business ideas in the Mining Industry
This document discusses blasting rock through the use of explosives. It provides an overview of blast design and the types of explosives commonly used, including dynamite, slurries, and ANFO. It explains concepts like burden, stemming, and delay devices. The goal of the document is to provide guidance on designing blast hole layouts and calculating explosive amounts for effective blasting of rock.
Drilling is the process of making holes into hard surfaces like rock. In surface mining, drilling is used for blast hole drilling, core drilling for exploration, and technical drilling. Rotary blast hole drilling involves rotating drill pipes to which a bit is attached to break up rock. The main assemblies of a rotary drill rig include the mast, rod changer, rotary head, pull down mechanism, air compressor, drill pipes, hydraulic system, and dust control components.
A. The document discusses the cement industry, providing an introduction and overview of its history, products, factors affecting it, constraints, leading companies, and more.
B. It describes cement as an inorganic material with adhesive properties used to bind materials together, and discusses the two main types of cement: hydraulic and non-hydraulic.
C. India has a large and important cement industry, ranking as the second largest cement producer globally behind China, providing many jobs and contributing significantly to the country's GDP.
The document discusses a project report on the performance analysis of dense media cyclones at the Jamadoba Coal Preparation Plant in Jharia, India. Raw coal with 30-37% ash is washed to produce clean coal with 18-21% ash using dense media cyclones. The report aims to optimize dense media cyclone performance through new digital techniques and ensuring proper media size distribution. It acknowledges contributions from Tata Steel and plant personnel and provides background on the plant, coal quality, process flowsheet and description.
This document discusses techniques for controlled blasting to improve environmental and safety standards. It describes methods like line drilling, trim blasting, pre-splitting, and muffle blasting that are used to control adverse impacts from blasting such as overbreak, ground vibrations, noise, and rock fractures. These techniques involve parameters like drill hole spacing, charge weight, and accurate delay timing to help fragment rock while minimizing damage to surrounding areas.
This document provides a summary of the Indian mining industry and recommendations to promote its growth. It analyzes production, demand, and reserves for various minerals in India, finding that while India has significant mineral resources, production has declined in recent years. The mining sector contributes significantly to India's GDP but faces issues with policy uncertainty, delays in approvals, and infrastructure bottlenecks. The report makes recommendations to address these problems through a stable regulatory framework, streamlined approval process, and investments in exploration and infrastructure to realize the sector's potential.
National mineral development corporationPranjal Sao
The document provides details about the Bailadila Iron Ore Mines located in Kirandul, India. It discusses the geology of the area and describes the various machinery used in the mining process including electric shovels, drilling machines, graders, dozers, loaders, dumpers, and water tanks. It outlines the steps of exploration, drilling, charging, blasting, loading, crushing, screening, and loading for transportation of the extracted iron ore.
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
See more
http://goo.gl/grSq9U
http://goo.gl/AIjkcu
http://goo.gl/H7QGBA
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Ammonium Salts, Business guidance for Mineral Production, Business guidance to clients, Business of Mining, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business Plan small scale mining project, Business start-up, Chemistry and physics of Asbestos, Chemistry of nitrogen and its inorganic compounds, Coal and Ore Fines, Coal Beneficiation, Extractive Metallurgy, Fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, Growing a mineral processing business, How to start a Mineral manufacturing business, How to Start a Mineral processing industry?, How to Start a Mineral Production Business, How to start a mining business, How to start a successful Mineral processing business, How to start mineral grinding industry in India, How to Start Mineral Processing Industry in India, Introduction to Mineral Processing, Limes manufacturing, Limestone exploration and extraction, Limestone Processing, Manufacture of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Manufacture of ordinary superphosphate, Metals and Minerals Production in India, Metals, Minerals & Mining Industry, Mineral Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Mineral industry, Mineral mining business plan, Mineral processing, Mineral Processing & mining Based Profitable Projects, Mineral processing book, Mineral processing Business, Mineral Processing Industry in India, Mineral processing metallurgy, Mineral processing plants, Mineral Processing Projects, Mineral processing Small Business, Mineral processing technology, Mineral Production, Mineral production for mining sector, Minerals and Mineral Processing, Minerals Engineering, Mining & mineral processing industry, Mining and Mineral Processing, Mining processing, Mining Sector Investment and Business, Mining, Mineral Processing & Metals Industry, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Mineral Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Mineral processing industry, Non – Ferrous Metals Production, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ore Dressing, Processing of Iron Ore Slimes, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Mineral processing, Setting up and opening your Mineral processing Business, Setting up of Mineral Processing Units, Small Business ideas in the Mining Industry
This document discusses blasting rock through the use of explosives. It provides an overview of blast design and the types of explosives commonly used, including dynamite, slurries, and ANFO. It explains concepts like burden, stemming, and delay devices. The goal of the document is to provide guidance on designing blast hole layouts and calculating explosive amounts for effective blasting of rock.
Drilling is the process of making holes into hard surfaces like rock. In surface mining, drilling is used for blast hole drilling, core drilling for exploration, and technical drilling. Rotary blast hole drilling involves rotating drill pipes to which a bit is attached to break up rock. The main assemblies of a rotary drill rig include the mast, rod changer, rotary head, pull down mechanism, air compressor, drill pipes, hydraulic system, and dust control components.
A. The document discusses the cement industry, providing an introduction and overview of its history, products, factors affecting it, constraints, leading companies, and more.
B. It describes cement as an inorganic material with adhesive properties used to bind materials together, and discusses the two main types of cement: hydraulic and non-hydraulic.
C. India has a large and important cement industry, ranking as the second largest cement producer globally behind China, providing many jobs and contributing significantly to the country's GDP.
The document discusses a project report on the performance analysis of dense media cyclones at the Jamadoba Coal Preparation Plant in Jharia, India. Raw coal with 30-37% ash is washed to produce clean coal with 18-21% ash using dense media cyclones. The report aims to optimize dense media cyclone performance through new digital techniques and ensuring proper media size distribution. It acknowledges contributions from Tata Steel and plant personnel and provides background on the plant, coal quality, process flowsheet and description.
This document discusses techniques for controlled blasting to improve environmental and safety standards. It describes methods like line drilling, trim blasting, pre-splitting, and muffle blasting that are used to control adverse impacts from blasting such as overbreak, ground vibrations, noise, and rock fractures. These techniques involve parameters like drill hole spacing, charge weight, and accurate delay timing to help fragment rock while minimizing damage to surrounding areas.
Open pit mining involves digging a large hole or pit at the earth's surface to extract ore deposits near the surface. Overburden or waste rock is removed to expose the ore body, which is then extracted using large excavating equipment like shovels and haul trucks. Ore is transported from the pit either by truck or conveyor belt to a processing facility. Open pit mining provides high productivity and low costs but requires significant capital investment and can have large environmental impacts due to the large scale of surface disturbance. It is best suited to deposits that are relatively shallow and large in area.
Modsim is a versatile simulator for mineral processing plants. It uses quantitative models to simulate how individual unit operations will transform and partition feed as they are arranged in a flowsheet. The user defines the plant feed and flowsheet, and Modsim calculates the material flows and properties throughout the plant. It can be used to design plants, identify bottlenecks, optimize performance, and assist in operating existing plants. Modsim is affordable, user-friendly, and effective for process design, optimization, and understanding complex plant interactions.
Optimization of Load Per Trip of a Rear Discharge Dumperaaoleeloo
Rohit Pandey completed a summer internship project at Tata Steel's West Bokaro Division to optimize the load capacity per trip of rear discharge dumpers at the quarry. The document provides background on West Bokaro Division, including its location in Hazaribagh district, geology of the area, and coal washing processes. It then outlines the scope, timeline and objectives of Rohit's optimization project, which aimed to increase mine revenues and productivity while reducing costs and tire damage.
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
Somaliland has significant unexplored mineral potential. The mining sector is still small, with only artisanal mining currently occurring. The country possesses deposits of gold, platinum, iron, copper, tin, gemstones, and other industrial minerals. However, large areas remain unexplored due to a lack of geological surveys. Somaliland desires to develop its mining industry but faces challenges in attracting investment and building institutional capacity for resource management and data collection.
IDM 30 I
RECP 311
The document summarizes a productivity improvement program between Coal India Limited (CIL) and Orica to improve mining efficiency at selected coal mines. Key aspects of the program included:
1) Benchmarking current practices around drilling, blasting, and mucking operations to establish baseline productivity and costs.
2) Conducting demonstration blasts using advanced blasting technologies from Orica to improve fragmentation and productivity.
3) Comparing costs and productivity from benchmarking to demonstration phases to quantify improvements. At one mine, drilling costs decreased 22% and total mining costs decreased 31% from improved techniques.
4) Providing training to mine personnel on advanced
presentation about Mining costs and prices of minerals
Cairo University faculty of Engineering Mining Department 2015
WE TALK about :
Costs of mining
Prices of minerals
Risk analysis
Submitted for :
Prof. Dr .Mohamed El Wageh
By:
Ahmed Mohamed Wassel
Mohamed Abdel Nabi Essa
Mahmoud Mustafa Khallaf
The cement industry in India has grown substantially over the past decade and has become the second largest producer globally. Cement demand is driven primarily by the construction sector, particularly housing and infrastructure development. While cement production has increased significantly, capacity utilization remains low due to issues like poor coal quality, power outages, and inadequate transportation infrastructure. The government plans major infrastructure spending which will further drive cement demand. The industry is dominated by a few large players and global cement companies are entering the Indian market. The future outlook for the cement industry in India remains positive due to expected growth in construction activity, though companies will face challenges around rising input costs and increasing competition.
This document discusses legislation and duties related to blasting in mines in India. It provides an overview of key Indian laws that govern mining such as the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957. It describes the definition of a blaster and their duties according to the Mines Rules, 1961, which include being present for charging and firing shots. The document also summarizes regulations around the safe storage, transport, and use of explosives, including the requirements for drilling, charging, stemming and firing shot holes.
Its a presentation about the design aspect of open cast mine. The author believes it will surely help the mining engineering students at the beginning level.
This document provides a history and overview of cement production. It discusses the origins of cement dating back to ancient civilizations using lime as a binding agent. Modern cement originated in the 18th-19th centuries as individuals experimented with combinations of limestone and other materials. The first commercial cement plant opened in England in 1848. Cement production began in Turkey in 1912 with two initial plants. The document then focuses on Göltaş Göller Bölgesi Çimento Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi, the first private cement factory in Turkey, which opened in 1969 and details its production facilities, products, and manufacturing process.
This document provides an overview of mining plans and mine closure plans for coal and lignite mining operations in India. It discusses that mining plans are a legal requirement for obtaining environmental clearance and mining leases, and must be followed for all mining operations. They are prepared by qualified agencies according to government guidelines. Mine closure plans must also be included as part of mining plans. The submission, processing, and approval of mining and closure plans is described.
This summarizes a 60-day industrial training report submitted by Vaibhav Chaudhary at JK Lakshmi Cement Ltd in Sirohi, India. The report describes the cement manufacturing process in three stages: (1) limestone mining and crushing, (2) raw material handling and grinding, and (3) packing and dispatch. It provides details of the machinery used at each stage of mining, processing, and packing cement. The trainee expresses gratitude to the company staff for their support during the training period.
Concrete and cement production has major environmental impacts as it is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting industries. This study assesses the life cycle of Portland cement manufacturing to minimize its environmental impact. It analyzes the inputs, outputs, and processes involved in cement production and identifies opportunities to reduce resource use, emissions, and waste. The goal is to provide conclusions that can help the Sri Lankan cement industry tackle environmental challenges and improve energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Sustainable Development in the Mining Industry - presentation at QCFI BhilaiPRABHASH GOKARN
Mining is the primary method of extraction of minerals needed by man.
The main constraint to sustainability in mining stems from the increasing pollution generated by the extraction process and the large consumption of resources (mostly energy and water) needed in refining of the minerals.
Mining operations are associated with a range of environmental and social impacts, as well as the non-renewable nature of many mined resources. Thus the sustainability of this industry and the efficient use of its resources for development remain crucial.
There is a growing realization globally of the importance of strong and effective legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and practices for the mining sector that deliver economic and social benefits.
It is possible for mining to contribute to sustainable development through:
• Enhancing the benefits while mitigating the negative impacts both when mining is taking place and subsequently as well (by scientific mine closure)
• Improving stakeholder participation in the management of the resources including local and indigenous communities
• Addressing the environmental, economic, health and social impacts and benefits of mining throughout their life cycle, including workers' health and safety.
There must be a balance between contrasting claims of sustainability for the future versus current economic benefit from mining. We must :
• Stay within the capacity of ecosystems to absorb change.
• Provide an adequate standard of living for those in the area of influence.
• Create wealth for development of society & provide for the development of advanced technology.
• Develop systems of governance which promote and sustain these goals.
1. The document discusses the Indian cement industry, including its history, major players, production capacity, issues, and future outlook.
2. Currently, India has a cement production capacity of around 167 million tonnes and is the second largest producer globally after China.
3. The industry is dominated by around 20 companies that control 70% of production, with the top players being ACC, Ambuja Cements, Ultratech, and Grasim.
The document discusses the cement industry in India. It notes that India is the second largest cement producer globally, with over 360 million tonnes of annual production capacity as of 2014. Cement demand is driven primarily by the housing and infrastructure sectors. While cement consumption per capita remains low compared to global averages, continued economic growth is expected to drive further expansion of cement production capacity in India to meet rising demand. The industry employs over a million people directly and indirectly and contributes significantly to India's economy and development.
Northern Coalfields Limited Training report on Heavy Earth Moving And Mining ...Saurabh Tripathi
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Saurabh Tripathi about his internship at the Base Work Shop of Northern Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited. It provides an overview of Coal India Limited and Northern Coalfields Limited, including their organizational structures and areas of operation. It then describes different types of coal mining methods with a focus on common activities in open-pit mining. The bulk of the report classifies and describes different types of heavy earth moving machinery used in open-pit coal mining, including dozers, loaders, excavators, dumpers, scrapers, graders, rollers, and drills. It concludes with details on some important components of heavy earth moving machinery
Coal Mining Technlogy Brief_Low Coal Seam_HOT MiningSerena Fu
The document discusses Beijing HOT Mining TechCo.,Ltd's expertise in developing technologies for low-seam underground coal mining in Southwest China. It describes the reserve of low-seam coal resources in the region, the disaster risks, and HOT Mining's technical solutions. These include integrated mining technologies for steeply inclined seams, low seams, and thick seams. The technologies improve mining efficiency and safety. HOT Mining also provides mine design, equipment, and after-sales support services tailored for difficult mining conditions.
This document provides information about the Balrampur 10 & 12 Incline mine located in Bishrampur, India. It discusses the geological conditions of the mine site, methods of mining used including longwall and shortwall techniques, mine infrastructure such as ventilation and support systems, and transportation methods. The mine extracts coal using both longwall and shortwall mining and has extracted over 50 million tons of coal since operations began in the 1990s.
Open pit mining involves digging a large hole or pit at the earth's surface to extract ore deposits near the surface. Overburden or waste rock is removed to expose the ore body, which is then extracted using large excavating equipment like shovels and haul trucks. Ore is transported from the pit either by truck or conveyor belt to a processing facility. Open pit mining provides high productivity and low costs but requires significant capital investment and can have large environmental impacts due to the large scale of surface disturbance. It is best suited to deposits that are relatively shallow and large in area.
Modsim is a versatile simulator for mineral processing plants. It uses quantitative models to simulate how individual unit operations will transform and partition feed as they are arranged in a flowsheet. The user defines the plant feed and flowsheet, and Modsim calculates the material flows and properties throughout the plant. It can be used to design plants, identify bottlenecks, optimize performance, and assist in operating existing plants. Modsim is affordable, user-friendly, and effective for process design, optimization, and understanding complex plant interactions.
Optimization of Load Per Trip of a Rear Discharge Dumperaaoleeloo
Rohit Pandey completed a summer internship project at Tata Steel's West Bokaro Division to optimize the load capacity per trip of rear discharge dumpers at the quarry. The document provides background on West Bokaro Division, including its location in Hazaribagh district, geology of the area, and coal washing processes. It then outlines the scope, timeline and objectives of Rohit's optimization project, which aimed to increase mine revenues and productivity while reducing costs and tire damage.
Rock Mass Classification and also a brief description of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Structure Rating (RSR), Q valves and New Austrian Tunneling method(NATM)
Somaliland has significant unexplored mineral potential. The mining sector is still small, with only artisanal mining currently occurring. The country possesses deposits of gold, platinum, iron, copper, tin, gemstones, and other industrial minerals. However, large areas remain unexplored due to a lack of geological surveys. Somaliland desires to develop its mining industry but faces challenges in attracting investment and building institutional capacity for resource management and data collection.
IDM 30 I
RECP 311
The document summarizes a productivity improvement program between Coal India Limited (CIL) and Orica to improve mining efficiency at selected coal mines. Key aspects of the program included:
1) Benchmarking current practices around drilling, blasting, and mucking operations to establish baseline productivity and costs.
2) Conducting demonstration blasts using advanced blasting technologies from Orica to improve fragmentation and productivity.
3) Comparing costs and productivity from benchmarking to demonstration phases to quantify improvements. At one mine, drilling costs decreased 22% and total mining costs decreased 31% from improved techniques.
4) Providing training to mine personnel on advanced
presentation about Mining costs and prices of minerals
Cairo University faculty of Engineering Mining Department 2015
WE TALK about :
Costs of mining
Prices of minerals
Risk analysis
Submitted for :
Prof. Dr .Mohamed El Wageh
By:
Ahmed Mohamed Wassel
Mohamed Abdel Nabi Essa
Mahmoud Mustafa Khallaf
The cement industry in India has grown substantially over the past decade and has become the second largest producer globally. Cement demand is driven primarily by the construction sector, particularly housing and infrastructure development. While cement production has increased significantly, capacity utilization remains low due to issues like poor coal quality, power outages, and inadequate transportation infrastructure. The government plans major infrastructure spending which will further drive cement demand. The industry is dominated by a few large players and global cement companies are entering the Indian market. The future outlook for the cement industry in India remains positive due to expected growth in construction activity, though companies will face challenges around rising input costs and increasing competition.
This document discusses legislation and duties related to blasting in mines in India. It provides an overview of key Indian laws that govern mining such as the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957. It describes the definition of a blaster and their duties according to the Mines Rules, 1961, which include being present for charging and firing shots. The document also summarizes regulations around the safe storage, transport, and use of explosives, including the requirements for drilling, charging, stemming and firing shot holes.
Its a presentation about the design aspect of open cast mine. The author believes it will surely help the mining engineering students at the beginning level.
This document provides a history and overview of cement production. It discusses the origins of cement dating back to ancient civilizations using lime as a binding agent. Modern cement originated in the 18th-19th centuries as individuals experimented with combinations of limestone and other materials. The first commercial cement plant opened in England in 1848. Cement production began in Turkey in 1912 with two initial plants. The document then focuses on Göltaş Göller Bölgesi Çimento Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi, the first private cement factory in Turkey, which opened in 1969 and details its production facilities, products, and manufacturing process.
This document provides an overview of mining plans and mine closure plans for coal and lignite mining operations in India. It discusses that mining plans are a legal requirement for obtaining environmental clearance and mining leases, and must be followed for all mining operations. They are prepared by qualified agencies according to government guidelines. Mine closure plans must also be included as part of mining plans. The submission, processing, and approval of mining and closure plans is described.
This summarizes a 60-day industrial training report submitted by Vaibhav Chaudhary at JK Lakshmi Cement Ltd in Sirohi, India. The report describes the cement manufacturing process in three stages: (1) limestone mining and crushing, (2) raw material handling and grinding, and (3) packing and dispatch. It provides details of the machinery used at each stage of mining, processing, and packing cement. The trainee expresses gratitude to the company staff for their support during the training period.
Concrete and cement production has major environmental impacts as it is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting industries. This study assesses the life cycle of Portland cement manufacturing to minimize its environmental impact. It analyzes the inputs, outputs, and processes involved in cement production and identifies opportunities to reduce resource use, emissions, and waste. The goal is to provide conclusions that can help the Sri Lankan cement industry tackle environmental challenges and improve energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Sustainable Development in the Mining Industry - presentation at QCFI BhilaiPRABHASH GOKARN
Mining is the primary method of extraction of minerals needed by man.
The main constraint to sustainability in mining stems from the increasing pollution generated by the extraction process and the large consumption of resources (mostly energy and water) needed in refining of the minerals.
Mining operations are associated with a range of environmental and social impacts, as well as the non-renewable nature of many mined resources. Thus the sustainability of this industry and the efficient use of its resources for development remain crucial.
There is a growing realization globally of the importance of strong and effective legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and practices for the mining sector that deliver economic and social benefits.
It is possible for mining to contribute to sustainable development through:
• Enhancing the benefits while mitigating the negative impacts both when mining is taking place and subsequently as well (by scientific mine closure)
• Improving stakeholder participation in the management of the resources including local and indigenous communities
• Addressing the environmental, economic, health and social impacts and benefits of mining throughout their life cycle, including workers' health and safety.
There must be a balance between contrasting claims of sustainability for the future versus current economic benefit from mining. We must :
• Stay within the capacity of ecosystems to absorb change.
• Provide an adequate standard of living for those in the area of influence.
• Create wealth for development of society & provide for the development of advanced technology.
• Develop systems of governance which promote and sustain these goals.
1. The document discusses the Indian cement industry, including its history, major players, production capacity, issues, and future outlook.
2. Currently, India has a cement production capacity of around 167 million tonnes and is the second largest producer globally after China.
3. The industry is dominated by around 20 companies that control 70% of production, with the top players being ACC, Ambuja Cements, Ultratech, and Grasim.
The document discusses the cement industry in India. It notes that India is the second largest cement producer globally, with over 360 million tonnes of annual production capacity as of 2014. Cement demand is driven primarily by the housing and infrastructure sectors. While cement consumption per capita remains low compared to global averages, continued economic growth is expected to drive further expansion of cement production capacity in India to meet rising demand. The industry employs over a million people directly and indirectly and contributes significantly to India's economy and development.
Northern Coalfields Limited Training report on Heavy Earth Moving And Mining ...Saurabh Tripathi
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Saurabh Tripathi about his internship at the Base Work Shop of Northern Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited. It provides an overview of Coal India Limited and Northern Coalfields Limited, including their organizational structures and areas of operation. It then describes different types of coal mining methods with a focus on common activities in open-pit mining. The bulk of the report classifies and describes different types of heavy earth moving machinery used in open-pit coal mining, including dozers, loaders, excavators, dumpers, scrapers, graders, rollers, and drills. It concludes with details on some important components of heavy earth moving machinery
Coal Mining Technlogy Brief_Low Coal Seam_HOT MiningSerena Fu
The document discusses Beijing HOT Mining TechCo.,Ltd's expertise in developing technologies for low-seam underground coal mining in Southwest China. It describes the reserve of low-seam coal resources in the region, the disaster risks, and HOT Mining's technical solutions. These include integrated mining technologies for steeply inclined seams, low seams, and thick seams. The technologies improve mining efficiency and safety. HOT Mining also provides mine design, equipment, and after-sales support services tailored for difficult mining conditions.
This document provides information about the Balrampur 10 & 12 Incline mine located in Bishrampur, India. It discusses the geological conditions of the mine site, methods of mining used including longwall and shortwall techniques, mine infrastructure such as ventilation and support systems, and transportation methods. The mine extracts coal using both longwall and shortwall mining and has extracted over 50 million tons of coal since operations began in the 1990s.
The team visited several coal mines in China over 13 days to study longwall mining systems, equipment, operations, safety practices and infrastructure that could be applied in India. The key learnings included observing longwall panel layouts of 150-260m face lengths and 1000m panel lengths, mechanized equipment like shearers and shield supports, and emphasis on training miners in safe operating practices. China's large scale underground longwall mining operations provide examples that could help optimize India's introduction of longwall mining.
1) The document discusses technologies for decreasing losses when mining stratified deposits like oil shale deposits in Estonia. Selective mining, crushing, and separation techniques have been tested that show potential for reducing mining losses.
2) Rock crushing and screening simulations were used to optimize rock fractions. Additional technologies analyzed for reducing losses include mine backfilling, fine separation of oil shale, and optimized drilling and blasting.
3) The tested methods all show potential for reducing losses depending on how the mined material is used. Questions around maintaining stable material flows and how quality fluctuations impact final yields still need to be addressed.
This document discusses technologies for decreasing losses from mining oil shale in Estonia. It analyzes selective mining methods like surface miners, longwall miners, and shortwall miners that can extract the oil shale more precisely and reduce losses compared to traditional ripping. Selective crushing methods like impact crushers and axial crusher buckets are also explored to optimize rock fractions. Additional technologies investigated include mine backfilling to reduce surface waste, fine material separation through jigging or cycloning, and optimized rock crushing and screening simulations. The analyses found that selective extraction with surface miners and longwall or shortwall miners has the potential to significantly reduce mining losses from 12% to below 5%. Overall, the tested technologies could help increase the amount of extracted
The document provides an overview of the Indian coal sector and discusses challenges with extracting steep and thick coal seams. Some key points:
- India relies heavily on coal, which supports 55% of primary commercial energy needs. Coal production is projected to increase significantly to meet rising demand.
- Underground mining of steeply inclined seams greater than 25 degrees poses challenges. Extraction methods need to be developed for thick seams up to 50 meters.
- In northeast India, NEC mines steep seams ranging from 250 to 750 degrees in inclination that are 15-50 meters thick. Soft strata and gassy conditions require new mining methods.
- Research is focusing on hard roof management techniques and mining methods for steep and
IRJET- Analysis of strength Characteristic of Concrete using Vernacular MaterialIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the strength characteristics of concrete using vernacular materials like fly ash and potassium hydroxide as replacements for Portland cement. The study compares the compressive and tensile strengths of normal geopolymer concrete made using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to a concrete made using potassium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Test results showed the average compressive strength of the sodium hydroxide concrete was 50.5% higher while the average tensile strength was 34.85% higher compared to the potassium hydroxide concrete. The document concludes that sodium hydroxide produces a more economical and suitable concrete than potassium hydroxide.
This document provides an overview of the vocational training that Sudhanshu Shekhar completed at OCL India Ltd from February 2nd to 6th, 2016. It discusses the cement manufacturing process used at OCL's plant in detail over 15 pages, covering all steps from raw material extraction and preparation to clinker production, cement grinding, packing, and distribution. The training gave Sudhanshu insight into the technology and instruments used across OCL's production lines to manufacture different varieties of cement.
The document provides information about the Putkee Balihari coal mining project operated by Bharat Coking Coal Limited in Dhanbad, India. It discusses the project's history and production targets. The mine uses the bord and pillar mining method and employs a side discharge loader and winder system for coal extraction and transport. Key details provided include the mine's layout, equipment used, production levels, and financial performance in recent years.
The document discusses a study on the design of a hammer mill conducted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It includes an abstract, acknowledgements, bonafide certificate, declaration, contents, and introduction sections. The study aims to improve the crushing efficiency and lifetime of hammer mill hammers through redesigning the hammer head. Test results show the new design increased crushing efficiency from 81-84% to 88-91% and extended hammer lifetime from 10 to 12 months.
It's a case Study for High wall Mining thats done in SCCL.
Also you can find awesome videos related to Mining activities in my YOUTUBE CHANNEL i.e. Knowledge Stuff. Please SUBSCRIBE my channel. My youtube link is given below:-
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKgkj6M1M-AWlonTzn_51Gw
Also there are some videos you may like:-
HIGHWALL Mining in INDIA :-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqlmBm81aIw
Drilling and Blasting Videos at Bauxite OCP - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNwSZq5T3bg
Biggest Dragline Excavator in INDIA -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLg6ZPtfzHs
A typical day at an OPEN cast mine :-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYeqqX7BaTw
I hope you like it and share it.
Tata steel west bokaro washery #3 reportSuchit Sharma
The document is a training report submitted by students at the Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad after completing a summer training at the West Bokaro Coal Beneficiation Plant, Washery #3 located in West Bokaro Division, Tata Steel. It provides an overview of the coal beneficiation process, including comminution using equipment like roll crushers and impact crushers, de-sliming using banana screens, coarse and fine coal beneficiation circuits, the full flow sheet, and safety measures at the plant.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Dr. Andrew Cox's Coal Lectures Series. The series covers topics related to coal formation, properties, use as a fuel, mining technologies, markets, pollution control, and more. Dr. Cox and his colleagues at EIMR are available to provide lectures and teaching on these topics to universities and professional development courses both in the UK and internationally. Interested parties should contact Dr. Cox for more information. An introductory presentation on coal mining technologies is also included as an example of the type of material covered.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Dr. Andrew Cox's Coal Lectures Series. The series covers topics related to coal formation, properties, use as a fuel, mining technologies, markets, pollution control, and more. Dr. Cox and colleagues at EIMR can provide lectures on these topics to university courses and professional development programs in the UK and internationally. Interested parties should contact Dr. Cox for more information. An introductory presentation on coal mining technologies is also included as an example of the type of material covered.
This document provides information about an industrial training completed at Dankuni Coal Complex in West Bengal, India. It includes:
1) An overview of the various plants and processes at Dankuni Coal Complex, including the coal handling, crushing, coke handling, producer gas, retort house, gas cleaning, and tar distillation plants.
2) Details about the power distribution system that supplies electricity to motors throughout the complex.
3) A description of the material handling plant and its various components used to transport coal and coke, including belt conveyors, vibrating feeders, and mobile trippers.
This document provides information about an industrial training completed at Dankuni Coal Complex in West Bengal, India. It includes:
1) An overview of the various plants and processes at Dankuni Coal Complex, including the coal handling, crushing, coke handling, producer gas, retort house, gas cleaning, and tar distillation plants.
2) Details about the power distribution system that supplies electricity to motors throughout the complex from the main substation.
3) Descriptions of the key components and processes in the coal handling plant, such as the wagon tippler, conveyor belts, and screening/crushing equipment.
The document provides details about BCCL Block II coal mine located in Jharkhand, India. It discusses the mine's history, location, reserves, area, future plans, coal seams, equipment used, and effects of fire and subsidence. The presentation also describes CIMFR's research related to mine fire simulation, flameproof electrical equipment, a coal dust collection and briquetting system, and other environmental projects.
1) The document discusses the role of civil engineers in exploration and production of hydrocarbons at ONGC sites in Tripura, India.
2) It describes civil works like earthworks, foundations, approach roads, hardening areas, sheds, tanks, and pipelines required for exploration rigs and production facilities both offshore and onshore.
3) Specific projects discussed include the ROAZ and RODI sites in Agartala, Tripura where civil works estimated at Rs. 1.89 crore and Rs. 3.20 crore were carried out such as earthworks, concrete works, road works, sheds, tubewells, and reservoirs.
Underground mines are being converted to opencast mines due to underground mines being uneconomical and unsafe. Opencast mines allow for safer and more efficient coal extraction. The conversion process involves isolating underground workings, conducting surveys of the underground area, dividing the mine into safety zones, compacting underground galleries through controlled blasting, and extracting coal from the stabilized area using opencast mining methods. Precise surveying and controlled blasting techniques are required to stabilize underground workings and prevent collapses during conversion to opencast mining.
Conversion of Underground Mine to Open Cast MineAbdul Mujeeb
This document discusses the conversion of underground coal mines to opencast mines. Underground mining is becoming uneconomical, so coal reserves trapped in underground mine pillars need to be extracted through opencast mining. The key steps in conversion involve isolating underground workings, conducting surveys of workings, dividing the mine area into safety zones, compacting galleries through drilling and blasting, and extracting coal while preventing collapse of underground structures. Attention to surveying, drilling patterns, charging, blasting procedures, and marking excavated areas is important to ensure safety during conversion. The Gouthamkhani opencast project is provided as a case study, with details on its reserves, production, geology, machinery, and mine plan.
Under the new mineral policy, the federal and provincial governments have agreed to provide for appropriate institutional arrangements, a modern regulatory framework and a programme to expand geological database.
Detection Methods:
There are five types of detection methods which are as:
Catalytic oxidation detectors
Electrochemical detectors
Optical detectors
Electrical conductivity (semiconductors) detectors
Chemical adsorbents detectors.
The document outlines the code of conduct for mining engineers in the Republic of the Philippines. It declares that mining engineering is a privilege granted by the state that requires high knowledge, efficiency, and responsibility. It establishes rules requiring mining engineers to practice with morality, dignity and honor; recognize constituted authorities; and protect, conserve, develop and utilize natural resources for present and future generations. The code also requires engineers to support the constitution, obey all laws, exercise their profession faithfully, contribute their expertise to national projects, and ensure natural resources are wisely conserved and developed for the benefit of current and future generations.
This document discusses five types of cash flows: single, uniform, linear gradient, geometric gradient, and mixed series. It provides the key characteristics and equations for calculating each type. Single cash flows involve a single present and future amount. Uniform or equal series involve equal cash flows at regular intervals. Linear gradient series have cash flows that increase or decrease by a fixed amount each period. Geometric gradient series have cash flows that increase or decrease at a fixed rate each period. Mixed series do not have a regular pattern and can include elements of the other types over different periods. The document provides example applications and equations for each cash flow type.
The document discusses several topics related to mineral processing:
1. Magnetic susceptibility measures how strongly a material is magnetized in response to an applied magnetic field, and depends on the material. Paramagnetic materials have a small positive susceptibility, diamagnetic have a negative susceptibility, and ferromagnetic depends on field strength.
2. The Wemco Fragergren Cell is a commonly used mineral processing machine that separates minerals using flotation. It consists of multiple sections each with a rotor to disperse reagents.
3. Minerals are classified as polar or non-polar based on their surface bonding properties, with polar minerals having stronger covalent bonding and reacting more with water. They are grouped from weakly
My first day at Balochistan University of Information, Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (Buitems) in Quetta, Pakistan was an important and unforgettable event. I got up early, feeling excited but nervous, and took a rickshaw to campus with my elder brother. After my brother left, I asked a senior student for directions to my classroom. In class, I saw students had already arrived and felt strange at first. After class ended, I visited the library, laboratories, and halls on campus before returning home with a sense of pride in choosing this university.
This document contains two models:
1) The circular flow model which shows the flows of goods/services and money between households and firms. Households supply factors of production (labor, land, capital) to firms and purchase goods/services, while firms use factors to produce goods/services and pay households.
2) The production possibilities frontier model which shows the tradeoffs in producing two goods (cars and computers) with limited resources. It represents the maximum attainable combinations of outputs, with efficient points on the frontier and inefficient points inside it. Shifting resources between industries changes the opportunity cost of one good in terms of the other.
The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 was passed in response to a mine explosion that killed 78 miners. The Act strengthened safety and health standards in coal mines, required annual inspections of underground mines, gave miners the right to request inspections, and provided benefits to miners disabled by black lung disease. It established a federal program administered by HEW and the Department of Labor to provide monthly cash benefits to miners disabled by black lung disease and their dependents. Claims filed before 1973 would be covered by HEW, while later claims would come under state workers' compensation programs approved by the Department of Labor. The Act aimed to improve coal mine safety and support miners suffering from pneumoconiosis, also known as black lung disease
The document discusses safety procedures for surface and underground mining operations. It states that mine owners must notify the chief inspector at least 60 days before starting surface mining within 50 yards of public areas. For underground excavation within 50 feet of public structures, the mine owner needs permission from the chief inspector. If subsidence or deterioration occurs, the owner must withdraw workers and securely fence the working area. The chief inspector determines whether a mine is feasible and safe to operate, and can require abandonment; owners must be notified before starting work.
This document outlines 8 schedules related to the registration and record keeping of employees working in mines. Schedule A details a register of all employees. Schedule B is a register of persons working underground. Schedules C through H provide forms and registers for certificates of employment, notices of work commencement and end times, minor accident records, overtime records, annual leave records, and records of casual leave, sick leave and holidays.
Calculate the Following Parameters:
(i) Volume of the Ore (Vo) =?
(ii) Mine Volume (VM) =?
(iii) Volume of the Waste (Vw) =?
(iv) Stripping Ratio Overall (SR) =?
Find the minimum required operating room for parallel cuts.
The required values are given below;
Bench height=40 ft.
The minimum clearance b/w the outer truck tire & safety berm=5 ft.
Bench face angle=70◦
Truck capacity=85 tons
Truck Width=16 ft.
Tire rolling radius=4 ft.
Working bench=102 ft.
Cut width=60 ft.
Swell factor=0.90
Holes Diameter=12 (1/4) inches
This document summarizes the key features and working principles of jaw crushers. It explains that jaw crushers consist of an eccentric shaft, axis bearing housing, balance pulley, toggle plate, and other parts. The movable jaw crushes materials through a periodic motion that squeezes materials between the fixed and movable jaws until the material breaks down after multiple cycles. A double-toggle jaw crusher achieves crushing through rotating an eccentric shaft that raises and lowers a pitman to open and close the swing jaws, exerting high pressure until crushed materials fall through. Jaw crushers are well-suited for crushing both soft and extremely hard materials and come in a range of sizes.
Q.NO#01: The plan of an old survey plotted to a scale of 10 m to 1 cm was found to have shrunk so that a line originally 10 cm long was found to measure 9.8 cm.
There was also a note on the plan that the 30 m chain used in the survey was 0.03 m too short.If the area of the plan measured now with a planimeter is 96.04 cm2 .Determine the true area of the survey?
The document discusses fault geometry. Faults occur when rock layers break due to tectonic stresses, forming discontinuities where one side has moved relative to the other. The orientation and shape of these breaks in the Earth's crust are described as the fault geometry, including attributes such as the strike, or trend, and dip angle of the fault plane.
Overview of Ground Control Research for Underground Coal Mines.
Just the sample of research paper.In the stage of learning and how to do research and write!!
Focus and Epicenter:
The focus of an earthquake is the point where the rocks start to fracture. It is the origin of the earthquake.
The epicenter is the point on land directly above the focus.
Communications:
The word “communication” is derived from the Latin word “communes” which means “commonness” or “sharing”.
Thus it means a firm feeling of commonness or sharing between the sender and receiver.
We define communication in many ways. i.e.
“It is the exchange and imparting of information to gain understanding and promote action”.
Q.No# An aluminum bar having a cross-sectional area of 0.5 in2 carries the axial loads applied at the positions shown in Fig. Compute the total change in length of the bar if E = 10 × 106 psi. Assume the bar is suitably braced to prevent lateral buckling.
Ghulam Mehdi is applying for a position as a lecturer at Buitems University in Quetta, Pakistan where he received his BS in Mining Engineering. He has the necessary qualifications for the role including excellent communication and writing skills. While studying at Buitems University, Ghulam Mehdi gained some teaching experience. He believes he is well-suited for the position and can make a significant contribution to the University. Ghulam Mehdi has enclosed his CV for additional information and requests an interview to provide more details about himself.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
1. Internship Report
Title: Internship Report of Quarry Operation in ACPL, Hub
Submitted To:
ISO & Training Center
Buitems, Quetta
Submitted By:
Ghulam Mehdi CMS ID: 23101
(mehdishaheen005@gmail.com)
Syed Ali Muhammad Shah CMS ID: 21465
Azam Azeem CMS ID: 20996
Affiliation: Department of Mining
Program: BS Mining Engineering (6th Semester)
University: Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management
Sciences, Quetta (Buitems)
Address: Takatu Campus, Airport Road, Baleli, Quetta
Date: 04-04-2015
2. Contents
Introduction
Location
Geology of ACPL Area
Sections
(i) Limestone Quarry
(ii) Shale/Overburden Quarry
Mining Method (Drilling, Blasting & Ripping)
Usage of Explosives
Equipment Used
Production & Capacity
Conclusion
3. Introduction
ACPL is a member of Pharon Group of Companies Operating in Pakistan. It’s started production
in 1986. The project is Pak Saudi venture. ACPL’s Manufacturing plant is located in Tehsil Hub,
District Lasbella, Balochistan, at a distance of about 45km north west of Karachi. It covers total
area of about 17500acres. The Plant area is about 75 acres. It was the first plant in the country
to be based on the latest suspension, pre-heater/pre-calcination. The Total Capacity of plant is
around 5700 tpd to 6000 tpd and 1,710,000 MT of clinker per annum. The cement
manufactured and being marketed under the “Falcon” brand name is of the highest standard
and truly the market leader. There are two types of cement mostly prepared in ACPL “Ordinary
Port Land Cement” & “Sulphate Resistant Cement”. The Export Zones of ACPL’s cement are
Srilanka, UAE , India , Southafrica etc and also sold in local country market .
Location
It is located in Sakaran, Tehsil Hub, District Lasbella, Province Balochistan, Pakistan. It is situated
at 35 km far from Karachi.
Geology of ACPL Area
The geology of ACPL consists of merely two Geologic structures
Folded zone
Faulted zone
Folds are wavy undulations of rock beds. It is formed due to the compressional, tensional and
tectonic forces acting regionally while faults are the fractures along which the blocks of rocks
have been displaced relative to each other. The limestone quarry is majorly faulted zone. These
faulted zones are composed of deposition of limestone layers. They are developed due to
sedimentation. Sedimentation is the process in which the accumulation of sediments occurred.
There are three main factors involved. These are;
Temperature
Pressure
Time
The limestone quarry section has composed of faulted and folded region. While shale/
overburden quarry section has composed of physical weathering and the fragmentation of
shale is transported by wind and water. As a result conglomerates are formed in overburden
quarry. The layers are formed by graded bedding. In graded Bedding the coarser particles tend
to settle down more quickly in comparison to finer ones. The rate of graded bedding may also
depend upon the density of particles. The particles with greater density settle down more
quickly while the less dense particles remain in suspension in longer period of time.
Sections
In ACPL Hub plant there are two main sections of quarry. These are;
Limestone Quarry
Overburden Quarry
Limestone Quarry
There are two leases for limestone quarry.
a) Lease area (ML3) = 2802.94 acre
b) Lease area (ML4) = 1861.07 acre
4. TOTAL AREA = 4664.01 ACRE
There are four areas in which ACPL quarry is divided. Areas A, B, & C a number of benches are
developed which is under use & Area D called Chiroli Platform is under construction.
A = Consumed all Benches
B = 04 Benches
C = 11 Benches
Total Number of Benches = 15
A-area has total reserve of 2.6M/ton which are completely consumed, so Nowadays from A-
area has no production and it has at altitude of 210m from sea level. The B-area has reserve of
28.26M/ton and 1 M/ton is consumed. It is under process and it has at altitude of 410m from
sea level and C-area has reserve of 48.2M/ton and is producing the limestone in these days. The
Chiroli has reserve of 45M/ton and has altitude of 509m and it is future program. The limestone
content of ACPL Quarry is 92%-96%.In the C-area there are 15 benches out of which 3 benches
has consumed. The height of bench is 15m. The maximum height of C-area is approx: 370m
above sea level.
Overburden Quarry
There are two leases for Overburden quarry.
Lease 1 (ML2) = 11410.02 Acre
Lease 2 = 13325.01 Acre
Total = 16 Million Tons
Consumed = 12 Million Tons
Remaining = 04 Million Tons
Mining Method (Drilling, Blasting & Ripping)
There are two mining methods applying in ACPL limestone quarry and overburden quarry.
Quarrying Method
Ripping Method
Quarrying Method
Quarrying method is used in limestone quarry operation. Almost all equipment is used in this
method. Drilling and blasting is the way to mine the rock. In blasting explosive materials are
used, these material are charged in holes through drilling.
In ACPL two types of explosives are used
High Explosives like Gelatin Type and Nitro Glycerin,
Low Explosives like Ammonium Nitrate + Diesel Oil, and other accessories are used like
Detonator, Detonating Card and Safety Fuse.
Quarrying of limestone is accomplished by using explosives to blast the rocks. In blasting
techniques, we make holes through drilling. The hole height is approx. 15m-16m & the
diameter of hole is 105mm. The hole contains three portions, Bottom, Column & the stemming
portion. In Bottom portion, we use 14% -17% high explosives and height of bottom portion is
2m. The height of column portion is 13m and we use 84% - 87% Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil
(ANFO) & in stemming portion we used drill hole cuttings for stemming. If we make more than
one holes for blast, the vertical distance between holes is called burden & horizontal distance
between holes is called spacing & the distance between holes of spacing & burden will be
3.5*4m.
5. After blasting, if the rocks are still in huge size then we use secondary blast or using via
hydraulic breaker for further size reduce.
Usage of Explosive
The most important characteristics of an explosive are:
Velocity of detonation (VOD)
Strength
Detonation stability
Sensitiveness (Propagation ability)
Density
Water resistance
Sensitivity
Safety in handling
Environmental properties
Resistance to freezing
Oxygen balance
All these properties are considered closely in ACPL Quarry Operation, Hub.
The explosives used in ACPL Quarry Operation can be classified in to:
High Explosives
Low explosives
Blasting Agents
High explosives:
High Explosives have the susceptibility of initiating to Number 8 detonator and reacts
supersonically. In ACPL Quarry operation these high explosives are used;
Dynamite, Detonator and Milli-second detonator have 25 MS- delay, detonating cord/waboh
cord.
Low Explosives:
Low explosives have the capability of deflagration and reacts sub-sonically. These low
explosives are used in Hub Plant;
Safety Fuse
Blasting Agents:
Blasting Agents are mixtures consisting of a fuel and oxidizer. Blasting agents have to be
initiated by a primer. ANFO is used in this operation.
Equipment Used
Following equipment is used in ACPL Hub plant by department of mining in Quarry operations;
Crawler Drill Machine
Air compressor (6-21 Bars Air Pressure)
Dumper
Bulldozer D-8K
Wheal Loader excavator
Tractor
Jack Hammer
Hydraulic Drill Machine
Pneumatic Drill Machine
6. Down the Hole (DTH)
Production & Capacity
The Total Production of the Company is around 5700 metric tons which is achieved through two
Production Lines. Some of the specifications regarding the two lines are given below:
Line - I
Production: 2400 metric tons
Origin: Romania
Crusher Type: Hammer Mill with a capacity of 600 tons/h
Grinding Mill: Tube mill with a capacity of 170 tons/h
Cooler type: motor driven grate cooler with capacity of 2000 tons per day.
Line - II
Production: 3300 metric tons
Origin: China
Crusher Type: Hammer Mill with a capacity of 800 tons/h
Grinding Mill: Vertical Roller Mill with a capacity of 260 tons/h
Cooler type: Hydraulic Grate cooler with a capacity of 3300 tons/h.
Conclusion
The particular Internship in Quarry Operations Department under the supervision of Senior
Mining Engineers of ACPL helped us to conduct a conceptual practical study towards theoretical
study. We saw different standard machinery according to the need of modern Mining that has
not only saved sufficient time but also labor costs. We learnt about the usage of latest Drilling
technology Including Hydraulic, pneumatic, and Jack hammers.
The Quarry operations lead us towards positive aspects of blasting the horizontal rock shelf
called Benches. ISO and training provided information to standards. Safety precautions and
explosive handling was the main criteria completed.
A brief idea towards the cement plant layout, design, project evaluation was given to us
by TSD (Technical Support and development). They also briefly guided us towards the cement
preparation cycle from quarry to packing.
Drilling, blasting, blast lay out, pattern design, spacing and burden determination,
Primary and Secondary blasting, boulders reduction, base charge, detonating cord
Connecting wires, column charge, stemming and stemming percentage, Aluminum stemming
rods, and other important Mining operations were sophisticatedly seen and understood
through practical means…!!!