SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 23
WEEK 3
Behaviorist theory uses rewards and punishments to control
students’ behaviors and teach them new skills.
The theory was popular in the early 20th Century but is now less
respected than theories like sociocultural theory and humanism.
The Definition Of Behaviorism Is…
Behaviorism is a theory of learning that believes learning occurs through teachers’ rewards and
punishments that lead to changes in behavior (Duchesne et al., 2014; Blaise, 2011; Pritchard, 2013).
Behaviorism is defined in the following ways by scholarly sources:
Duchesne et al. (2014, p. 160) state that behaviorism is a theory that “views learning as a ‘cause
and effect’ mechanism, in which external factors lead to a response, and over time, this response
becomes a learned behavior.”
Blaise (2011, p. 112) states that the core feature of behaviorism is that “learning is conditioned by
external events or factors.”
Pritchard (2013, p. 7) states that behaviorism “is a theory of learning focusing on observable
behaviors and discounting any mental activity. Learning is defined simply as the acquisition of new
behavior.”
2. Behaviorists Believe Learning Must Be Observable
For Behaviorists, learning is only considered to occur when we can observe it.
Behaviorists want to see a change in behavior. That’s the whole goal of the behaviorist
theory!
What does this mean about, say, if you watch a YouTube video and learn a new way to
tie a know? Well, behaviorists don’t care … yet. They don’t really believe you’ve learned
anything yet.
They only really believe that you have learned to tie a knot once you show them a knot
that you tied!
So, in order to prove learning has occurred, behaviorists want to see it.
3. Behaviorists Believe In The ‘Cause And Effect’ Or ‘Stimulus And
Response’ Rule
Behaviorists believe that we can be ‘trained’ into changing our behaviors.
Yep, just like a dog.
If we provide a ‘stimulus’, we expect a certain response. If someone comes up
behind you and pinches your back, you bet you will respond angrily! The pinch
was the ‘stimulus’ and the angry response was the response’.
Let’s look at a few examples of cause and effect in action:
I get yelled at for making a mess (stimulus), so I don’t make a mess next time
(response).
I get a treat for cleaning my room (stimulus), so I clean my room more often
(response).
4. Rewards And Punishments Produce Desirable Outcomes
Rewards and punishments can be used to change behavior. This is really simple and
relates to my point above:
If you praise someone for a certain behavior, they’re more likely to repeat that
behavior;
If you yell at someone for a certain behavior, they’re less likely to repeat that behavior.
This is why behaviorist theorists in schools are very likely to come up with clear rules
and rewards. A behaviorist might encourage behaviors by:
Giving a treat;
Giving praise;
Giving an early mark to lunch;
Letting a student choose where to sit;
But, behaviorists are also likely to have rules that punish some behaviors to discourage
them for being repeated. These are things like:
Giving detention;
Using the cane (back in the day!);
Taking away play time;
Making you sit in the corner for 5 minutes;
Sending you to the principal’s office
5. Behaviorists Believe You’re Born A Blank Slate, Or ‘Tabula Rasa’
Behaviorists think anyone can learn anything. All they need is the right rewards and
punishments.
Therefore, Behaviorists think a lot like Aristotle and John Locke. They think children are
born blank slates: no knowledge in their minds!
The way people learn, then, is through their experiences. The experiences people have
(the rewards and punishments they get through life) will shape how they behave.
Related
6. There Are Two Main Types Of behaviors: They Are Classical Conditioning And Operant
Conditioning
Classical conditioning is associated with the theorists Pavlov and Watson. They are discussed lower down in this
article.
Classical conditioning is a type of behaviorism concerned with involuntary stimuli responses. It’s also known as
associative learning.
For example, we often have involuntary fears and phobias.
I’m really scared of bears. When I see a bear when hiking my heart begins to race really, really fast and I get
anxious. I can’t help it!
Many children are scared of the dark. They can’t help it. It’s a phobia they have.
When we’re focussing on increasing or decreasing involuntary reactions to stimuli, we’re talking about classical
conditioning.
Operant conditioning is associated with the theorists Thorndike and Skinner. They are discussed lower down in this
article.
Operant conditioning is a type of behaviorism that is concerned with voluntary response to stimuli.
For example, my dog voluntarily chases the stick when I throw it because he knows he’ll get a reward for doing it. He
made the choice to chase the stick, so it’s operant conditioning.
Another example of operant conditioning is when we punish a child with 5 minutes in the time-out corner. We are
trying to teach the child to voluntarily change their behavior by making better choices in the future to avoid
punishment
7. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Is The Most Famous Classical Conditioning Behaviorist
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is a Russian psychologist who is a very important behaviorist
theorist you need to know about.
Pavlov is the father of classical conditioning.
Pavlov observed a dog’s learning to show how learning happens. Pavlov was observing
that a dog salivates when it is being fed food.
However, his big breakthrough came when he noticed that the dog would salivate simply
when the assistant who regularly fed the dog entered the room.
So, what did he deduce from this? He found that:
The assistant (stimulus) caused salivation (response).
The dog had learned to do something based on a stimulus (the assistant entering the
room). There was cause and effect!
Pavlov didn’t stop there. Next, he rang a bell every time the dog was about to eat to see
whether the bell would also cause the dog to salivate.
Soon enough, Pavlov could ring the bell any time he wanted and the dog would salivate
immediately. Pavlov didn’t even need to have food to give to the dog. The bell alone
started causing the salivation!
Now, let’s zoom in a little on some of Pavlov’s important terms in the next few points!
8. ‘Neutral Stimulus’ Means…
Pavlov invented the term ‘neutral stimulus’ to explain something that doesn’t cause
a response.
When Ivan Pavlov (see above) first rang the bell to train his dog to react to the bell,
nothing happened. The dog didn’t know what the bell meant!
When a learner does not associate the stimulus (the bell) with anything, it’s not
really going to achieve anything!
Do you salivate whenever a bell rings? No – of course not! You haven’t learned that
‘trick’ yet. And neither did the dog.
At this stage, the bell is considered a neutral stimulus because it doesn’t cause an
effect.
9. ‘Unconditioned Stimulus And Response’ Means…
‘Unconditioned Stimulus’ and ‘Unconditioned Response’ are two more keywords in
behaviorism invented by Ivan Pavlov (see Point 4).
When a dog eats food (stimulus), it naturally salivates (response).
Because this cause-and-effect relationship is just something that happens without us
having to teach it, we say it’s ‘unconditioned’.
The food is the ‘unconditioned stimulus’ and the salivating is the ‘unconditioned
response’.
Another example of an unconditioned stimulus and response is a tickly throat: we cough
(unconditioned response) when we have a tickle in our throat(unconditioned stimulus).
It’s just natural!
10. ‘Conditioned Stimulus And Response’ Means…
‘Conditioned Stimulus’ and ‘Conditioned Response’ are two more keywords in behaviorism
invented by Ivan Pavlov (see Point 4).
Pavlov would ring a bell just before he fed his dog food.
After a while, the dog began to associate the bell with food. Soon, the dog would start salivating
even if he didn’t eat the food!
Because the dog learned that the bell meant ‘food’ (and didn’t naturally just know it already), we
call the bell a ‘conditioned stimulus’ and the food to be a conditioned response’.
A clear parallel example is that school children associate a bell with break time. The bell doesn’t
naturally mean ‘break time’, we’ve just come to teach people that that’s what it’s for! So, the bell is
again a conditioned stimulus, and packing up our books is a conditioned response.
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx
Behaviourism.pptx

More Related Content

Similar to Behaviourism.pptx

UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptx
UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptxUNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptx
UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptxABRAHAMJOSEPHKWESIBE
 
Behaviourism
BehaviourismBehaviourism
BehaviourismLily Pad
 
Learning MBA PPT
Learning MBA PPTLearning MBA PPT
Learning MBA PPTSajid Nasar
 
Ep psych - presentation behaviorism
Ep psych - presentation behaviorismEp psych - presentation behaviorism
Ep psych - presentation behaviorismaboula1991
 
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptx
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptxBEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptx
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptxJoanBayangan1
 
Behaviorism school of thought in psychology
Behaviorism school of thought in psychologyBehaviorism school of thought in psychology
Behaviorism school of thought in psychologyNadeemShoukat3
 
Introduction to learning
Introduction to learningIntroduction to learning
Introduction to learningLance Jones
 
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhD
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhDBehaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhD
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhDzulfiqaralibehan
 
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
 
Theories of learning
Theories of learningTheories of learning
Theories of learningrogelyndiola
 
Chapter05
Chapter05Chapter05
Chapter05drellen
 
Theory of Behaviorism
Theory of BehaviorismTheory of Behaviorism
Theory of BehaviorismHiren Patel
 
Pavlov-child.pptx
Pavlov-child.pptxPavlov-child.pptx
Pavlov-child.pptxRonAligam
 
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology candyvdv
 

Similar to Behaviourism.pptx (20)

UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptx
UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptxUNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptx
UNITS TWO APPROACES 1 BEHAVIOURISM (1) [Autosaved].pptx
 
Behaviourism
BehaviourismBehaviourism
Behaviourism
 
Learning
LearningLearning
Learning
 
Learning MBA PPT
Learning MBA PPTLearning MBA PPT
Learning MBA PPT
 
Ep psych - presentation behaviorism
Ep psych - presentation behaviorismEp psych - presentation behaviorism
Ep psych - presentation behaviorism
 
Behaviourism
BehaviourismBehaviourism
Behaviourism
 
Behaviourism
BehaviourismBehaviourism
Behaviourism
 
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptx
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptxBEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptx
BEHAVIORISM. SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY PPT.pptx
 
Behaviorism school of thought in psychology
Behaviorism school of thought in psychologyBehaviorism school of thought in psychology
Behaviorism school of thought in psychology
 
Introduction to learning
Introduction to learningIntroduction to learning
Introduction to learning
 
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhD
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhDBehaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhD
Behaviorism explained with examples for B.Ed M.Ed & PhD
 
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...
Behaviourism/ The Behavioural Model. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lecturer of Psy...
 
BEHAVIORISM ppt.pptx
BEHAVIORISM ppt.pptxBEHAVIORISM ppt.pptx
BEHAVIORISM ppt.pptx
 
Theories of learning
Theories of learningTheories of learning
Theories of learning
 
Chapter05
Chapter05Chapter05
Chapter05
 
Learning Theories
Learning TheoriesLearning Theories
Learning Theories
 
Behaviorism
BehaviorismBehaviorism
Behaviorism
 
Theory of Behaviorism
Theory of BehaviorismTheory of Behaviorism
Theory of Behaviorism
 
Pavlov-child.pptx
Pavlov-child.pptxPavlov-child.pptx
Pavlov-child.pptx
 
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology
Chapter 4 introduction to learning theory and behavioral psychology
 

More from Nirmala Rothinam

ducational Psychology provides an intern
ducational Psychology provides an internducational Psychology provides an intern
ducational Psychology provides an internNirmala Rothinam
 
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptx
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptxConstructivism Learning Theory.pptx
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
Branches of Philosophy.pptx
Branches of Philosophy.pptxBranches of Philosophy.pptx
Branches of Philosophy.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptx
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptxHumanistic Learning Theory.pptx
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.ppt
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.pptHOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.ppt
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.pptNirmala Rothinam
 
Inductive Learning Examples.ppt
Inductive Learning Examples.pptInductive Learning Examples.ppt
Inductive Learning Examples.pptNirmala Rothinam
 
Internet of Things IoT.pptx
Internet of Things IoT.pptxInternet of Things IoT.pptx
Internet of Things IoT.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
Cooperative Learning Model.pptx
Cooperative Learning Model.pptxCooperative Learning Model.pptx
Cooperative Learning Model.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptx
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptxELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptx
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptx
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptxBlue and Green Business infographic.pptx
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptxNirmala Rothinam
 
Trial perlis spm 2010 english
Trial perlis spm 2010 englishTrial perlis spm 2010 english
Trial perlis spm 2010 englishNirmala Rothinam
 
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cy
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cySkema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cy
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cyNirmala Rothinam
 
Pahang spm trial 2010 english
Pahang spm trial 2010 englishPahang spm trial 2010 english
Pahang spm trial 2010 englishNirmala Rothinam
 
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalan
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalanKertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalan
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalanNirmala Rothinam
 
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalan
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalanKertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalan
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalanNirmala Rothinam
 
Johor spm trial 2010 english
Johor spm trial 2010 englishJohor spm trial 2010 english
Johor spm trial 2010 englishNirmala Rothinam
 
English trial terrenganu 2010
English trial terrenganu 2010English trial terrenganu 2010
English trial terrenganu 2010Nirmala Rothinam
 

More from Nirmala Rothinam (20)

ducational Psychology provides an intern
ducational Psychology provides an internducational Psychology provides an intern
ducational Psychology provides an intern
 
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptx
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptxConstructivism Learning Theory.pptx
Constructivism Learning Theory.pptx
 
Branches of Philosophy.pptx
Branches of Philosophy.pptxBranches of Philosophy.pptx
Branches of Philosophy.pptx
 
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptx
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptxHumanistic Learning Theory.pptx
Humanistic Learning Theory.pptx
 
epistemology.ppt
epistemology.pptepistemology.ppt
epistemology.ppt
 
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.ppt
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.pptHOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.ppt
HOTS_and_Questioning_Black_and_White.ppt
 
Inductive Learning Examples.ppt
Inductive Learning Examples.pptInductive Learning Examples.ppt
Inductive Learning Examples.ppt
 
Internet of Things IoT.pptx
Internet of Things IoT.pptxInternet of Things IoT.pptx
Internet of Things IoT.pptx
 
Cooperative Learning Model.pptx
Cooperative Learning Model.pptxCooperative Learning Model.pptx
Cooperative Learning Model.pptx
 
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptx
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptxELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptx
ELT_methods_Dendrinos_testing.pptx
 
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptx
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptxBlue and Green Business infographic.pptx
Blue and Green Business infographic.pptx
 
Trial perlis spm 2010 english
Trial perlis spm 2010 englishTrial perlis spm 2010 english
Trial perlis spm 2010 english
 
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cy
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cySkema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cy
Skema english p12 trial spm 2013 kedah set b cy
 
Pahang spm trial 2010 english
Pahang spm trial 2010 englishPahang spm trial 2010 english
Pahang spm trial 2010 english
 
Mrsm bi201 o
Mrsm bi201 oMrsm bi201 o
Mrsm bi201 o
 
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalan
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalanKertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalan
Kertas 2 pep percubaan spm terengganu 2013 soalan
 
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalan
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalanKertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalan
Kertas 1 pep percubaan spm sbp 2012 soalan
 
Kedah 2012 vvip
Kedah 2012 vvipKedah 2012 vvip
Kedah 2012 vvip
 
Johor spm trial 2010 english
Johor spm trial 2010 englishJohor spm trial 2010 english
Johor spm trial 2010 english
 
English trial terrenganu 2010
English trial terrenganu 2010English trial terrenganu 2010
English trial terrenganu 2010
 

Recently uploaded

भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,Virag Sontakke
 
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaPainted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaVirag Sontakke
 
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptx
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptxENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptx
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptxAnaBeatriceAblay2
 
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lesson
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lessonScience lesson Moon for 4th quarter lesson
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lessonJericReyAuditor
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
 
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docxBlooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docxUnboundStockton
 
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfClass 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfakmcokerachita
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdfssuser54595a
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxmanuelaromero2013
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityGeoBlogs
 
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfsanyamsingh5019
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTiammrhaywood
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
 
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaPainted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of India
 
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptx
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptxENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptx
ENGLISH5 QUARTER4 MODULE1 WEEK1-3 How Visual and Multimedia Elements.pptx
 
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lesson
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lessonScience lesson Moon for 4th quarter lesson
Science lesson Moon for 4th quarter lesson
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docxBlooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
Blooming Together_ Growing a Community Garden Worksheet.docx
 
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdfClass 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
Class 11 Legal Studies Ch-1 Concept of State .pdf
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
 
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
 

Behaviourism.pptx

  • 2. Behaviorist theory uses rewards and punishments to control students’ behaviors and teach them new skills. The theory was popular in the early 20th Century but is now less respected than theories like sociocultural theory and humanism.
  • 3. The Definition Of Behaviorism Is… Behaviorism is a theory of learning that believes learning occurs through teachers’ rewards and punishments that lead to changes in behavior (Duchesne et al., 2014; Blaise, 2011; Pritchard, 2013). Behaviorism is defined in the following ways by scholarly sources: Duchesne et al. (2014, p. 160) state that behaviorism is a theory that “views learning as a ‘cause and effect’ mechanism, in which external factors lead to a response, and over time, this response becomes a learned behavior.” Blaise (2011, p. 112) states that the core feature of behaviorism is that “learning is conditioned by external events or factors.” Pritchard (2013, p. 7) states that behaviorism “is a theory of learning focusing on observable behaviors and discounting any mental activity. Learning is defined simply as the acquisition of new behavior.”
  • 4. 2. Behaviorists Believe Learning Must Be Observable For Behaviorists, learning is only considered to occur when we can observe it. Behaviorists want to see a change in behavior. That’s the whole goal of the behaviorist theory! What does this mean about, say, if you watch a YouTube video and learn a new way to tie a know? Well, behaviorists don’t care … yet. They don’t really believe you’ve learned anything yet. They only really believe that you have learned to tie a knot once you show them a knot that you tied! So, in order to prove learning has occurred, behaviorists want to see it.
  • 5. 3. Behaviorists Believe In The ‘Cause And Effect’ Or ‘Stimulus And Response’ Rule Behaviorists believe that we can be ‘trained’ into changing our behaviors. Yep, just like a dog. If we provide a ‘stimulus’, we expect a certain response. If someone comes up behind you and pinches your back, you bet you will respond angrily! The pinch was the ‘stimulus’ and the angry response was the response’. Let’s look at a few examples of cause and effect in action: I get yelled at for making a mess (stimulus), so I don’t make a mess next time (response). I get a treat for cleaning my room (stimulus), so I clean my room more often (response).
  • 6. 4. Rewards And Punishments Produce Desirable Outcomes Rewards and punishments can be used to change behavior. This is really simple and relates to my point above: If you praise someone for a certain behavior, they’re more likely to repeat that behavior; If you yell at someone for a certain behavior, they’re less likely to repeat that behavior. This is why behaviorist theorists in schools are very likely to come up with clear rules and rewards. A behaviorist might encourage behaviors by: Giving a treat; Giving praise; Giving an early mark to lunch; Letting a student choose where to sit;
  • 7. But, behaviorists are also likely to have rules that punish some behaviors to discourage them for being repeated. These are things like: Giving detention; Using the cane (back in the day!); Taking away play time; Making you sit in the corner for 5 minutes; Sending you to the principal’s office 5. Behaviorists Believe You’re Born A Blank Slate, Or ‘Tabula Rasa’ Behaviorists think anyone can learn anything. All they need is the right rewards and punishments. Therefore, Behaviorists think a lot like Aristotle and John Locke. They think children are born blank slates: no knowledge in their minds! The way people learn, then, is through their experiences. The experiences people have (the rewards and punishments they get through life) will shape how they behave. Related
  • 8. 6. There Are Two Main Types Of behaviors: They Are Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning is associated with the theorists Pavlov and Watson. They are discussed lower down in this article. Classical conditioning is a type of behaviorism concerned with involuntary stimuli responses. It’s also known as associative learning. For example, we often have involuntary fears and phobias. I’m really scared of bears. When I see a bear when hiking my heart begins to race really, really fast and I get anxious. I can’t help it! Many children are scared of the dark. They can’t help it. It’s a phobia they have. When we’re focussing on increasing or decreasing involuntary reactions to stimuli, we’re talking about classical conditioning. Operant conditioning is associated with the theorists Thorndike and Skinner. They are discussed lower down in this article. Operant conditioning is a type of behaviorism that is concerned with voluntary response to stimuli. For example, my dog voluntarily chases the stick when I throw it because he knows he’ll get a reward for doing it. He made the choice to chase the stick, so it’s operant conditioning. Another example of operant conditioning is when we punish a child with 5 minutes in the time-out corner. We are trying to teach the child to voluntarily change their behavior by making better choices in the future to avoid punishment
  • 9. 7. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Is The Most Famous Classical Conditioning Behaviorist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) is a Russian psychologist who is a very important behaviorist theorist you need to know about. Pavlov is the father of classical conditioning. Pavlov observed a dog’s learning to show how learning happens. Pavlov was observing that a dog salivates when it is being fed food. However, his big breakthrough came when he noticed that the dog would salivate simply when the assistant who regularly fed the dog entered the room. So, what did he deduce from this? He found that: The assistant (stimulus) caused salivation (response). The dog had learned to do something based on a stimulus (the assistant entering the room). There was cause and effect! Pavlov didn’t stop there. Next, he rang a bell every time the dog was about to eat to see whether the bell would also cause the dog to salivate. Soon enough, Pavlov could ring the bell any time he wanted and the dog would salivate immediately. Pavlov didn’t even need to have food to give to the dog. The bell alone started causing the salivation! Now, let’s zoom in a little on some of Pavlov’s important terms in the next few points!
  • 10. 8. ‘Neutral Stimulus’ Means… Pavlov invented the term ‘neutral stimulus’ to explain something that doesn’t cause a response. When Ivan Pavlov (see above) first rang the bell to train his dog to react to the bell, nothing happened. The dog didn’t know what the bell meant! When a learner does not associate the stimulus (the bell) with anything, it’s not really going to achieve anything! Do you salivate whenever a bell rings? No – of course not! You haven’t learned that ‘trick’ yet. And neither did the dog. At this stage, the bell is considered a neutral stimulus because it doesn’t cause an effect.
  • 11. 9. ‘Unconditioned Stimulus And Response’ Means… ‘Unconditioned Stimulus’ and ‘Unconditioned Response’ are two more keywords in behaviorism invented by Ivan Pavlov (see Point 4). When a dog eats food (stimulus), it naturally salivates (response). Because this cause-and-effect relationship is just something that happens without us having to teach it, we say it’s ‘unconditioned’. The food is the ‘unconditioned stimulus’ and the salivating is the ‘unconditioned response’. Another example of an unconditioned stimulus and response is a tickly throat: we cough (unconditioned response) when we have a tickle in our throat(unconditioned stimulus). It’s just natural!
  • 12. 10. ‘Conditioned Stimulus And Response’ Means… ‘Conditioned Stimulus’ and ‘Conditioned Response’ are two more keywords in behaviorism invented by Ivan Pavlov (see Point 4). Pavlov would ring a bell just before he fed his dog food. After a while, the dog began to associate the bell with food. Soon, the dog would start salivating even if he didn’t eat the food! Because the dog learned that the bell meant ‘food’ (and didn’t naturally just know it already), we call the bell a ‘conditioned stimulus’ and the food to be a conditioned response’. A clear parallel example is that school children associate a bell with break time. The bell doesn’t naturally mean ‘break time’, we’ve just come to teach people that that’s what it’s for! So, the bell is again a conditioned stimulus, and packing up our books is a conditioned response.