Kaist snail-20150122

Prof. Daeyoung Kim, Dr. Minkeun Ha
Auto-ID Labs, Department of Computer Science, KAIST
kimd@kaist.ac.kr, minkeun.ha@kaist.ac.kr
Jan. 22, 2015
SNAIL ProjectSNAIL Project
for IoT Connectivity
(Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)
http://oliot.org, http://autoidlab.kaist.ac.kr, http://resl.kaist.ac.kr http://autoidlabs.org http://gs1.org

© Auto-ID Lab Korea / KAIST
Slide 2
 PART I
Internet of Things Research Activities at
Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
 PART II
SNAIL Project

PART I
Internet of Things Research Activities
at Auto-ID Labs, KAIST

Slide 4
History of the IoT
http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-history

Slide 5
Auto-ID Labs
Business Processes
and Applications
Software and Network
Hardware
http://autoidlabs.org

Slide 6
GS1 (Global Standard One)
- strong research partnership with Auto-ID Labs
CTO, GS1 (2012 - )
Former CEO of
W3C,
WWW Foundation
SCM to Web and
Consumers
http://gs1.org

Slide 7
How to build Internet of Things Platform?
(Integration/Interoperability at its heart)

Slide 8
New Wireless Network for
Home
• IPv6/6LoWPAN based
• Secure wireless mesh network
for home and its products
• Support for many application
layers with low bandwidth
• New security architecture
• 250+ per network
• Runs on 802.15.4 silicon
• Designed for very low operation
• Reliable for critical
infrastructure
Overview Target
Application
System Messaging
Model
Thread Group
Cloud
Connectivity
• Control when not
at home
• Within the home,
device go direct
to gateway
Border
Router
• Forwards
data to cloud
• Provides Wifi
connectivity
in the home
Device
Communication
• Device to device
communication in the
home
7 companies founded the Thread
Group
• Not another standard body
• A market education group offering
• product certification
• Promoting Thread’s use in connected
products for the home
• Offer rigorous product certification to
ensure security and interoperability
• The Thread Group now open to any
company who wishes to join
Designed for al sorts of products in the
home
• Appliances
• Access control
• Climate control
• Energy management
• Lighting
• Safety
• Security
Classification
• Normally Powered
• Powered or battery
• Normally Battery
Internet of Things – Which is right direction?
Google’s Thread Project

Slide 9
Apple’s HealthKit/HomeKit
HealthKit
 The new Health app
puts data in one place,
accessible with a tap,
giving you a clear and
current overview of
your health.
(Heart rate, calories
burned, blood sugar,
cholesterol, etc)
• We can control
devices and
accessories in
our home easily
via
smartphone(in
this case,
iphone), iPad,
iWatch, and so
on.
• Smartphone is
connected with
all of
accessories in
home, and then
could control
them remotely.
HomeK
it

Slide 10
ARM’s mbed

Slide 11
11
• AllJoyn connects, manages, and interoperates smart things together
Qualcomm’s ALLSEEN / AllJoyn

Slide 12
Samsung/Intel Open Interconnect Consortium
The Open Interconnect Consortium (OIC) will seek to
define a common communication framework based on
industry standard technologies to wirelessly connect and
intelligently manage the flow of information among
devices, regardless of form factor, operating system or
service provider. OIC also intends to deliver open source
implementations for a variety of IoT market opportunities
and vertical segments from smart home solutions to
automotive and more.

Slide 13
Bluetooth 4.2

Slide 14
OneM2M (Machine to Machine)
- Use cases and requirements for a common set of
Service Layer capabilities;
- Service Layer aspects with high level and detailed
service architecture, in light of an access
independent view of end-to-end services;
- Protocols/APIs/standard objects based on this
architecture (open interfaces & protocols);
- Security and privacy aspects (authentication,
encryption, integrity verification);
- Reachability and discovery of applications;
Interoperability, including test and conformance
specifications;
- Collection of data for charging records (to be used
for billing and statistical purposes);
- Identification and naming of devices and
applications;
Information models and data management
(including store and subscribe/notify functionality);
- Management aspects (including remote
management of entities); and
- Common use cases, terminal/module aspects,
including Service Layer interfaces/APIs between:
Application and Service Layers;
Service Layer and communication functions

Slide 15
GS1
In 1999, the Internet of
Things" was first coined by Kevin
Ashton who cofounded the Auto-
ID Center at the MIT

Slide 16
Industrial Internet Consortium
Accelerating Innovation In Connected,
Intelligent Machines And Processes
Imagine a highway where cars are able
to safely navigate to their destinations
without a driver. Imagine a home
where an elderly patient’s health is
closely monitored by her hospital
physician. Imagine a city that
significantly reduces waste through
sensor-embedded water pipes,
buildings, parking meters and more.

Slide 17
The Road to Internet of Things
Positioning Baseline Infrastructure

Slide 18
Hope that GS1 in Rome

Slide 19
GS1 Philosophy and Internet of Things
Humans and things

Slide 20
GS1 Member Organizations

Slide 21
GS1 - Essentials

Slide 22
Projects at Auto-ID Labs, KAIST
SeaHaven Project
GPGPU Cloud Project
Oliot Project
SNAIL Project

Slide 23
Slide 23
 Open Language for IoT
(Oliot) is an ID-based IoT
framework.
–Based on GS1 standard ID
(e.g., URI-convertible GTIN)
 Goal
–Is to build a ID-based
framework to identify,
capture, control and share
information about smart
things
Open Language for the Internet of Things
since 2005
Passive Tags
(e.g., passive
tags, barcode)
Sensor & Actuator Networks
(e.g., ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Mobile phone, BLE,
AllJoyn, lwM2M etc.)
Active Tags (e.g.,
Wireless ID and Sensor
Networks)
RFID Middleware
LLRP LLRP Sensor & actuator protocols Sensor & actuator protocols
Domain-specific capturing application
Domain-specific accessing applications
Sensor Interface
Sensor interface
EPC Information Service
(static and dynamic information)
ALE
ActuationInterface
Sensor & Actuator Middleware
Object
Name
Service
Discovery
Service
ZigBee
6LoWPAN/
CoAP
MQTT
Web
service-*
REST
Other
Comm.
RFID stream processing
Logical RFID
reader
Reader
Management
Sensor stream
processing
Sensor & actuator
Management
ID-Sensor stream
processing

Slide 24
Testbed in building for Federated Object Naming
Services
Korea
JapanChina
Taiwan
Australia
USA
Brazil
France
German
Suncho
n
Univ.
GS1
KoreaSamsun
g
KAIST
Local ONS Name Servers
onsepc.kr
Globally Federated ONS Peer Roots
UAE, Saudi
Arabia

Slide 25
IoT Connectivity –
SNAIL(Sensor Networks for All IP World) Project
Since 2007
Internet of Things
SNAIL Border Router (6LBR)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
Entertainment & Social Net. ServiceDevice Browsing & Mashup
Big Data AnalysisUser Experience with IoT Service
• SNAIL (Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)
• an IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks platform
• Supported Protocols
• Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4
• Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL
• Dual-Mode gateway for WiFi AP and IP-WSN edge router
• CoAP, HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)
• Mesh routing in adaptation layer, Addressing
• DTLS/BLE ongoing

Slide 26
SeaHaven Project Since 2011

Slide 27
IoT Big Analytics Cloud Platform Since 2013
Infiniband
Switch
서버1: GPU 2대 탑
재
서버2: GPU 2대 탑
재
• OPENSTACK
• NVIDIA K20
• IoT Text/Image/Video Big Data
Analysis

Slide 28
Project 1. Smart Agriculture and Food
Safety Systems Pilot Project (Plan)

Slide 29
Project 2. Healthcare Application
- KAIST Dr. M Project
Health
Monitoring Medical Assistance
DrM Database
2013
2012
2011
Real-time Monitoring Data
Historical Data
DrM Database
Bio Optic
Sensor
Bio Optic
Sensor
Healthcare
Watch
Healthcare
Watch
EEG
biotelemetry
Blood
Pressure
Blood
Pressure
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Virus
Monitoring
Virus
Monitoring
Foot SensorFoot Sensor
Smart SensorsSmart Sensors
ECG SensorECG Sensor
EEG
biotelemetry
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Machine
Learning
Machine
LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics
Prediction
Disease
knowledge
(1) 일반인/환자 헬스 모니터링/원격검진 (2) 병원/의사 의료 지원
[1]생체신호 센싱
[3] IoT 플랫폼 및 데이터 분석
[4] 질병분석 및
예측
[5] 의료 지식
발견
[2] 저전력 통신, IPv6 통신
[6] 비즈니스
모델

Slide 30
Project 3. Bridge Management
Object Naming Service (ONS)
EPC Information Service(EPCIS)
Filtering and Collection (F&C)
2002:8ff8:6a89::8ff8:6a89
2002:8ff8:6a6c::8ff8:6a6c
2002:8ff8:6a87::8ff8:6a87
Data fusion
Pattern
recognition
Machine
learning
Embedded Sensor
Data

Slide 32
 What is the Internet of Things?
– New generation of Internet System to make people’s life better and
convenient by providing knowledge extracted from our world.
– A dynamic global infrastructure that interconnects trillions of everyday
objects together to give things intelligence via communication and
computing capabilities.
Internet of Things
IDC “The Internet of things will change everything
and be a new construct in the information and
communications technology world.“
The Internet of things and the
technology ecosystem
surrounding it are expected to be a
$8.9 trillion market in 2020,
according to IDC.

Slide 33
 Connect everyday objects to the Internet
– Integration between physical world and virtual IoT world.
 Share data each other / Control everyday objects
 Composite their own services to make new IoT services
– Break the service limitation of the ability of device itself.
Internet of Things
Everything in the World at your Fingertips
Internet
Internet of Things
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
New ICT
Services
Internet of Things
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
SNAIL Node (6LN)
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle
IEEE 802.15.4
Btle

Slide 34
 What technologies we need to realize the Internet of Things
World?
– Constrained Node Networks
– Sensor Technology
– Identification system
– Big Data Processing / Machine Learning
– High performance computing
– Etc……
Internet of Things
• Seamless Internet Connectivity
of Constrained node
• Mobile Communications
• Reliable Communications
• Lightweight interface
• Time series data with global time
• Easy & Cheap
• Etc.

Slide 35
IoT Service Example:
Smart Healthcare Service
2013
2012
2011
Real-time Monitoring Data
Historical Data
Bio Optic
Sensor
Bio Optic
Sensor
Healthcare
Watch
Healthcare
Watch
EEG
biotelemetry
Blood
Pressure
Blood
Pressure
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Virus
Monitoring
Virus
Monitoring
Foot SensorFoot Sensor
Smart SensorsSmart Sensors
ECG SensorECG Sensor
EEG
biotelemetry
stick-on
Heart Rate Sensor
Machine
Learning
Machine
LearningBig AnalyticsBig Analytics
Prediction
Disease
knowledge

Slide 36
 A smart grid puts information and communication technology
into electricity generation, delivery, and consumption, making
systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and efficient.
 Power Line Communications (PLC)
– Communication signals travels on the same wires that carry electricity
 Wireless Home Area Networks (ZigBee, 6LoWPAN)
– Low cost and low power consumption
– Self- organizing, secure, and reliable mesh network; Network can support a large
number of users
IoT Service Example:
Smart Grid – Smart Utility Networks (SUN)

Slide 37
 Tiny and Small
– Need to be small to be embedded to any physical objects
 Battery powered
– High portion of Things in IoT cannot connected to unlimited power source
due to mobility, infrastructure of power network, etc.
 Small Resources
– General MCU spec. for things: RAM : 16 Kbytes Flash : 256 Kbytes
 Low network bandwidth & data rate
– Packet Size
 Ex) MTU of IEEE 802.15.4 : 127 bytes. (Payload : 102 bytes)
– Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps for each of the currently
defined physical layers (2.4 GHz, 915 MHz, and 868 MHz, respectively)
 Mobility
– Things in IoT dynamically change their location (But, Not All things)
 Ex) Body sensors for IoT healthcare
IoT Connectivity Issue 1/2 :
Characteristics of Physical Things

Slide 38
 Wireless Sensor Network
– Spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or
environmental conditions (temperature, sound, pressure, etc.)
– Cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location.
Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks
Internet
X

Slide 39
 How to connect trillions of physical things to the Internet
IoT Connectivity Issue 2/2 :
Internet Protocol v4 vs. v6
But!!
The last blocks of IPv4 Internet
addresses have been allocated.
 IPv4
– Address Size : 32 bits
– # of Addresses : 232
Source:
http://www.moxa.com/newsletter/connection/2009/06/IPv6-ready_Ethernet_Switches_for_Industrial_Networking.htm
 IPv6 is often referred to as the
"next generation" Internet
standard and has been under
development now since the mid-
1990s.
– Address Size : 128 bits (written in
hexadecimal)
 Ex) 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf
– Larger Address Space : 2128
– Autoconfiguration
– Simpler Header
Next header = 6 (TCP) TCP hdr + payload
Next header = 43 (routing) TCP hdr + payloadNext header = 6 (TCP)

Slide 40
 IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks technologies can be a
promising solution for the everyday objects
– Open, long-lived, reliable standards
– Global accessibility & seamless connectivity via the Internet
– Transparent Internet integration and Global scalability
– Large Address Space are required to address trillions of things
– Lightweight Internet Connection
Internet Connection of IoT Devices

Slide 41
 IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN)
– A set of Internet standards defined by IETF, which is a promising network technology
for THINGs in the IoT
– Enables IP communications over resource-limited and low-power wireless networks
(IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy, etc.)
Network Technology for THINGs
6LoWPAN
6LoWPAN
WiFi
Internet
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC
Adaptation Layer
lwIPv6 lwICMPv6
lwTCP lwUDP
Application
IEEE 802.15.3/11/15 PHY/MAC
Adaptation Layer
Adaptation Layer
Network
Transport
Application

Slide 42
Standards for IPv6-based IoT Connectivity
Application Layer
PHY/LNK
MAC/PHY IEEE
/ Bluetooth
SIG
Adaptation
Adaptation Layer
IEEE 802.15.4
Bluetooth
Low Energy
Power Line
Comm.
Header
Compression
Neighbor
Discovery
Transmission
Routing Auto-conf. ...
IETF
6lo /
6TISCH WG
NET Network Layer(IPv6) RPL
IETF 6MAN
WG /
ROLL WG
TRN
Transport Layer
IETF
APP
DTLS
TCP UDP
CoAP IETF CoRE
/ DICE WG

Slide 43
 IEEE 802.15.4
– PHYsical Layer (PHY): Radio
portion, transmitter and receiver
– Media Access Control (MAC)
Layer: Radio controller, data to
next device
IEEE 802.15.4 Overview
Thousands of sensors in a small space
 Wireless
but wireless implies Low Power!
and low power implies Low Duty Cycles
Low Rate » WPAN Technology!
By means of
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
Upper Layers
IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC
IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz
PHY
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz
PHY

Slide 44
 Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.
 Support for low latency devices.
 CSMA-CA channel access.
 Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
 Low power consumption.
 Frequency Bands of Operation, either:
– 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band: 250 kb/s
– 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band: 40 kb/s
– 1 channel in the European 868MHz band: 20 kb/s
 Dynamic Addressing
– All devices have 64 bit IEEE addresses
– Short addresses can be allocated
IEEE 802.15.4 Overview
- General Characteristics

Slide 45
 Low-Power Operation
– Duty-cycle control using superframe structure
 Beacon order and superframe order
 Coordinator battery life extension
– Indirect data transmission
IEEE 802.15.4a
- Superframe Structure & MAC Data Service
Network
beacon
Transmitted by PAN coordinator. Contains network information,
frame structure and notification of pending node messages.
Contention
period
Access by any node using CSMA-CA
Guaranteed
Time Slot
Reserved for nodes requiring guaranteed bandwidth [n = 0].
15ms * 2n
where 0  n  14
GTS 2 GTS 1
Contention Access
Period
Contention Free Period
Originator
MAC
MCPS-DATA.request
Data frame
MCPS-DATA.confirm
MCPS-DATA.indication
Acknowledgement
(if requested)
Channel
access
Originator
Recipient
Recipient
MAC

Slide 46
 IEEE 802.15.4e (TSCH: Time-Slotted (Synchronized) Channel Hopping)
– Time Slotted
 Synchronized Time slots to a given slotframe
– Channel Hopping
 Mitigate Channel Impairments
– Frequency diversity to mitigate the effects of interference and multipath fading
 Increase Network Capacity
– One timeslot can be used by multiple links at the same time
IEEE 802.15.4e
slotframe t
0 1 2 … 0 1 2 …99 99
cycle k cycle (k + 1)
A single slot is long enough for the transmitter
to send a maximum length packet and for the
receiver to send back an ACK

Slide 47
 A low-complexity, low-cost, low- power wireless communication
for use in SUN applications
– It addresses principally outdoor Low Data Rate Wireless Smart Metering
Utility Network requirements.
– Over-the-air data rate of at least 40 kb/s but not more than 1000 kb/s
dependent from the radio frequency and coding of each PHY.
– PHY frame sizes can now be up to 2047 bytes and 32 bits CRC.
– IEEE 802.15.4g PHY is operated by IEEE 802.15.4/4e MAC.
– General MAC frame format
IEEE 802.15.4g
General MAC frame format of IEEE 802.15.4g

Slide 48
 Traditional Bluetooth is connection-oriented. When a device is
connected, a link is maintained, even if there is no data flowing.
 Bluetooth low energy is a NEW, open, short range radio
technology
– Compared to classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is intended to
provide considerably reduced power consumption and cost.
– Optimized for ultra low power
 Enable coin cell battery use cases
– < 20mA peak current
– < 5 uA average current
– It is designed for sending small chunks of data
– It’s good at small, discrete data transfers.
– Data can triggered by local events.
Bluetooth alliance:
Bluetooth Low Energe
Controller
Link Layer (LL)
RF (PHY)
Host
Generic Access Profile
(GAP)
Attribute
Protocol (ATT)
Security Manager
(SM)
Logical Link Control and
Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
Generic Attribute
Profile (GATT)
Host-Controller Interface (HCI)

Slide 49
Standards for IPv6-based IoT Connectivity
Application Layer
PHY/LNK
MAC/PHY IEEE
/ Bluetooth
SIG
Adaptation
Adaptation Layer
IEEE 802.15.4
Bluetooth
Low Energy
Power Line
Comm.
Header
Compression
Neighbor
Discovery
Transmission
Routing Auto-conf. ...
IETF
6lo /
6TISCH WG
NET Network Layer(IPv6) RPL
IETF 6MAN
WG /
ROLL WG
TRN
Transport Layer
IETF
APP
DTLS
TCP UDP
CoAP IETF CoRE
/ DICE WG

Slide 50
 IETF 6LoWPAN WG
– Formed to adapt IPv6 technology over IEEE802.15.4 networks
IETF 6lo Working Group
This working group has completed.
 IETF 6Lo WG
– A successor to 6LoWPAN WG
– Formed to facilitate IPv6 connectivity over
constrained node networks
 IEEE 802.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy, DECT Ultra
Low Energy, Powerline Communication Networks,
Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.
– Work closely with the IETF 6man working
group
 IETF 6man WG
– responsible for the maintenance and
advancement of the IPv6 protocol
specifications and addressing architecture.
– Design authority for extensions and
modifications to the IPv6 protocol.

Slide 51
IP Adaptation of 6LoWPAN
Header Compression
Neighbor discoveryStateless address auto-configuration
Bluetooth device Address (48 bits)
Uniqueness of the BLE public Address
Router
Device
1. NS message with ARO
ICMP Type = 135
Src = slave
Dst = solicited-node unicast of B
Data = link-layer address of slave
Query = what is your link address?
3. Neighbor Advertisement
ICMP Type = 136
Src = master
Dst = slave
Data = link-layer address of master
2. Store slave link-layer address
exchange packets on this link
1. RS message
ICMP Type = 133
Src = ::
Dst = link-local unicast (master)
2. Router Advertisement
ICMP Type = 134
Src = master link-local address
Dst = all-nodes unicast address
Data = options, prefix, lifetime,
autoconfig flag
Fragmentation & Reassembly
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0
Size(11) Tag(16)
Size(11) Tag(16)
Offset(8)
Dispatch for first
fragment header
Dispatch for next
fragment header
First fragmentation header
Offset*8 is the length
of sent packet
All length of Dsp + HC1 + HC2
+uncompressed part
Fragmentation identifier
Next fragmentation header
IPv6 packet MTU 1,280 bytes
IEEE 802.15.4 MTU 127 bytes
BLE L2CAP MTU 23 bytes
 Fragmentation & Reassembly procedure is required.

Slide 52
 Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (RPL)
– A IETF standard for routing in Low power and Lossy Networks(LLNs)
– RPL supports three basic traffic flows :
 Multipoint-to Point (MP2P) : Collection traffic
 Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) : Configuration traffic
 Point-to-Point (P2P) : combined method of MP2P and P2MP
– DODAG(Direction-Oriented Directed
Acyclic Graph)-based Topology
– Different Objective Function for special requirements
 Application areas for LLNs
– Industrial monitoring, building automation,
connected homes, healthcare, environmental
monitoring, urban sensor networks, asset tracking.
IETF ROLL Working Group
1
1211
23 24
13
21 22
3534333231
4241 4443 45 46
LBR

Slide 53
 CoAP is a RESTful application protocol for use with low-power
and lossy networks
IETF CoRE Working Group
Image Source:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/6LoWPAN
– Asynchronous Request /
Response interaction
method between application
endpoints
– Small message overhead
– Includes key concepts of
the Web such as URIs and
Internet media types
– Easily interface with a
generic Web protocol (e.g.
HTTP) for interaction with
the Web

Slide 54
 DTLS In Constrained Environments
(DICE WG)
 Specifications for the use of DTLS
Transport-Layer Security in
constrained devices (e.g. memory,
algorithm choices) and constrained
networks (e.g. PDU sizes, packet loss).
– Fine-grained Support of Security Services for
Constrained Devices using DTLS
– A TLS/DTLS 1.2 Profile for the Internet of
Things
– DTLS Relay for Constrained Environments
DICE WG

Slide 55
 Bluetooth 4.2 involves IPv6 transmission over Bluetooth low
energy
IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6BLE)
 Standardization
– IETF 6lo WG: draft-ietf-6lowpan-btle-12
 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over BLUETOOTH Low
Energy. Apply 6LoWPAN to BLE.
 https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6lowpan-btle-12
– Bluetooth SIG: Bluetooth core specification v4.2
 Enables the IoT with support for flexible internet
connectivity options (IPv6/6LoWPAN or Bluetooth
Smart Gateways)
 https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/adopted-
specifications
– Bluetooth SIG: Internet Protocol Support Profile
(CSS: Core Specification Supplement)
 The Internet Protocol Support Profile (IPSP) allows
devices to discover and communicate to other
devices that support IPSP.
 The communication between the devices that support
IPSP is done using IPv6 packets over the Bluetooth Low
Energy transport.

Slide 56
 Basic of Operations
– 6BLE shares same Link Layer state machine, initialization message
sequence, sending data of BLE. (Dark gray parts)
– However, 6BLE operates by using IPSP with 6LoWPAN’s IP adaptation
layer and upper IP based layers. (Light gray parts)
IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (6BLE)
Bootstrapping
Advertising
Scanning
Establish (Connection)
6LoWPAN IP Adaptation Layer
Network Layer
Controller
Link Layer (LL)
Physical Layer (PHY)
Host
GAP
ATTSM
L2CAP
GATT
Transport LayerIPSS
Host-Controller Interface (HCI)
Paring
Profile Manage
Fragmentation & Reassambly
Autoconfiguration HeaderCompression
Neighbor Discovery
Server
IP Support Profile
lwIPv6 lwICMPv6 lwMIPv6 lwNEMO
IP Support Service
lwTCP lwUDP
BLE GATT profiles
BLE Services
Authentication

Slide 57
 Google Thread – New wireless Network for home
– IPv6/6LoWPAN based
– Secure wireless mesh network for home and its products
– Support for many application layers with low bandwidth
– New security architecture
– 250+ per network
– Runs on 802.15.4 silicon
– Designed for very low operation
– Reliable for critical infrastructure
 Thread Group – 7 companies founded group
– Not another standard body
– A market education group offering
– product certification
– Promoting Thread’s use in connected products for the home
– Offer rigorous product certification to ensure security and interoperability
– The Thread Group now open to any company who wishes to join
Google Thread

Slide 58
 ARM mbed IoT Device Platform
– to create commercial and interoperable connected IoT devices based on
ARM microcontrollers
– mbed provides open standards based on a common platform and an
ecosystem for IoT development and connectivity
 Provides common OS (mbedOS)
 Future proof designs
 Updatable and secure devices
 Power management
 Cloud based development tool suite
ARM – Internet of Things
 Related ARM Products
- The ARM Cortex A9
- The ARM Mali series
- The ARM Cortec-M3
- …

Slide 59
 SNAIL (Sensor Networks for an All-IP worLd)
– The lightweight IPv6 Networking Platform for the Internet of Things
 Provide global IPv6 connectivity to small and low-power embedded devices
 Fully compatible with IETF standards
 Special Features – Mobility, HTTP, Time Sync., Security, GW platforms for easy construction, etc.
 History of SNAIL
About SNAIL Project
2007
SNAIL Team
Establishment
SNAIL v0.5
(IPv6 over IEEE
802.15.4)
2008
SNAIL v1.0
(L3 Mobility, Time
Sync, HTTP, SSL)
2010
SNAIL
1.0
SNAIL v1.0
(L3 Mobility, Time
Sync, HTTP, SSL)
SNAIL v1.5
(New GW platforms,
Mobility
enhancement, PaaS
Cloud, RPL, CoAP)
2011
SNAIL v2.0
(6Lo over ble,
Android GW,
latest 6lo
standards,
etc.)
2014
SNAIL
2.0
SNAIL v2.0
(6Lo over ble,
Android GW,
latest 6lo
standards,
etc.)
"SNAIL: An IP-based Wireless Sensor Network Approach Toward the
Internet of Things," IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(6):34-42, Dec.
2010.
New SNAIL 2.0 Paper is in preparation

Slide 60
 Supported Protocols
– Interoperability between IPv4/v6 domains and the IEEE 802.15.4
– Lightweight IPv6, ICMPv6, MIPv6, NEMO, UDP, TCP, SSL
– Dual-Mode gateway and SNAIL Adaptor
– HTML5, Web browsing (HTTP/TCP)
– Mesh routing in adaptation layer, RPL, Hierarchical Addressing
– Fast and Seamless Mobility management, Global Time Synchronization, Security
– Web Browsing architecture, Pretty Cloud Service
SNAIL (Sensor Network for an All-IP worLd)

Slide 61
 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks
– Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) based topology
 A directed acyclic graph with exactly one root
 Multiple successors when available (vs. Tree)
– Construct and maintain a DODAG supporting MP2P flows
– implementation specific metrics and objective functions to find the least cost
paths
– Use MP2P + P2MP as basic P2P support
– Trickle Timer
 Controls frequency of the DIO messages depends
on the stability of the network
 Treats building of graphs as a consistency problem
 Decides when to multicast DIO messages.
– DODAG Root maintains a DODAG graph.
 In storing mode, some storing-mode nodes also
maintains their descendant graph
 In non-storing mode, only DODAG root.
RPL: Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy
Networks
A B C
EDF
G H I
1
3
2
1
1
LBR-1
11
1
4
1
1
1 1
1
1

Slide 62
 Our Approach
– Routing protocol for reducing detour overheads and route management
overheads at the same time
 Performance Evaluation
ISTRP : IP-based Shortcut Tree Routing Protocol

Slide 63
 We are living in very dynamic and mobile world.
– People want to get seamlessly available IoT services while moving.
 Fast and seamless mobility management
Mobility Management

Slide 64
 Essential Components for Mobility Management
– Movement Detection
 to recognize movement of the mobile node (MN) and to trigger their handoff
– Handoff Management
 to maintain ongoing connections of MNs during handoffs
– Location Management
 to keep track of location information of the MNs
Mobility Management
A truly fast and seamless mobility management
can only be realized by considering all of them
Mobility Management
Handoff ManagementMovement Dectection Location Management

Slide 65
 MARIO includes movement detection, handoff management, and
location management schemes.
Mobility Management Protocol
Data Req.Poll Req.
ACK
MACNET
Poll confirm
Data Req.Poll Req.
POLL
Interval
Retransmissions {
Poll fail
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 1
Retransmissions {
Poll fail
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 2
Retransmissions {
Poll fail
# of Poll Req.
Fail : 3
Data Req.
Data Req.
Movement Detection Total 12 data requests
are transmitted to
detect MN＇s movement
MN MR
Time t0
Time t1
Time t2
Timeline
Poll Req.
Poll Req.
MAC
MN
MR1
MR2
MR3
MR4
Movement Detection MN
Candidate MRs
={MR1, MR2, MR3, MR4}
RSSI from MN
MR2 > MR3 > MR1 > MR4
Strong < - > Weak
① Send Orphan
notification
② Each MR
calculates τslot
MacResponseWaitTime
τslot
Nslot
MR1MR2 MR3 MR4
0
Calculated Time to send realignment command
Signal Strength
③ Each MR sends
realignment command
in its own τslot
④ The MN performs
handoff to the MR
which sent realignment
command first.
MRA MRB MRC
MRD
MRE
MN MN MN MN
Initial K=0 MPFS success
K=1
MPFS success
K=2
MPFS success
K=4
AMR IMR1 IMR2
IMR3
IMR4
Trajectory of MN
Forwarding Pointer
Reachability Test
LUReq
Success
Fail
Distance
MRA<->MRB=1
MRB<->MRC=1
MRC<->MRD=1
MRD<->MRE=1
MRC<->MRE=2
Movement Detection Handoff Management Location Management
Experiment Environment Average RTT & PDR
Baseline: 909.495 ms, 83.3% (853/1024)
MARIO: 745.427 ms, 92.08% (943/1024)

Slide 66
 Need to be Scalable
MLEq: Multi-GW Load Balancing Scheme
for Equilibrium
 But, Gateway Bottlenect
Only
One Gateway?
Multiple GW.
But, only use
one GW?

Slide 67
 MLEq virtually model 3D-terrain with reflecting traffic load, hop distance from Gateway,
link quality, and capacity.
– All the node (gateways and routers) dynamically and distributedly update their virtual height level (VL).
Multi-GW based Load Balancing Scheme
Internet
GW
Gateway bottleneck
Internet
GW
2
GW
1
GW
3
Single Gateway Network Multi-Gateway Network w/o load balancing
Imbalanced Data Traffic
without load balancing
Internet
GW
2
GW
1
GW
3
Multi-Gateway Network w/ load balancing
Fairly distributed traffic load
High portion of traffic is focused on a few Gateways
InternetInternet
4
2
2
1
2
111
3
2
2 2
3 3
2
3
2
3
0
GW1
GW2
0
6
4
2
1
2
331
3
2
4 4
3 5
2
5
4
3
0
Routers
(6LRs)
Intersection
Node
Intersection
area
GW1 GW2
2
Higher Traffic load
Previous
Intersection area
GW1's Service domain GW2's Service domain GW1's Service domain GW2's Service domain
Number: VL
Lower Traffic load Balanced Traffic load
Gateways4
GW
MR
Level:0
Level:1
Level:2
2
2
3
2
0
5
6
6 5
5
4
3
1
0
3

Slide 68
 Performance Evaluation (compared with RPL) – ns-2 Simulation
Multi-GW based Load Balancing Scheme
About 48% reduction
Control OverheadThroughput
Load Fairness
Linear Increment with # of GWs

Slide 69
 The Internet of Things reflects physical world
 Physical world is dynamic world
Global Time Synchronization

Slide 70
 6LNTP: 6LoWPAN Network Time Protocol
– A Global Time Synchronization protocol for 6LoWPAN
– Server-Client Time Sync Model
– Multi-hop time synchronization
– Root delay is accumulated and forwarded by intermediate nodes
Global Time Synchronization
Internet of Things
Reference
Time
The average synchronization error
1-hop: 542.875 μs
2-hop: 593.636 μs
3-hop: 788.246 μs

Slide 71
 Restful application protocol for
constrained devices and networks
 Specialized for M2M applications
 2 layers approach: CoAP requests
and responses are carried on top
of CoAP messages
– 4 types of message: Confirmable,
Non-confirmable, Acknowledgement
and Reset
– 4 types of request: GET, PUT, POST,
DELETE
– 3 classes of response status code: 2xx,
4xx, 5xx
 Asynchronous message delivery
over UDP
CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol

Slide 72
 Browsing Architecture with HTML5
– Presentation server Manages Rich Interface comprised of HTML, CSS, and muilti-
media files
– JavaScript posts a message to obtain sensor data
– HTML5 CDM solves the “Same origin policy”
 allows application code from presentation server to request data to sensor node, which is in different
domain.
– Web server and CoAP server embedded in a sensor node (a thing in IoT)
Web Browsing Architecture with HTML5

Slide 73
Security
IoT(Internet Of Things)
Every Things are connected
Every information
can be stolen???
 CoAP over DTLS
– Datagram Transport Layer Security
 TLS is a Security Protocol for byte-stream
oriented protocol
 TLS cannot be used directly in datagram
environments
– To make only the minimal changes to
TLS required to fix this problem
Attacker
Message
Forgery
Tampering
Eavesdropping
Transport Layer (UDP)
DTLS Record Protocol
DTLS Handshake
Protocol
DTLS Alert
Protocol
ChangeCipherSpe
c Protocol
CoAP
DTLS

Slide 74
 SNAIL Platform over Bluetooth LE
– Devices such as mobile phones, notebooks, tablets and other handheld
computing devices which will include Bluetooth LE.
– An example of a use case for a Bluetooth LE accessory is a heart rate
monitor that sends data via the mobile phone to a server on the Internet.
SNAIL over Bluetooth LE
Internet
BLE Service App
Traditional Bluetooth Low Energy IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy
End-to-End
Communication
Cloud Computing

Slide 75
 How to achieve easy-construction & cheap-deployment
– Reconstruction of 6LoWPAN hotspots is very expensive.
Easy-Construction & Cheap- Deployment
Thanks to well-constructed
WiFi hotspots
• In newly developing cities
• Deploy speicial devices
which support both
WiFi and 6LoWPAN
• In developed citie
• Reuse WiFi hotpots
Benefit from not requiring reconstruction of existing
infrastructure and from ubiquity of WiFi APs, enabling
low-cost and rapid deployment
Source:
WiFi Deployments Expected To Rise 350% By 2015, Says Report
Available: http://hothardware.com/News/WiFi-Deployments-Expected-To-Rise-350-By-2015-Says-Report/

Slide 76
 SNAIL Gateway platforms
– Dual-mode Wireless AP: provides both WiFi AP and 6LoWPAN GW capabilities.
 an efficient solution in newly developing cities and buildings since it cost-effectively
provides both WiFi AP and 6LoWPAN GW in one device.
– SNAIL adaptor: can easily establish a LoWPAN by simply plugging to the existing
general WiFi APs.
SNAIL Gateway Platforms
SNAIL-StackInternet-Stack
Ethernet
TCP
Linux
lwTCP lwUDP
Dual-mode SNAIL GW
OpenWRT
WLAN TUN/TAP
IP
UDP
uIP
Adaptation
USB-Serial
SNAIL GW
software
FirewallNAS
UPnP
DLNA . . .LuCI
SNAIL PAN
Coordinator
lwTCP lwUDP
uIP
Adaptation
USB-Serial
OSAL
USB-Serial
SNAIL-StackInternet-Stack
Ethernet
TCP
Linux
lwTCP lwUDP
SNAIL Adaptor
TUN/TAP
IP
UDP
uIP
Adaptation
USB-Serial
SNAIL GW
software
SNAIL PAN
Coordinator
lwTCP lwUDP
uIP
Adaptation
USB-Serial
OSAL
USB-Serial
General
WiFi AP
Ethernet

Slide 77
 Smart devices and consumer electronics are equipped with web/CoAP servers that
can response directly to requests from the Internet
 Presentation Cloud provides rich web contents to support those embedded web servers
 Sensing data and Actuation commands/results are retrieved directly from web browser
and display on top of rich web interface, either in numbers or in graphs
Web-based Visualization
Internet
Presentation Cloud which
stores rich web interface
Consumer Electronics Smart Metering Devices
Pricing
information
Rich Web interface for user-
friendly Visualization
Device
Control
Power
Consumption
information
Web-based Interface

Slide 78
Demo Video:
SNAIL Healthcare System

Slide 79
SNAIL Node H/W Platform

Slide 80
Dual-mode Gateway H/W Platform
 A New Type of SNAIL Gateway
which supports dual wireless
access points for WiFi and
6LoWPAN
– Support both IEEE 802.11 b/g/n based
WiFi AP and IP-WSN gateway
– Implemented on the OpenWRT which
is a GNU/Linux based firmware
program for embedded devices

Slide 81
SNAIL Adaptor H/W Platform
 A New Type of IP-WSN Gateway
which supports easy setup and
easy deployment of SNAIL
networks in home / office
– SNAIL adaptor is connected to the Internet
through a common access points or routers.
– No modification & no custom firmware are
required
– Implemented on the Raspberry Pi

Slide 82
SNAIL S/W Stack
CO2 Sensor
Humidity &
Temperture
Sensor
Temperture
Sensor
3-axis
accelerometer
(upgradable)
2-axis Analog Giro
MCU
MSP430F5438
RF transceiver
CC2520
Relay
RS232
USB-to-Serial
JTAG
SNAIL GW
(Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH)
PAN
Coordinator
PAN Coordinator
SNAIL GW
(Raspberry Pi model B)
TCP/IP
NET
Layer
SNAILNetLayer
SNAILNetServices
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC
Link Status Manager
Mobility Management
lwIPv6
Movement Detection
Handoff Management
Location Management
Load Balancing
Pkt Forwarder
One-hop
Neighbor
Table
Virtual Level
Manager
TimeSync.
Neighbor DiscoverylwICMPv6 lwNEMOlwMIPv6
Route-over Routing
(RPL)
TRN
Layer
lwTCP lwUDP
Applications
APP
Layer
lw Web Server (HTTP) CoAP Server
lwSSL
Default Page
TCP/IP
SNAILNetLayer
SNAILNetServices
Link Status Manager
Mobility Management
Movement Detection
Handoff Management
Location Management
Load Balancing
Pkt Forwarder
Virtual Level
Manager
TimeSync.
Applications
APP
Layer
Web Server (HTTP) HTML5 WebSocket Proxy
-WSCoAP Daemon
SSL
TCP/IP
TUN/TAP
6in46to4NET
Layer
IPv6 Neighbor DiscoveryICMPv6 NEMOMIPv6
Route-over Routing
(RPL)
TRN
Layer
TCP UDP
Ethernet/WiFi
SNAIL Conf. Interface
IPAdaptation
Autoconfiguration
Bootstrapping
Header Compression
Fragmenation/Reassembly
Node Registration
Mesh-under Routing
IPAdaptation
Autoconfiguration
Bootstrapping
Header Compression
Fragmenation/Reassembly
Node Registration
Mesh-under Routing
Bluetooth Low Energy IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC Bluetooth Low Energy
DTLS

Slide 83
 THREAD
– Construct wireless mesh network
for home and its connected
products with IPv6 Interoperability
– Cloud Connectivity
– Border Router (WiFi AP)
– Device Communication
 New features to be
implemented
– Leader Role
– Multiple Border Routers
SNAIL 3.0 – THREAD in SNAIL
SNAIL SN
SNAIL GW

Slide 84
SNAIL 3.0 - lwM2M in SNAIL
 M2M Device Management
 Focused on constrained cellular and other WSN devices
or
Servers SNAIL GW
SNAIL SN
IP Devices

Slide 85
Q / A

Slide 86
 T. Kim, S. Kim, J. Yang, S. Yoo, and D. Kim, "Neighbor Table based Shortcut Tree Routing in ZigBee
Wireless Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 25. no 3, Mar. 2014.
 S. Hong, D. Kim, M. Ha, S. Bae, S. Park, W. Jung, and J. Kim, "SNAIL: An IP-based Wireless Sensor
Network Approach Toward the Internet of Things," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 17, no. 6, pp.
34-42, Dec. 2010.
 D. Kim, S. Kim, and M. Ha, "Integrating EPC and IPv6 wireless standards will enable the Internet of
Things," RFID Journal, Dec. 2012.
 M. Ha, K. Kwon, D. Kim, and P. Kong, "Dynamic and Distributed Load Balancing Scheme in Multi-
Gateway based 6LoWPAN," IEEE iThings 2014, Taipei, Taiwan, Sep. 2014.
 N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "Cross Domain Communication in the Web of Things, A New Context
for the old problem," WWW 2014, Demo Session, Seoul, S. Korea, Apr. 2014.
 N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "SCoAP: An Integration of CoAP Protocol With Web-based
Application," IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, Atlanta, USA, Dec. 2013.
 K. Kwon, M. Ha, S. Kim, and D. Kim, "TAMR: Traffic-Aware Multipath Routing for Fault Tolerance
in 6LoWPAN," IEEE GLOBECOM 2013, Atlanta, USA, Dec. 2013.
 N. Giang, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "Web-enabled Smart Tags for Physical Things," Internet of Things 2012,
Demo Session, Wuxi, China, Oct. 2012.
 K. Kwon, M. Ha, T. Kim, S. Kim, and D. Kim, "The Stateless Point to Point Routing Protocol based on
Shortcut Tree Routing Algorithm for IP-WSN," Internet of Things 2012, Wuxi, China, Oct. 2012.
Publications : SNAIL technologies (1/2)

Slide 87
 S. Jeong, S. Kim, M. Ha, T. Kim, J. Yang, N. Giang, and D. Kim, "Enabling Transparent
Communication with Global ID for the Internet of Things," esIoT-2012, Palermo, Italy, Jul. 2012.
 H. Kim, S. Kim, M. Ha, T. Kim, and D. Kim, "IPR: Incremental Path Reduction Algorithm for Tree-
based Routing in Low-Rate Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE WCNC 2012, Paris, France, Apr. 2012.
 S. Kim, M. Ha, and D. Kim, "A Location Update Scheme using Multi-hop Pointer Forwarding in
Low-rate Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE WCNC 2012, Paris, France, Apr. 2012.
 M. Ha, S. Kim, H. Kim, K. Kwon, N. Giang, and D. Kim, "SNAIL Gateway: Dual-mode Wireless
Access Points for WiFi and IP-based Wireless Sensor Networks in the Internet of Things," IEEE
CCNC 2012, Las Vegas, USA, Jan. 2012.
 S. Bae, D. Kim, M. Ha, and S. Kim, "Browsing Architecture with Presentation metadata for the
Internet of Things," IEEE ICPADS 2011, Tainan, Taiwan, Dec. 2011.
 M. Ha, D. Kim, S. Kim, and S. Hong, "inter-MARIO: A Fast and Seamless Mobility Protocol to
support Inter-PAN Handover in 6LoWPAN," IEEE GLOBECOM 2010, Miami, USA, Dec. 2010.
 W. Jung, S. Hong, M. Ha, Y. Kim, and D. Kim, "SSL-based Lightweight Security of IP-based Wireless
Sensor Networks," IEEE QuEST 2009, Bradford, UK, May 2009.
Publications : SNAIL technologies (2/2)

Slide 88
 Ky Nam Giang, Daeyoung Kim, Minkeun Ha, and Kiwoong Kwon, "The Method and System for
Browsing Things of Internet of Things on IP using Web Platform," US Patent App. 13/785,378, Pub.
US-2014-0047322-A1, Feb. 13, 2014.
 Ky Nam Giang, 김대영, 하민근, 권기웅, "웹 플랫폼을 이용한 아이피 기반 IoT 사물 브라우징 방법 및 시스
템," 등록번호 10-1362384, Feb. 6, 2014.
 정수호, 김대영, 김성훈, 하민근, 김태홍, "IoT를 위한 글로벌 ID를 이용한 통신 방법 및 시스템," 등록번호
10-1321583, Oct. 17, 2013.
 배성호, 김대영, 하민근, 김성훈, "웹 플랫폼을 이용한 아이피 기반 IoT 사물 브라우징 기술 및 네트워크 중
계 기술 기반 이기종 네트워크 중계 장치 및 방법과 이를 이용한 사용자 단말," 등록번호 10-1188507, Sep.
27, 2012.
 박상준, 김대영, 김영주, 하민근, 김성훈, "무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 다중 홉 시각 동기화 방법 및 장치," 등
록번호 10-1145961, May 7, 2012.
 하민근, 김대영, 홍성민, 김영주, "6LoWPAN 네트워크의 이동성 지원을 위한 프로토콜 헤더 압축 방법," 등
록번호 10-0937924, Jan. 13, 2010.
Patents

Kaist snail-20150122

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