This document discusses the importance of information literacy and learning based on various sources in the context of education in Malaysia. It outlines the evolution of teaching and learning practices from teacher-centered approaches to more student-centered and self-directed learning enabled by technology. It provides examples of how various online resources like search engines, educational websites, and virtual libraries can be used to access and evaluate information from different sources to support learning. Effective online searching strategies and tips are also shared.

1. LiterasiMaklumatKearahPembestarianPendidikan : PembelajaranBerdasarkanSumberOleh:BahagianTeknologiPendidikanKementerianPelajaranMalaysiaMei 2010

2. Fasa ekonomi Malaysia secara holistikKnowledge BasedKnowledge & TechnologyDriven2000Hi tech. manufacturing & ServicesProductivity Driven1990sMedium tech. manufacturing & ServicesInvestmentDriven1980sAssembly type manufacturingLabour Driven1960-1970sPrimary commoditiesLabour Driven1957

3. EVOLUSI PROSES PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN (P&P)AMALAN P&P LAMA AMALAN P&P BARUPENGAJARANMembekalkan maklumat

4. Memberi lebih jawapan daripada soalan

5. Bertanya soalan aras rendah

6. Mengguna sumber dalam bentuk teks dan bukan elektronik

7. Membekalkan tugasan yang mencabar dan memerlukan penyiasatan dan analisis

8. Memberi lebih soalan daripada jawapan

9. Bertanya soalan aras tinggi

10. Mengguna sumber yang pelbagai khususnya yang berteknologiMETODOLOGIBerpusatkanmurid

11. Berfokuskanpembelajaran

12. Berpusatkanpemikiran

13. BerorientasikanprosesPENGGUNAAN SUMBER PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN SECARA BERANSUR-ANSURSEKOLAH KINIPEMBESTARIANMuriddibenarmajupadakadar yang berlainanMuriddibenarmajupadakadar yang berlainanKelas maju pada kadar yang samaGuru sebagaisumbermaklumat

14. Bahanpembelajarankemampuansendiriuntukpengayaandanpemulihandalambentuk media bercetakdanperalatan multimedia

15. Bahanpembelajarankemampuansendirididapatididalampelbagaibentuk

16. Perisian multimedia untuksemuasubjek

17. Aksestanpagangguanpadaperisian multimedia danjaringan Internet

18. Guru membimbingpembelajaran

19. Muridmulapembelajaranterarahkendiri

20. Multimedia digunakanuntukmenampungkeperluanindividu3 TUNJANG PEMBESTARIAN Kebolehanmendapatkanmaklumatdaripelbagaisumberuntuktujuantertentusepertibuku, jurnal, TV, bertanya, berbincangatau InternetAksesKendiriMuridtidaktertaklukkepadakelajuanataukebolehanpelajar lain tetapidibenarkanuntukmajukepadakemahiranatautajukbaruapabilaiatelahmenguasaisesuatumatapelajaranKadar KendiriMuriddibenarkanmenerokatajuk yang diminatitanpaterkongkongdengankurikulum yang rigid. Muridbolehmelakukandenganbantuanteknologisepertimelaluikemudahan multimedia CD ROM, TV, radio, Internet dan lain-lainTerarahKendiri

21. CARA PEMBELAJARAN PEMBESTARIANDengan Courseware interaktifmenggunakan CD ROM ataumelalui intranet sekolah

22. Dengan Networking melalui e-mail kepadapakarataupihaktertentu

23. Denganmendapatkanbahandi internet

24. Denganberkongsimaklumatdenganrakan lain melaluiperbincangan

25. Denganmembuat“field trip”ataulawatanketempat yang mempunyaisumbermaklumat yang diperlukan

26. MemperolehimaklumatdaribahankonvensionalsepertibukudanperpustakaantradisionalPusat AksesMakmal PengkomputeranAgensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPP, BS, JPNTeras 2, 4Latihan GuruAgensi Pelaksana Utama : BSPelaksana : BPP, BS, BTMK,BTP, PPK, JPN,Teras 2, 4Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BPGPelaksana : BPG, BSM, IPG, JNSTeras: 2, 3, 5, 6 Sekolah Rintis BestariTV Pendidikan / eduWebTVAgensi Pelaksana: BTPPelaksana : Semua BahagianTeras: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BS, JPNTeras 1, 2, 4Perisian KursusAgensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPG, BS, IPG, JNS, JPNTeras: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 SchoolNetAgensi Pelaksana Utama : BTMKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTPTeras 2, 4MBMMBI(Makmal BM /BI)AgensiPelaksanaUtama : PPKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTP, BBT , JNS Teras 2, 4PEMBESTARIAN SEKOLAH MENGAMBIL KIRA INISIATIF ICT KPM

27. ICT MerentasiLiterasiMaklumatdalam era digital

28. LiterasiMaklumatLiterasiMaklumatadalahsuatukemahiranyang digunakanbilamaklumattertentudiperlukan, kebolehanmencaridanmemperolehimaklumatdalamapajua format danmenggunakanmaklumattersebutsecaraaktifsepertikata Anthony Robins dalambukunyaThe Unlimited Power, “Information is power, action is obsolute power”.

29. …Information LiteracyThe ability to access, evaluate and use information from a variety of sources.Christina A.Doyle(1992)

30. KEPENTINGANNYA* Muridharustahucara yang teraturdantepatbagimendapatkanmaklumat yang sesuaikeranamaklumatmemainkanperananpentingdalamkehidupan

31. …KEPENTINGANNYA * Melibatkanmuridsecaraterusdengansumberpembelajaransupayapembelajaranmenjadilebihaktifdanmemberangsangkan* Melatihmurid, belajarberdikarisecaraberansur-ansuruntukmemudahkanmerekamenghayatikonseppendidikanseumurhidup

32. … KEPENTINGANNYA * Melatihmuriduntukmenanganiilmu yang pelbagaidanmenjadikansumbersebagaipuncapembelajaran

33. PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN SUMBER Tell me and I will forgetShow me and I rememberInvolve me and I will understand

34. UNDERLINING PRINCIPLES All students have the ability to learn and progress, which can be enhanced by using appropriate learning technologiesLearning is a consequence of thinking, and good thinking is learnable by all studentsLearning should include deep understanding, which involves the flexible, active use of knowledge

35. A NATION PREPARED“People …… will not come to the workplace knowing all they have to know, but knowing how to figure out what they need to know, where to get it, and how to make meaning out of it.”Thompson, Helen M and Henley, Susan A (2000)

36. INTERNET SEARCH

37. The Internet is a vast source of information It connects millions of computers around the world Computers belonging to all sorts of people and organizations. All these computers hold information, some of which is free for everyone to access and use.

38. Malaysia is Sophisticated Online16.8m internet users (60%)

39. 2/3 of internet users now also use social media

40. Largest group of users aged 15-19 (17.9%)

41. Over 33% of users have a Friendster account

42. 28% of home users access blogs

43. More than a quarter of all internet users live in Selangor (26.1%)

44. One of countries with most bloggers per person in the worldInformation comes from a wide variety of sources such as:

45. How Malaysia Uses Online2/3 of internet users now also use social mediaGet information (94.4%)Text communications (84.7%)Education (64.5%)Leisure (63.5%)Financial activities (31.8%)Public services (29.2%)E-government transactions (19.8%)Online stock trading (5.9%)Social network visitors (August 2009)Facebook: 6.2 millionFriendster: 4.2 millionMySpace: 2.1 millionFlickr: 1.5 millionTwitter: 750,000Sources: Alexa and Google Ad Planner, 2009

46. What Is Online Communications?Web sitesFormal means for communicating with your audiences, content is important, needs to be “portable” for social mediaSearch Primary means for people to find information on the web“Social Media”Facebook, Friendster, Twitter, YouTube, Digg, Blinklist, FriendX, Wikipedia, Message BoardsWhat is Social Media?Encompasses online personal publishing – blogs, social networks, comments on news websites, forums, chat rooms, Wikipedia, podcastsAs with the media, it puts government statements on the record23

47. The Old LectureGovernment SpokespersonPublic RalliesMinister SpeechesInternational Media(Wall Street Journal, Economist)Domestic media(Bernama, NST, Malaysia Insider)Public

48. The New ConversationGovernmentCommunicationForeign EntitiesPeople can go anywhere to get information

49. Format doesn’t matter anymore

50. People share information with each other – sources are shifting

51. People choose that which fits their interest and world viewBloggersReligious GroupsActivistsNewspapersBusinessPolitical PartiesNGOsPublic

52. How can I find information on the Internet? There are two main types of Internet search tools:Search Engines Specialist Search Tools – Meta Search Engines

53. SEARCH ENGINESSearch engines work by sending out special Web-harvesting software to Web sites around the World to automatically create a huge index that lets you search millions (if not billions) of Web pages. Most of the famous search engines are run by commercial companies in the USA.

54. Search EnginesWhat are some widely used search engines?

55. SEARCH ENGINES Pros Search engines are useful if you want to find a very precise piece of informationWill find something on every subject imaginable Cons Can give you too many results – time consuming to sort through Can return lots or irrelevant or inappropriate information

58. META SEARCH ENGINESPerhaps the best-known search engine is: GoogleMetacrawlerGooglescholar

61. How Do Searches Work?Content – the words on the pageTags, page titles, search listingWhat other sites the site links toWhat links point to the siteWeb site trafficContent Portability

62. ONLINE SEARCHINGFinding information on the web can be a difficult tasks. This can only be due to the sheer size of the WWW, which currently contained an estimated 3 billions documents. Secondly, the WWW is not indexed in any standard vocabulary (unlike a library catalogue)

63. Using Search Engines and Meta Search Engines.For this tutorial, the search engines used are Googlescholar, Alta Vista and MetaCrawler.A search engine is a software that finds things on the WWW. A Meta Search Engines is a powerful search engines that search the Internet’s top search engines simultaneously.

64. Recommended search engineshttp://www.googlescholar.com/http://www.altavista.com/http://www.metacrawler.com/

65. What is Google Scholar?Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. Google Scholar helps you identify the most relevant research across the world of scholarly research.MetaCrawler? AltaVista?MetaCrawler: Search engine that retrieve results in relevency ranked order; useful power search available with a template of search options. AltaVista : searches web sites and Usenet newsgroups with advanced Boolean and field search options.

70. Tips for effective searching:If you know the site that you want to go, type the address and enter! Don’t waste your precious time.

71. When using the keyword to search, be as specific as you can. The search engines do not understand grammar.

72. Be careful about phrases. Typing, say, virtual reality modelling language will return all pages that contain all four words, but not necessarily together. To search for the phrase, put it in quotes: “virtual reality modelling language”Tips for effective searching: …cont.Use “not” to exclude extraneous materials. In AltaVista for example, commerce not electronic excludes searching the words electronic from pages, which contain the two words. Keep trying. If the first try is to much or too little, adjust the search and try again. Doing is the only way to learn.

73. Search Strategies:Online searches rely on the use of Boolean operators – AND, OR, NOT, often in conjunction with parentheses. How does Boolean operators work during searching: Examples are : AND – “Children” AND “Television”OR – “Women” OR “Females”NOT – “Mechanical Engineering” NOT “School of …”

74. Subject DirectoriesSubject gateways to online libraries containing links and pages on a variety of topics or disciplines.Recommended sites are:The Librarian’s Index to the Internet - http://www.lii.orgAcademic Info – .http://www.academicinfo.net

77. Educational OrganizationsServices provided by Educational Organizations and State Educational bodies.Recommended sites are:Statisticshttp://www.statistics.gov.myResearchhttp://www.esekolah.info/Teaching Materialshttp://apps.emoe.gov.myhttp://jpnperlis/muatturun.htm

82. Selected Home Pages –The Knowledge PortalThese home pages provide the perfect gateway to lots of interesting sites and information directories.http://www.tutor.com.myhttp://www.cikgu.nethttp://www.jaim.edu.myhttp://www.zoom-a.com/http://www.eduwebtv.com/index7.phpBengkel Pusat Sumber Sekolah Peringkat Negeri Johor, 28 April 2009, Sri Malaysia Hotel , JB.

88. Waktu operasi HelpdeskEduWebTV Home PageButangkoleksisaluranButang Laman UtamaRuang CarianRuangan AhliPengumuman

89. TaqwimVideo PilihanBerita Terkini

90. Selected Home Pages –The Teacher’CommunityThese home pages provide the perfect gateway to lots of interesting sites and information directories.http://www.cikguzul.com/http://www.cikgu.nethttp://cikgunooratsemi.blogspot.com/http://www.teacher.tube.com/

93. Latest concept in library servicesVirtual libraryVirtual Reference

94. Virtual librariesA collection of materials from a variety of separate libraries that are organized in virtual space using computers and computer network OrA system by which users access information that resides solely in electronic format on computer networks, without respect to physical location on the information

103. Electronic Reference (Virtual Reference) Reference services provided onlineThrough electronic means – e-mail, chat, instant messaging, etc.Web-based reference services (commercial/Free)

104. Electronic Reference (Virtual Reference) Use of Internet as reference servicesSome example are:http://www.ask.comhttp://www.abuzz.comhttp://www.askme.com

105. VIRTUAL REFERENCE

106. VIRTUAL REFERENCE …cont.

107. Electronic Reference SourcesDictionarieshttp://www.merriam-webster.com/http://www.e-kamus-malaysia.com/Encyclopediashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://www.britannica.com/Bartleby Referencehttp://www.bartleby.com/reference/

111. Electronic JournalsSome local E-journals that are relevant:http://lib.upm.edu.my/onlinejour.htmlhttp://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~library/oaj_bi.htm?Id=3352

115. Bengkel Pusat Sumber Sekolah Peringkat Negeri Johor, 28 April 2009, Sri Malaysia Hotel , JB.

116. Electronic MagazinesMagazines and Newspapers available on the Internet provided by publishers on the Internet :http://mylib.pnm.my/e-resources/e-magazine/e-magazine.htmhttp://dir.yahoo.com/News_and_Media/Newspapers/By_Region/Countries/Malaysia/?skw=malaysia+newspaper

119. Online DatabasesDatabases that are being subscribed and provided by the library. As the services are based on fees, the library provide user Id and a password. Using the password and user ID, library patrons can have access to the services at any internet location.

120. Online Databases …cont.The databases provide online journals on specialized subject areas. Please take note that users are required to enter the correct ID and password to activate the searches. The ID and password can be obtained from your librarian.