This document discusses an Internet of Things platform for open process, open data, and open service. It proposes that an IoT platform needs open standards for the lifecycle of connected things (open process), sharing of thing data (open data), and discovery and access of IoT services (open service). The document outlines GS1 standards that provide global identification of things and a common language for classifying things. It also describes the Oliot open source project, which implements GS1 standards and enhancements for an open IoT architecture based on open process, data, and service.

1. Internet of Things Platform for
Open Process, Open Data, and Open Service
Daeyoung Kim
Oct. 10, 2016
Professor, School of Computing, KAIST
Director, Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
Director, Center for Internet of Things, KAIST
• kimd@kaist.ac.kr, http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org http://gs1.org

2. © Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 2
(Big) Data Technology Era finally arrived
“unstructured data flowing from sensors, RFID…”
We need to transform unstructured one to structured one for AI(Watson)
Watson eats data

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What are things?, but not limited
Passive Things Active Things
Wireless Sensors/Actuators
Smart Devices
Consumer Electronics
Knowledge
Virtual Information

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Slide 4
What are things?, but not limited

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Slide 5
Internet of Things in standard and
industry landscape

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Case I : Connected Car : Internet of Things;
+ Cloud, and + Big Data
• Connected Car World Record Race by HP

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Case II : Healthcare: Internet of Things; +
Cloud, and + Big Data
• Withings(Nokia) : Bood Pressure, Scale, wearable sensors

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Observations & Challenges (Analyze Behavior)
Departure?
Replace
Tire!
Location?
Slippery?
standardized
• Events of vehicles from
production to disposal
involving replacement,
accident, performance, etc.
• Events of vehicles be
common from the vehicles
of every companies in the
world.

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Observations & Challenges (Share Data)
Car
Infotainment
Withthing
s
Car
Infotainment
Withthing
s
How to standardize
data format in each
industry?
Health data? Car data?
How to share data?
Withings? VW(Hellion)?
???
(Some Application to
analyze withings data and
car data)
Open API

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Slide 10
Observations & Challenges (Dispatch Service)
I want to show driver’s
heart rate from smart
watch in my screen!!
Car Infotainment
How to discover
service?
Withings
Fitbit
How to mashup
service?
Android Auto
Withings
Withthing
???
(How to discover service
and mashup service)

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Requirement: (1) Open Process
Standard Lifecycle Monitoring and Management
- Thing itself oriented, not Service oriented
- Standard vocabulary

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Requirement: (2) Open Data
Standard Data Contents, Format, Storages, Sharing, and Understanding
Repository data
Repository data
Repositoryrefining
Middleware
Different Data Contents, Format
Federated
repository
Repository data
Standardized Format, Storages Sharing, Understanding
Any third party
Application/service

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Requirement: (3) Open Service
Standard Service Registration, Discovery, and Access
- Country, Language support Hyundai Genesis
Korea
Service Discovery
System
U.S.
Service Discovery
System
Global Infrastructure
Car ID – H-G-128273
Korean in U.S.
KOR
Register Services
U.S.
Register Services
Car
clean?
Car
parts?
Ko.part Ko.repair Ko.Bt En.part En.repair En.clean En.oil Ko.clean
Ko.partKo.clean
Access Services
Discover Services
Register and Manage Services

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Federation

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Slide 15
Open Language for the IoT Federation
KTX169(Things ID) Seoul-Station(Location ID) Depart
19:30(Time) Busan-Station Arrive 22:08, total 20 cars,
2 locomotives, 18 passenger cars(Attributes).
Depart from Seoul-Station at 19:30(Event).
KTX169(Things ID) 18:28(Time) Daejeon-
Station(Location ID) Arrive(Event), Front locomotive
(Things ID) Temperature of first wheel over
100°C(Attribute) Event occurs.

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Magic IoT Book written in Standard Open Language
Human’s History, Knowledge, Social info. are recorded and shared by using various languages.
Then.. How to record and share Internet of Things’ History, Knowledge, Social info?
 Open Language Infrastructure for the Federation = Open Process + Open Data + Open Service

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GS1 Standards and Oliot Open Source Project

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In 1999, the Internet of Things" was first
coined by Kevin Ashton who cofounded
the Auto-ID Center(Labs) at the MIT
GS1 (International Standard Organization)
http://gs1.org

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GS1 in Healthcare/Medical, Food Safety
• Food Safety Modernization Act
(FSMA) was signed on January 4,
2011and aims to ensure the U.S. food
supply is safe by shifting the focus
from responding to contamination to
preventing it

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Slide 20
GS1 in Logistics, Railway

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Slide 21
GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things
Humans and things

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GS1/EPCglobal Standards
GS1/EPCglobal Architectural Framework and Evolution
Applications
Manufacturer Distributor Retailer
Product info.
• Technical spec.
• Warranty spec.
• Instruction manual
• etc.
Product history
• Genuine or Imitation
• Freshness
• Where this is from?
• Etc.
Manufacturer
EPCIS server
Productquery
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
Switzerland
England
Object Name Service
(ONS) Server
ONS query
EPC
Information
Service
repository
Filtering
&Collection
middleware
Capturing Applications
DS query
Application
Real-time feedback
Smart
RFID
reader
Discovery Service (DS)
EPCIS
ALE
ONS DS GS1 Source

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Identification Systems
How will you globally identify? Codes
ID Keys : Used to Identify
Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) : Products and services (Can of soup, chocolate bar, music album)
Global Location Number (GLN) : Parties and locations (Companies, warehouses, factories, stores)
Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) : Logistics units (Unit loads on pallets, roll cages, parcels)
Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) : Returnable assets (Pallet cases, crates, totes)
Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI) : Assets (Medical, manufacturing, transport and IT equipment)
Global Service Relation Number (GSRN) : Service provider and recipient relationships (Loyalty scheme members, doctors
at a hospital, library members)
Global Document Type Identifier (GDTI) : Documents (Tax demands, shipment forms, driving licenses)
Global Identification Number for Consignment (GINC) : Consignments (Logistics units transported together in an ocean
container)
Global Shipment Identification Number (GSIN) : Shipments (Logistics units delivered to a customer together)
Global Coupon Number (GCN) : Coupons (Digital coupons)
Component/Part Identifier (CPID) : Components and parts (Automobile parts)
Medical Devices
(GTIN)
Rent Car (GRAI)
Train (GIAI)
Section (GLN)
Container (SSCC)
Worker (GSRN)
Certification (GDTI)
Consignment (GINC)
Coupon (GCN)
Shipment (GSIN)

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Global Product Classification (GPC)
A common language for classifying products(things) in the same way gl
obally
An Industry segmenta
tion or vertical
Categories of like
products
Segment
Attribute 1
Attribute 2
Value 1
Value 2
Family
A broad division of
a segment
Class
Brick
A group of like c
ategories

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Common Business Vocabulary (CBV)
 CBV provides identifiers that may be used as values for EPCIS event data elements.
CBV
Standard Vocabularies
User Vocabularies
Business step
Disposition
Business transaction types
Source/Destination types
Objects
Locations
Business transactions
Source/Destination identifiers
Transformation identifiers
Master Data Attributes
and Values for Physical
Locations
• Site Location
• Sub-Site Type
• Sub-Site Attributes
• Sub-Site Detail
Business step
accepting
arriving
assembling
collecting
commissioning
Consigning
- - - + [32]
urn:epcglobal:cbv:bizstep: accepting
Stored in EPCIS in the
form of URI
Also adopted by ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 19987:2015 standard

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Slide 26
EPC Information Service
• EPC Information Service (EPCIS)
• Current Version 1.2, Oct. 2016
• Also adopted by ISO/IEC
ISO/IEC 19987:2015 standard
• Capture standardized visibility data
 4 core event data type
 1 vocabulary data type
• Share with standardized query interface
 Filtering: e.g., object, location
 Comparing: e.g., events after a specific time
 Sorting: e.g., events sorted by their occurrence time
 Limiting: the number of events

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Slide 27
Object Name Service
• Object Name Service (ONS)
• ONS uses the Domain Name System (DNS) for Service Registration, Discovery, and Access
 The GS1 Identification Key will be converted to a domain name and the results must be a valid DNS Resource
Record (RR).
 Discover Country and Language matched IoT services.
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
France
German
Sunchon
Univ.
GS1 Korea
Samsung
KAIST
Local ONS Name Servers
onsepc.kr
Globally Federated ONS Peer Roots
UAE, Saudi
Arabia
Withings GS1 ID key - US
(02) 061 4141 322602
Withings Application Unique
Sting (AUS) – Korean
ko | kr | gtin | 00614141322602
Withings Application Unique
Sting (AUS) - American
en | us | gtin | 00614141322602
Withings Application Unique
Sting (AUS) - Australian
en | at | gtin | 00614141322602
Heart rate
English
Australia
Heart rate
service?
Country-kr
Language-ko
Heart rate
Korean
Korea
Heart rate
English
United States

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Slide 28
We remodel GS1 Architecture for IoT

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Slide 29
• Oliot Open Source Project
• Reference implementation of the latest GS1
Standards and IoT enhancements
• GS1 Source
• Pedigree
• Traceability & Recall
• ONS
• DS
• EPCIS
• F&C
• IoT connectivity Layer
• Dashboard
• http://oliot.org
Oliot Project

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Slide 30
Oliot Industrial Application Projects

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Slide 31
Conclusion
Internet of Things in Data Technology Viewpoint
- Openness, Scalability, Globalization
- Open Process, Open Data, and Open Service
- Building IoT Federation is important
(eg. GS1, oneM2M, OCF, FIWARE, Apple, Google…)