This document describes a system created by researchers to analyze sentiment in tweets about 2012 US presidential candidates in real-time. The system collects tweets through the Twitter API, preprocesses them by tokenizing text, matches tweets to candidates, analyzes sentiment using a model trained on Twitter language, aggregates sentiment results by candidate, and visualizes the analysis through interactive dashboards. It provides up-to-the-minute insight into how public opinion responds to political events as expressed on Twitter.
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participat...Han Woo PARK
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participation and Deliberation in the South Korean Context by Using Social Network and Triple Helix Indicators. Scientometrics. 90 (1), 121-140.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0508-5#page-1
Twitter Based Sentiment Analysis of Each Presidential Candidate Using Long Sh...CSCJournals
In the era of technology and internet, people use online social media services like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Reddit, etc. to express their emotions. The idea behind this paper is to understand people’s emotion on Twitter and their opinion towards Presidential Election 2020. We collected 1.2 million tweets in total with keyword like “RealDonaldTrump”, “JoeBiden”, “Election2020” and other election related keywords using Twitter API and then processed them with natural language processing toolkit. A Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model has been trained and we have achieved 93.45% accuracy on our test dataset. We then used our trained model to perform sentiment analysis on the rest of our dataset. With the sentiment analysis results and comparison with 2016 Presidential Election, we have made predictions on who could win the US Presidential Election in 2020 with pre-election twitter data. We have also analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on people’s sentiment about the election.
In the age of social media communication, it is easy to
modulate the minds of users and also instigate violent
actions being taken by them in some cases. There is a need
to have a system that can analyze the threat level of tweets
from influential users and rank their Twitter handles so
that dangerous tweets can be avoided going public on
Twitter before fact-checking which can hurt the sentiments
of people and can take the shape of violence. The study
aims to analyse and rank twitter users according to their
influential power and extremism of their tweets to help
prevent major protests and violent events. We scraped top
trending topics and fetched tweets using those hashtags.
We propose a custom ranking algorithm which considers
source based and content based features along with a
knowledge graph which generates the score and rank the
twitter users according to the scores. Our aim with this
study is to identify and rank extremist twitter users with
regards to their impact and influence. We use a technique
that takes into consideration both source based and
content-based features of tweets to generate the ranking of
the extremist twitter users having a high impact factor
IEEE PROJECTS 2016 - 2017
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Project Domain list 2016
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering,
2. IEEE based on mobile computing,
3. IEEE based on networking,
4. IEEE based on Image processing,
5. IEEE based on Multimedia,
6. IEEE based on Network security,
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Project Domain list 2016
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2016
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
5. IOT Projects
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US:-
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 66 ,Ground Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 7708150152
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participat...Han Woo PARK
Kim, M.J., & Park, H. W. (2012). Measuring Twitter-Based Political Participation and Deliberation in the South Korean Context by Using Social Network and Triple Helix Indicators. Scientometrics. 90 (1), 121-140.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11192-011-0508-5#page-1
Twitter Based Sentiment Analysis of Each Presidential Candidate Using Long Sh...CSCJournals
In the era of technology and internet, people use online social media services like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Reddit, etc. to express their emotions. The idea behind this paper is to understand people’s emotion on Twitter and their opinion towards Presidential Election 2020. We collected 1.2 million tweets in total with keyword like “RealDonaldTrump”, “JoeBiden”, “Election2020” and other election related keywords using Twitter API and then processed them with natural language processing toolkit. A Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model has been trained and we have achieved 93.45% accuracy on our test dataset. We then used our trained model to perform sentiment analysis on the rest of our dataset. With the sentiment analysis results and comparison with 2016 Presidential Election, we have made predictions on who could win the US Presidential Election in 2020 with pre-election twitter data. We have also analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on people’s sentiment about the election.
In the age of social media communication, it is easy to
modulate the minds of users and also instigate violent
actions being taken by them in some cases. There is a need
to have a system that can analyze the threat level of tweets
from influential users and rank their Twitter handles so
that dangerous tweets can be avoided going public on
Twitter before fact-checking which can hurt the sentiments
of people and can take the shape of violence. The study
aims to analyse and rank twitter users according to their
influential power and extremism of their tweets to help
prevent major protests and violent events. We scraped top
trending topics and fetched tweets using those hashtags.
We propose a custom ranking algorithm which considers
source based and content based features along with a
knowledge graph which generates the score and rank the
twitter users according to the scores. Our aim with this
study is to identify and rank extremist twitter users with
regards to their impact and influence. We use a technique
that takes into consideration both source based and
content-based features of tweets to generate the ranking of
the extremist twitter users having a high impact factor
IEEE PROJECTS 2016 - 2017
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Project Domain list 2016
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering,
2. IEEE based on mobile computing,
3. IEEE based on networking,
4. IEEE based on Image processing,
5. IEEE based on Multimedia,
6. IEEE based on Network security,
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Project Domain list 2016
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2016
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
5. IOT Projects
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US:-
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 66 ,Ground Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 7708150152
This is a presentation given at the ICWSM 2010 in Washington, DC (www.icwsm.org). You can watch a video of the presentation on videolectures.net
Twitter is a microblogging website where users read and write millions of short messages on a variety of topics every day. This study uses the context of the German federal election to investigate whether Twitter is used as a forum for political deliberation and whether online messages on Twitter validly mirror offline political sentiment. Using LIWC text analysis software, we conducted a content-analysis of over 100,000 messages containing a reference to either a political party or a politician. Our results show that Twitter is indeed used extensively for political deliberation. We find that the mere number of messages mentioning a party reflects the election result. Moreover, joint mentions of two parties are in line with real world political ties and coalitions. An analysis of the tweets’ political sentiment demonstrates close correspondence to the parties' and politicians’ political positions indicating that the content of Twitter messages plausibly reflects the offline political landscape. We discuss the use of microblogging message content as a valid indicator of political sentiment and derive suggestions for further research.
Twitter Based Outcome Predictions of 2019 Indian General Elections Using Deci...Ferdin Joe John Joseph PhD
Presented at the 4th International Conference on Information Technology InCIT 2019 organised by Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology and Council of IT Deans in Thailand (CITT)
Today there is vast amount of information present on the internet. There are a number of news media, blogs, social networks like Facebook, Google Plus etc. and microblogs such as Twitter that provide information to the user who is trying to extract some specific knowledge from the world wide web. Thus the user gets burdened with large amount of data which makes it difficult for the user to find the desired information. In this seminar report, we discuss the various techniques that are used to represent data in a more meaningful manner to counter the problem of Information Overload. We focus primarily on various algorithms used for Storyline Generation which is a technique to capture the underlying temporal and casual dependencies amongst the news events.
Small Worlds With a Difference: New Gatekeepers and the Filtering of Politica...Pascal Juergens
Political discussions on social network platforms represent an increasingly relevant source of political information, an opportunity for the exchange of opinions and a popular source of quotes for media outlets. We analyzed political communication on Twitter during the run-up to the German general election of 2009 by extracting a directed network of user interactions based on the exchange of political information and opinions. In consonance with expectations from previous research, the resulting network exhibits small-world properties, lending itself to fast and efficient information diffusion. We go on to demonstrate that precisely the highly connected nodes, characteristic for small-world networks, are in a position to exert strong, selective influence on the information passed within the network. We use a metric based on entropy to identify these New Gatekeepers and their impact on the information flow. Finally, we perform an analysis of their input and output of political messages. It is shown that both the New Gatekeepers and ordinary users tend to filter political content on Twitter based on their personal preferences. Thus, we show that political communication on Twitter is at the same time highly dependent on a small number of users, critically positioned in the structure of the network, as well as biased by their own political perspectives.
A RELIABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL FOR FALSE NEWS DETECTION MADE BY PUB...caijjournal
The quick access to information on social media networks as well as its exponential rise also made it
difficult to distinguish among fake information or real information. The fast dissemination by way of
sharing has enhanced its falsification exponentially. It is also important for the credibility of social media
networks to avoid the spread of fake information. So it is emerging research challenge to automatically
check for misstatement of information through its source, content, or publisher and prevent the
unauthenticated sources from spreading rumours. This paper demonstrates an artificial intelligence based
approach for the identification of the false statements made by social network entities. Two variants of
Deep neural networks are being applied to evalues datasets and analyse for fake news presence. The
implementation setup produced maximum extent 99% classification accuracy, when dataset is tested for
binary (true or false) labeling with multiple epochs.
PREDICTING ELECTION OUTCOME FROM SOCIAL MEDIA DATAkevig
In this era of technology, enormous Online Social Networking Sites (OSNs) have arisen as a medium of
expressing any opinions, thoughts towards anything even support their status against any social or
political matter at the same time. Nowadays, people connected to those networks are more likely to prefer
to employ themselves utilizing these online platforms to exhibit their standings upon any political
organizations participating in the election throughout the whole election period. The aim of this paper is to
predict the outcome of the election by engaging the tweets posted on Twitter pertaining to the Australian
federal election-2019 held on May 18, 2019. We aggregated two efficacious techniques in order to extract
the information from the tweet data to count a virtual vote for each corresponding political group. The
original results of the election closely match the findings of our investigation, published by the Australian
Electoral Commission.
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOKIJwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24 hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
ANALYSIS OF TOPIC MODELING WITH UNPOOLED AND POOLED TWEETS AND EXPLORATION OF...IJCSEA Journal
In this digital era, social media is an important tool for information dissemination. Twitter is a popular social media platform. Social media analytics helps make informed decisions based on people's needs and opinions. This information, when properly perceived provides valuable insights into different domains, such as public policymaking, marketing, sales, and healthcare. Topic modeling is an unsupervised algorithm to discover a hidden pattern in text documents. In this study, we explore the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model algorithm. We collected tweets with hashtags related to corona virus related discussions. This study compares regular LDA and LDA based on collapsed Gibbs sampling (LDAMallet) algorithms. The experiments use different data processing steps including trigrams, without trigrams, hashtags, and without hashtags. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of LDA for short text messages using un-pooled and pooled tweets. The results suggest that a pooling scheme using hashtags helps improve the topic inference results with a better coherence score.
PREDICTING ELECTION OUTCOME FROM SOCIAL MEDIA DATAkevig
In this era of technology, enormous Online Social Networking Sites (OSNs) have arisen as a medium of expressing any opinions, thoughts towards anything even support their status against any social or political matter at the same time. Nowadays, people connected to those networks are more likely to prefer to employ themselves utilizing these online platforms to exhibit their standings upon any political organizations
participating in the election throughout the whole election period. The aim of this paper is to predict the outcome of the election by engaging the tweets posted on Twitter pertaining to the Australian federal election-2019 held on May 18, 2019. We aggregated two efficacious techniques in order to extract the
information from the tweet data to count a virtual vote for each corresponding political group. The original results of the election closely match the findings of our investigation, published by the Australian Electoral Commission.
This is a presentation given at the ICWSM 2010 in Washington, DC (www.icwsm.org). You can watch a video of the presentation on videolectures.net
Twitter is a microblogging website where users read and write millions of short messages on a variety of topics every day. This study uses the context of the German federal election to investigate whether Twitter is used as a forum for political deliberation and whether online messages on Twitter validly mirror offline political sentiment. Using LIWC text analysis software, we conducted a content-analysis of over 100,000 messages containing a reference to either a political party or a politician. Our results show that Twitter is indeed used extensively for political deliberation. We find that the mere number of messages mentioning a party reflects the election result. Moreover, joint mentions of two parties are in line with real world political ties and coalitions. An analysis of the tweets’ political sentiment demonstrates close correspondence to the parties' and politicians’ political positions indicating that the content of Twitter messages plausibly reflects the offline political landscape. We discuss the use of microblogging message content as a valid indicator of political sentiment and derive suggestions for further research.
Twitter Based Outcome Predictions of 2019 Indian General Elections Using Deci...Ferdin Joe John Joseph PhD
Presented at the 4th International Conference on Information Technology InCIT 2019 organised by Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology and Council of IT Deans in Thailand (CITT)
Today there is vast amount of information present on the internet. There are a number of news media, blogs, social networks like Facebook, Google Plus etc. and microblogs such as Twitter that provide information to the user who is trying to extract some specific knowledge from the world wide web. Thus the user gets burdened with large amount of data which makes it difficult for the user to find the desired information. In this seminar report, we discuss the various techniques that are used to represent data in a more meaningful manner to counter the problem of Information Overload. We focus primarily on various algorithms used for Storyline Generation which is a technique to capture the underlying temporal and casual dependencies amongst the news events.
Small Worlds With a Difference: New Gatekeepers and the Filtering of Politica...Pascal Juergens
Political discussions on social network platforms represent an increasingly relevant source of political information, an opportunity for the exchange of opinions and a popular source of quotes for media outlets. We analyzed political communication on Twitter during the run-up to the German general election of 2009 by extracting a directed network of user interactions based on the exchange of political information and opinions. In consonance with expectations from previous research, the resulting network exhibits small-world properties, lending itself to fast and efficient information diffusion. We go on to demonstrate that precisely the highly connected nodes, characteristic for small-world networks, are in a position to exert strong, selective influence on the information passed within the network. We use a metric based on entropy to identify these New Gatekeepers and their impact on the information flow. Finally, we perform an analysis of their input and output of political messages. It is shown that both the New Gatekeepers and ordinary users tend to filter political content on Twitter based on their personal preferences. Thus, we show that political communication on Twitter is at the same time highly dependent on a small number of users, critically positioned in the structure of the network, as well as biased by their own political perspectives.
A RELIABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL FOR FALSE NEWS DETECTION MADE BY PUB...caijjournal
The quick access to information on social media networks as well as its exponential rise also made it
difficult to distinguish among fake information or real information. The fast dissemination by way of
sharing has enhanced its falsification exponentially. It is also important for the credibility of social media
networks to avoid the spread of fake information. So it is emerging research challenge to automatically
check for misstatement of information through its source, content, or publisher and prevent the
unauthenticated sources from spreading rumours. This paper demonstrates an artificial intelligence based
approach for the identification of the false statements made by social network entities. Two variants of
Deep neural networks are being applied to evalues datasets and analyse for fake news presence. The
implementation setup produced maximum extent 99% classification accuracy, when dataset is tested for
binary (true or false) labeling with multiple epochs.
PREDICTING ELECTION OUTCOME FROM SOCIAL MEDIA DATAkevig
In this era of technology, enormous Online Social Networking Sites (OSNs) have arisen as a medium of
expressing any opinions, thoughts towards anything even support their status against any social or
political matter at the same time. Nowadays, people connected to those networks are more likely to prefer
to employ themselves utilizing these online platforms to exhibit their standings upon any political
organizations participating in the election throughout the whole election period. The aim of this paper is to
predict the outcome of the election by engaging the tweets posted on Twitter pertaining to the Australian
federal election-2019 held on May 18, 2019. We aggregated two efficacious techniques in order to extract
the information from the tweet data to count a virtual vote for each corresponding political group. The
original results of the election closely match the findings of our investigation, published by the Australian
Electoral Commission.
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOKIJwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24 hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
ANALYSIS OF TOPIC MODELING WITH UNPOOLED AND POOLED TWEETS AND EXPLORATION OF...IJCSEA Journal
In this digital era, social media is an important tool for information dissemination. Twitter is a popular social media platform. Social media analytics helps make informed decisions based on people's needs and opinions. This information, when properly perceived provides valuable insights into different domains, such as public policymaking, marketing, sales, and healthcare. Topic modeling is an unsupervised algorithm to discover a hidden pattern in text documents. In this study, we explore the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model algorithm. We collected tweets with hashtags related to corona virus related discussions. This study compares regular LDA and LDA based on collapsed Gibbs sampling (LDAMallet) algorithms. The experiments use different data processing steps including trigrams, without trigrams, hashtags, and without hashtags. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of LDA for short text messages using un-pooled and pooled tweets. The results suggest that a pooling scheme using hashtags helps improve the topic inference results with a better coherence score.
PREDICTING ELECTION OUTCOME FROM SOCIAL MEDIA DATAkevig
In this era of technology, enormous Online Social Networking Sites (OSNs) have arisen as a medium of expressing any opinions, thoughts towards anything even support their status against any social or political matter at the same time. Nowadays, people connected to those networks are more likely to prefer to employ themselves utilizing these online platforms to exhibit their standings upon any political organizations
participating in the election throughout the whole election period. The aim of this paper is to predict the outcome of the election by engaging the tweets posted on Twitter pertaining to the Australian federal election-2019 held on May 18, 2019. We aggregated two efficacious techniques in order to extract the
information from the tweet data to count a virtual vote for each corresponding political group. The original results of the election closely match the findings of our investigation, published by the Australian Electoral Commission.
Using Tweets for Understanding Public Opinion During U.S. Primaries and Predi...Monica Powell
Abstract
Using social media for political analysis, especially during elections, has become popular in the past few years where many researchers and media now use social media to understand the public opinion and current trends. In this paper, we investigate methods for using Twitter to analyze public opinion and to predict U.S. Presidential Primary Election results. We analyzed over 13 million tweets from February 2016 to April 2016 during the primary elections, and we looked at tweets that mentioned either Hillary Clin- ton, Bernie Sanders, Donald Trump or Ted Cruz. First, we use the methods of sentiment analysis, geospatial analysis, net- work analysis, and visualizations tools to examine public opinion on twitter. We then use the twitter data and analysis results to propose a prediction model for predicting primary election results. Our results highlight the feasibility of using social media to look at public opinion and predict election results.
This paper investigates the factors that influence how members of the Brazilian House of Representatives adopt Twitter as part of their political communication strategy. Our intention is to understand the main variables that lead legislators to invest time and resources in microblogging. This quantitative study examined all of the 457 official congressional accounts registered on Twitter. These accounts were monitored weekly between February 2012 and February 2013. After empirically exploring the data, this work reflects on the results thanks in part to an examination of the literature on the intersection of the Internet and politics. The results indicate correlations between the use of Twitter and attributes like age and occupation of leadership positions.
With the rise of social networking epoch, there has been a surge of user generated content. Micro blogging sites have millions of people sharing their thoughts daily because of its characteristic short and simple manner of expression. We propose and investigate a paradigm to mine the sentiment from a popular real-time micro blogging service, Twitter, where users post real time reactions to and opinions about “everything”. In this paper, we expound a hybrid approach using both corpus based and dictionary based methods to determine the semantic orientation of the opinion words in tweets. A case study is presented to illustrate the use and effectiveness of the proposed system.
POLITICAL OPINION ANALYSIS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CASE OF TWITTER AND FACEBOOK dannyijwest
The 21st century has been characterized by an increased attention to social networks. Nowadays, going 24
hours without getting in touch with them in some way has become difficult. Facebook and Twitter, these
social platforms are now part of everyday life. Thus, these social networks have become important sources
to be aware of frequently discussed topics or public opinions on a current issue. A lot of people write
messages about current events, give their opinion on any topic and discuss social issues more and more.
How could a product or service is reasonably evaluated by anyone in the shortest time? A million dollar
question but it is having a simple answer: Sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is consumers review on
products and services which helps both the producers and consumers (stakeholders) to take effective and
efficient decision within a shortest period of time. Producers can have better knowledge of their products
and services through the sentiment analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and
dislikes) which will help them to know their products status (ex. product limitations or market status).
Consumers can have better knowledge of their interested products and services through the sentiment
analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and dislikes) which will help them to know
their deserving products status (ex. product limitations or market status). For more specification of the
sentiment values, fuzzy logic could be introduced. Therefore, sentiment analysis with the help of fuzzy logic
(deals with reasoning and gives closer views to the exact sentiment values) will help the producers or
consumers or any interested person for taking the effective decision according to their product or service
interest.
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
How could a product or service is reasonably evaluated by anyone in the shortest time? A million dollar
question but it is having a simple answer: Sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is consumers review on
products and services which helps both the producers and consumers (stakeholders) to take effective and
efficient decision within a shortest period of time. Producers can have better knowledge of their products
and services through the sentiment analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and
dislikes) which will help them to know their products status (ex. product limitations or market status).
Consumers can have better knowledge of their interested products and services through the sentiment
analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and dislikes) which will help them to know
their deserving products status (ex. product limitations or market status). For more specification of the
sentiment values, fuzzy logic could be introduced. Therefore, sentiment analysis with the help of fuzzy logic
(deals with reasoning and gives closer views to the exact sentiment values) will help the producers or
consumers or any interested person for taking the effective decision according to their product or service
interest.
How could a product or service is reasonably evaluated by anyone in the shortest time? A million dollar
question but it is having a simple answer: Sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is consumers review on
products and services which helps both the producers and consumers (stakeholders) to take effective and
efficient decision within a shortest period of time. Producers can have better knowledge of their products
and services through the sentiment analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and
dislikes) which will help them to know their products status (ex. product limitations or market status).
Consumers can have better knowledge of their interested products and services through the sentiment
analysis (ex. positive and negative comments or consumers likes and dislikes) which will help them to know
their deserving products status (ex. product limitations or market status). For more specification of the
sentiment values, fuzzy logic could be introduced. Therefore, sentiment analysis with the help of fuzzy logic
(deals with reasoning and gives closer views to the exact sentiment values) will help the producers or
consumers or any interested person for taking the effective decision according to their product or service
interest.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis Project Done using R.
In these Project we deal with the tweets database that are avaialble to us by the Twitter. We clean the tweets and break them out into tokens and than analysis each word using Bag of Word concept and than rate each word on the basis of the score wheter it is positive, negative and neutral.
We used Naive Baye's Classifier as our base.
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some “flame” topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
In this contribution, we develop an accurate and effective event detection method to detect events from a
Twitter stream, which uses visual and textual information to improve the performance of the mining
process. The method monitors a Twitter stream to pick up tweets having texts and images and stores them
into a database. This is followed by applying a mining algorithm to detect an event. The procedure starts
with detecting events based on text only by using the feature of the bag-of-words which is calculated using
the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) method. Then it detects the event based on image
only by using visual features including histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) descriptors, grey-level cooccurrence
matrix (GLCM), and color histogram. K nearest neighbours (Knn) classification is used in the
detection. The final decision of the event detection is made based on the reliabilities of text only detection
and image only detection. The experiment result showed that the proposed method achieved high accuracy
of 0.94, comparing with 0.89 with texts only, and 0.86 with images only.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
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Rise to Stardom
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Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 115–120,
Jeju, Republic of Korea, 8-14 July 2012. c 2012 Association for Computational Linguistics
A System for Real-time Twitter Sentiment Analysis of
2012 U.S. Presidential Election Cycle
Hao Wang*, Dogan Can**, Abe Kazemzadeh**,
François Bar* and Shrikanth Narayanan**
Annenberg Innovation Laboratory (AIL)*
Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory (SAIL)**
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
{haowang@, dogancan@, kazemzad@, fbar@, shri@sipi}.usc.edu
Abstract
This paper describes a system for real-time
analysis of public sentiment toward
presidential candidates in the 2012 U.S.
election as expressed on Twitter, a micro-
blogging service. Twitter has become a
central site where people express their
opinions and views on political parties and
candidates. Emerging events or news are
often followed almost instantly by a burst
in Twitter volume, providing a unique
opportunity to gauge the relation between
expressed public sentiment and electoral
events. In addition, sentiment analysis can
help explore how these events affect public
opinion. While traditional content analysis
takes days or weeks to complete, the
system demonstrated here analyzes
sentiment in the entire Twitter traffic about
the election, delivering results instantly and
continuously. It offers the public, the
media, politicians and scholars a new and
timely perspective on the dynamics of the
electoral process and public opinion.
1 Introduction
Social media platforms have become an important
site for political conversations throughout the
world. In the year leading up to the November
2012 presidential election in the United States, we
have developed a tool for real-time analysis of
sentiment expressed through Twitter, a micro-
blogging service, toward the incumbent President,
Barack Obama, and the nine republican
challengers - four of whom remain in the running
as of this writing. With this analysis, we seek to
explore whether Twitter provides insights into the
unfolding of the campaigns and indications of
shifts in public opinion.
Twitter allows users to post tweets, messages of
up to 140 characters, on its social network. Twitter
usage is growing rapidly. The company reports
over 100 million active users worldwide, together
sending over 250 million tweets each day (Twitter,
2012). It was actively used by 13% of on-line
American adults as of May 2011, up from 8% a
year prior (Pew Research Center, 2011). More than
two thirds of U.S. congress members have created
a Twitter account and many are actively using
Twitter to reach their constituents (Lassen &
Brown, 2010; TweetCongress, 2012). Since
October 12, 2012, we have gathered over 36
million tweets about the 2012 U.S. presidential
candidates, a quarter million per day on average.
During one of the key political events, the Dec 15,
2011 primary debate in Iowa, we collected more
than half a million relevant tweets in just a few
hours. This kind of ‘big data’ vastly outpaces the
capacity of traditional content analysis approaches,
calling for novel computational approaches.
Most work to date has focused on post-facto
analysis of tweets, with results coming days or
even months after the collection time. However,
115
2. because tweets are short and easy to send, they
lend themselves to quick and dynamic expression
of instant reactions to current events. We expect
automated real-time sentiment analysis of this
user-generated data can provide fast indications of
changes in opinion, showing for example how an
audience reacts to particular candidate’s statements
during a political debate. The system we present
here, along with the dashboards displaying analysis
results with drill-down ability, is precisely aimed at
generating real-time insights as events unfold.
Beyond the sheer scale of the task and the need
to keep up with a rapid flow of tweets, we had to
address two additional issues. First, the vernacular
used on Twitter differs significantly from common
language and we have trained our sentiment model
on its idiosyncrasies. Second, tweets in general,
and political tweets in particular, tend to be quite
sarcastic, presenting significant challenges for
computer models (González-Ibáñez et al., 2011).
We will present our approaches to these issues in a
separate publication. Here, we focus on presenting
the overall system and the visualization dashboards
we have built. In section 2, we begin with a review
of related work; we then turn in section 3 to a
description of our system’s architecture and its
components (input, preprocessing, sentiment
model, result aggregation, and visualization); in
sections 4 and 5 we evaluate our early experience
with this system and discuss next steps.
2 Related Work
In the last decade, interest in mining sentiment and
opinions in text has grown rapidly, due in part to
the large increase of the availability of documents
and messages expressing personal opinions (Pang
& Lee, 2008). In particular, sentiment in Twitter
data has been used for prediction or measurement
in a variety of domains, such as stock market,
politics and social movements (Bollen et al., 2011;
Choy et al., 2011; Tumasjan et al., 2010; Zeitzoff,
2011). For example, Tumasjan (2010) found tweet
volume about the political parties to be a good
predictor for the outcome of the 2009 German
election, while Choy et al. (2011) failed to predict
with Twitter sentiment the ranking of the four
candidates in Singapore’s 2011 presidential election.
Past studies of political sentiment on social
networks have been either post-hoc and/or carried
out on small and static samples. To address these
issues, we built a unique infrastructure and
sentiment model to analyze in real-time public
sentiment on Twitter toward the 2012 U.S.
presidential candidates. Our effort to gauge
political sentiment is based on bringing together
social science scholarship with advanced
computational methodology: our approach
combines real-time data processing and statistical
sentiment modeling informed by, and contributing
to, an understanding of the cultural and political
practices at work through the use of Twitter.
3 The System
For accuracy and speed, we built our real-time data
processing infrastructure on the IBM’s InfoSphere
Streams platform (IBM, 2012), which enables us to
write our own analysis and visualization modules
and assemble them into a real-time processing
pipeline. Streams applications are highly scalable
so we can adjust our system to handle higher
volume of data by adding more servers and by
distributing processing tasks. Twitter traffic often
balloons during big events (e.g. televised debates
or primary election days) and stays low between
events, making high scalability strongly desirable.
Figure 1 shows our system’s architecture and its
modules. Next, we introduce our data source and
each individual module.
Figure 1. The system architecture for real-time processing Twitter data
Preprocessing
e.g.,Tokenization
Match Tweet
to Candidate
Real-time
Twitter data
Throttle
Sentiment
Model
Aggregate by
Candidate
Visualization
Online
Human
Annotation
Recorded
data
116
3. 3.1 Input/Data Source
We chose the micro-blogging service Twitter as
our data source because it is a major source of
online political commentary and discussion in the
U.S. People comment on and discuss politics by
posting messages and ‘re-tweeting’ others’
messages. It played a significant role in political
events worldwide, such as the Arab Spring
Movement and the Moldovian protests in 2009. In
response to events, Twitter volume goes up sharply
and significantly. For example, during a republican
debate, we receive several hundred thousand to a
million tweets in just a few hours for all the
candidates combined.
Twitter’s public API provides only 1% or less of
its entire traffic (the “firehose”), without control
over the sampling procedure, which is likely
insufficient for accurate analysis of public
sentiment. Instead, we collect all relevant tweets in
real-time from the entire Twitter traffic via Gnip
Power Track, a commercial Twitter data provider.
To cope with this challenge during the later stages
of the campaign, when larger Twitter traffic is
expected, our system can handle huge traffic bursts
over short time periods by distributing the
processing to more servers, even though most of
the times its processing load is minimal.
Since our application targets the political
domain (specifically the current Presidential
election cycle), we manually construct rules that
are simple logical keyword combinations to
retrieve relevant tweets – those about candidates
and events (including common typos in candidate
names). For example, our rules for Mitt Romney
include Romney, @MittRomney, @PlanetRomney,
@MittNews, @believeinromney, #romney, #mitt,
#mittromney, and #mitt2012. Our system is
tracking the tweets for nine Republican candidates
(some of whom have suspended their campaign)
and Barack Obama using about 200 rules in total.
3.2 Preprocessing
The text of tweets differs from the text in articles,
books, or even spoken language. It includes many
idiosyncratic uses, such as emoticons, URLs, RT
for re-tweet, @ for user mentions, # for hashtags,
and repetitions. It is necessary to preprocess and
normalize the text.
As standard in NLP practices, the text is
tokenized for later processing. We use certain rules
to handle the special cases in tweets. We compared
several Twitter-specific tokenizers, such as
TweetMotif (O'Connor et al., 2010) and found
Christopher Potts’ basic Twitter tokenizer best
suited as our base. In summary, our tokenizer
correctly handles URLs, common emoticons,
phone numbers, HTML tags, twitter mentions and
hashtags, numbers with fractions and decimals,
repetition of symbols and Unicode characters (see
Figure 2 for an example).
3.3 Sentiment Model
The design of the sentiment model used in our
system was based on the assumption that the
opinions expressed would be highly subjective and
contextualized. Therefore, for generating data for
model training and testing, we used a crowd-
sourcing approach to do sentiment annotation on
in-domain political data.
To create a baseline sentiment model, we used
Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) to get as varied
a population of annotators as possible. We
designed an interface that allowed annotators to
perform the annotations outside of AMT so that
they could participate anonymously. The Turkers
were asked their age, gender, and to describe their
political orientation. Then they were shown a
series of tweets and asked to annotate the tweets'
sentiment (positive, negative, neutral, or unsure),
whether the tweet was sarcastic or humorous, the
sentiment on a scale from positive to negative, and
the tweet author's political orientation on a slider
scale from conservative to liberal. Our sentiment
model is based on the sentiment label and the
sarcasm and humor labels. Our training data
consists of nearly 17000 tweets (16% positive,
56% negative, 18% neutral, 10% unsure),
including nearly 2000 that were multiply annotated
Tweet WAAAAAH!!! RT @politico: Romney: Santorum's 'dirty tricks' could steal Michigan:
http://t.co/qEns1Pmi #MIprimary #tcot #teaparty #GOP
Tokens WAAAAAH !!! RT @politico : Romney : Santorum's ' dirty tricks ' could steal
Michigan : http://politi.co/wYUz7m #MIprimary #tcot #teaparty #GOP
Figure 2. The output tokens of a sample tweet from our tokenizer
117
4. to calculate inter-annotator agreement. About 800
Turkers contributed to our annotation.
The statistical classifier we use for sentiment
analysis is a naïve Bayes model on unigram
features. Our features are calculated from
tokenization of the tweets that attempts to preserve
punctuation that may signify sentiment (e.g.,
emoticons and exclamation points) as well as
twitter specific phenomena (e.g., extracting intact
URLs). Based on the data we collected our
classifier performs at 59% accuracy on the four
category classification of negative, positive,
neutral, or unsure. These results exceed the
baseline of classifying all the data as negative, the
most prevalent sentiment category (56%). The
choice of our model was not strictly motivated by
global accuracy, but took into account class-wise
performance so that the model performed well on
each sentiment category.
3.4 Aggregation
Because our system receives tweets continuously
and uses multiple rules to track each candidate’s
tweets, our display must aggregate sentiment and
tweet volume within each time period for each
candidate. For volume, the system outputs the
number of tweets every minute for each candidate.
For sentiment, the system outputs the number of
positive, negative, neutral and unsure tweets in a
sliding five-minute window.
3.5 Display and Visualization
We designed an Ajax-based HTML dashboard
(Figure 3) to display volume and sentiment by
candidate as well as trending words and system
statistics. The dashboard pulls updated data from a
web server and refreshes its display every 30
seconds. In Figure 3, the top-left bar graph shows
the number of positive and negative tweets about
each candidate (right and left bars, respectively) in
the last five minutes as an indicator of sentiment
towards the candidates. We chose to display both
positive and negative sentiment, instead of the
difference between these two, because events
typically trigger sharp variations in both positive
and negative tweet volume. The top-right chart
displays the number of tweets for each candidate
every minute in the last two hours. We chose this
time window because a live-broadcast primary
debate usually lasts about two hours. The bottom-
left shows system statistics, including the total
number of tweets, the number of seconds since
system start and the average data rate. The bottom-
right table shows trending words of the last five
minutes, computed using TF-IDF measure as
follows: tweets about all candidates in a minute are
treated as a single “document”; trending words are
the tokens from the current minute with the highest
TF-IDF weights when using the last two hours as a
corpus (i.e., 120 “documents”). Qualitative
examination suggests that the simple TF-IDF
metric effectively identifies the most prominent
words when an event occurs.
The dashboard gives a synthetic overview of
volume and sentiment for the candidates, but it is
often desirable to view selected tweets and their
sentiments. The dashboard includes another page
Figure 3. Dashboard for volume, sentiment and trending words
118
5. (Figure 4) that displays the most positive, negative
and frequent tweets, as well as some random
neutral tweets. It also shows the total volume over
time and a tag cloud of the most frequent words in
the last five minutes across all candidates. Another
crucial feature of this page is that clicking on one
of the tweets brings up an annotation interface, so
the user can provide his/her own assessment of the
sentiment expressed in the tweet. The next section
describes the annotation interface.
3.6 Annotation Interface
The online annotation interface shown in Figure 5
lets dashboard (Figure 4) users provide their own
judgment of a tweet. The tweet’s text is displayed
at the top, and users can rate the sentiment toward
the candidate mentioned in the tweet as positive,
negative or neutral or mark it as unsure. There are
also two options to specify whether a tweet is
sarcastic and/or funny. This interface is a
simplified version of the one we used to collect
annotations from Amazon Mechanical Turk so that
annotation can be performed quickly on a single
tweet. The online interface is designed to be used
while watching a campaign event and can be
displayed on a tablet or smart phone.
The feedback from users allows annotation of
recent data as well as the ability to correct
misclassifications. As a future step, we plan to
establish an online feedback loop between users
and the sentiment model, so users’ judgment serves
to train the model actively and iteratively.
4 System Evaluation
In Section 3.3, we described our preliminary
sentiment model that automatically classifies
tweets into four categories: positive, negative,
neutral or unsure. It copes well with the negative
bias in political tweets. In addition to evaluating
Figure 5. Dashboard for most positive, negative and frequent tweets
Figure 4. Online sentiment annotation interface
119
6. the model using annotated data, we have also
begun conducting correlational analysis of
aggregated sentiment with political events and
news, as well as indicators such as poll and
election results. We are exploring whether
variations in twitter sentiment and tweet volume
are predictive or reflective of real-world events and
news. While this quantitative analysis is part of
ongoing work, we present below some quantitative
and qualitative expert observations indicative of
promising research directions.
One finding is that tweet volume is largely
driven by campaign events. Of the 50 top hourly
intervals between Oct 12, 2011 and Feb 29, 2012,
ranked by tweet volume, all but two correspond
either to President Obama’s State of the Union
address, televised primary debates or moments
when caucus or primary election results were
released. Out of the 100 top hourly intervals, all
but 18 correspond to such events. The 2012 State
of the Union address on Jan 24 is another good
example. It caused the biggest volume we have
seen in a single day since last October, 1.37
million tweets in total for that day. Both positive
and negative tweets for President Obama increased
three to four times comparing to an average day.
During the Republican Primary debate on Jan 19,
2012 in Charleston, NC one of the Republican
candidates, Newt Gingrich, was asked about his
ex-wife at the beginning of the debate. Within
minutes, our dashboard showed his negative
sentiment increase rapidly – it became three times
more negative in just two minutes. This illustrates
how tweet volume and sentiment are extremely
responsive to emerging events in the real world
(Vergeer et al., 2011).
These examples confirm our assessment that it
is especially relevant to offer a system that can
provide real-time analysis during key moments in
the election cycle. As the election continues and
culminates with the presidential vote this
November, we hope that our system will provide
rich insights into the evolution of public sentiment
toward the contenders.
5 Conclusion
We presented a system for real-time Twitter
sentiment analysis of the ongoing 2012 U.S.
presidential election. We use the Twitter “firehose”
and expert-curated rules and keywords to get a full
and accurate picture of the online political
landscape. Our real-time data processing
infrastructure and statistical sentiment model
evaluates public sentiment changes in response to
emerging political events and news as they unfold.
The architecture and method are generic, and can
be easily adopted and extended to other domains
(for instance, we used the system for gauging
sentiments about films and actors surrounding
Oscar nomination and selection).
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