The document details the 15th International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experiences focused on smart education for sustainable development, held at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang. It emphasizes the importance of the theme for enhancing educational practices and fostering collaboration among educators and scholars. Various leaders express their gratitude towards organizing committees and highlight the conference's aim to promote knowledge exchange in education.

2. i
Developing Real-Life Learning Experiences:
Smart Education for Sustainable
Development
Proceeding of
15th
International Conference
DRLE 2017
http://www.ided.kmitl.ac.th/drle2017
Faculty of Industrial Education
and Technology
King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology
Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
June 17th
, 2016

3. iii
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
Greeting to all of you and welcome to the 15th
International
Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experiences: Smart
Education for Sustainable Development that is being held on the campus
of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL),
Thailand. Today, KMITL is a leading research and educational institution
that promotes science, technology, and engineering and is well-known for
its various top programs and innovations. One of the visions' for KMITL
is to become a top ten Science and Technology University in ASEAN by
2020; Smart Education has become an area of vital importance to the
institute. Therefore, these particular conferences initiated by the Faculty
of Industrial Education and Technology are an excellent channel for scholars to broadcast the
knowledge of Smart Education and share their research with our staff, faculties, and conference
participants. As the President of KMITL and the Honorary Chairperson, I would like to pass my
gratitude and my sincere appreciation to the Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology and
the DRLE 2017 organizing committees for their untiring efforts. I would like to thank Thailand
Education Deans Council and Consortium of Sixteen Education Deans (Group 16 Deans), The
University of Warwick (UK), Wayne State University (US), Utah State University (US),
Universiti Putra Malaysia (Malaysia), all honorable guests, participants and sponsors for their
support and assistance. I do believe all will benefit substantially from the conferences through
the presentation of expert speakers. I wish you all a wonderful time at the 15 DRLE International
Conferences.
Prof. Dr. Suchatvee Suwansawat
President of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
DRLE 2017 Honorary Chairperson

4. v
MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN
Welcome to 15th International Conference on Developing Real-Life
Learning Experiences: Smart Education for Sustainable Development
(DRLE2017) and we are glad that you can join us on the campus of King
Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL) to participate in
this scholarly conference. This conference has been organized by the
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology at KMITL and they have
worked very hard in preparing for this conference. The theme of this year
is focused on Smart Education for Sustainable Development
To support and achieve the KMITL goals in pursuing research excellence, Faculty of Industrial
Education and Technology has continued providing the forums for educators and scholars in
presenting new knowledge as well as exchanging ideas on the relevant topics. I do believe this
contribution could serve as a part of strong foundation for sustainable development in education
locally and globally.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of our organizing committee members and the
steering committee members for their support, help and consistent effort to make the conferences
a success. My special thanks also go to All Professors their friendship and their support. The
experience and efforts of all staff and those mentioned above are indeed a great contribution for
the success of the conferences.
Finally, I sincerely hope that our conferences will promote productive information
exchanges and collaborations in education under this year’s theme “Smart Education for
Sustainable Development” aiming at education for sustainable development. And I wish all
participants a memorable experience and a wonderful time in Bangkok, Thailand.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kitipong Mano
Dean, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology
DRLE 2017 General Chairperson

5. vii
MESSAGE FROM THE CO-CHAIRPERSON
Greetings to all of you and welcome to the 15th
International Conference on
Developing Real-Life Learning Experiences: Smart Education for
Sustainable Development. I have been involved with the “real-life learning
experiences” conferences since their inception in 2001 and I have always
been impressed with the quality of the attendees and presenters who
participate in this conference.
The overall theme of this year’s conference focuses on Smart Education for
Sustainable Development. Smart education is about teaching and learning in
the digital age and using technology to enhance and sustain the teaching and learning
environment.
At this conference, through scholarly presentations and the conference proceedings, you will
have opportunities to learn about what other professional are doing to promote smart education
for sustainable development and other exciting presentations that promote effective teaching and
learning strategies. During the conference, I encourage you to meet, network, and engage with
the other professionals in attendance.
As Co-chairperson of the DRLE2017, I would like to thank all those involved in making this
conference possible, including the advisory and organizing committees, and the invited speakers.
I would also like to give a special thanks to the presenters and all attendees for helping make this
a successful conference. Finally, I would like to give a very special thank you to the President of
KMITL, Prof. Dr. Suchatvee Suwansawat, and the Dean of Industrial Education, Associate
Professor Dr. Kittipong Mano. It is through their leadership, vision, support and encouragement
that we are able to continue the tradition of offering this conference to the people of Thailand,
ASEAN, and the world.
Prof. Dr. Edward M. Reeve
Technology and Engineering Education (TEE)
Interim Vice Provost
Utah State University
DRLE2017 Co-Chairperson

6. xv
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Honorary Chairpersons
Prof. Dr. Suchatvee Suwansawat
President of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
General Chairperson
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kitipong Mano
Dean, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Co-Chairpersons
Prof. Dr. Mike Joy
The University of Warwick, UK
Prof. Dr. Jazlin Ebenezer
Wayne State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Edward M. Reeve
Utah State University, USA
Prof. Dr. Aida Suraya Md. Yunus
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prapansiri Suksoaraj
President of the Consortium of Sixteen Education Deans (Group 16 Dean) and Dean,
Faculty of Education, Srinakharinwirot University
Advisory Committee
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prapansiri Suksoaraj
Dean, Faculty of Education, Srinakharinwirot University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pattamawadee Lehmongkol
Dean, Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Maitree Inprasit
Dean, Faculty of Education, Khon Koen University
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Siridej Sujiva
Dean, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kiatsuda Srisuk
Dean, Faculty of Education, ChiangMai University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Rewadi Krahomvong
Dean, Faculty of Education, Thaksin University

7. xvi
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Wichit Suratruangchai
Dean, Faculty of Education, Burapha University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pirote Stirayakorn
Dean, Faculty of Technical Education,
King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok
Asst. Prof. Dr. Kitidech Santichaianant
Dean, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology,
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Patcharawit Chansirisira
Dean, Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University
Asst. Prof. Tip Hasartsi
Dean, Faculty of Education, Ramkamhang University
Assoc. Prof. Banjop Piromkam
Dean, Faculty of Education and Development Science,
Kasetsart University (KamphaengSaen Campus)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pimpa Kachondham
Dean, Ratchasuda College, Mahidol University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Samran Meejaeng
Dean, Faculty of Education, Naresuan University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Maream Nilapan
Dean, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Akkarin Sungtong
Dean, Faculty of Education, Prince of Songkla University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Taweewat Watthanakuljaroen
School of Educational Studies, SukhothaiThammathirat Open University
Organizing Committee:
Dr. Ratree Siripant
Associate Dean for Academic Administration and Graduate Studies,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pinmanee Kwanmuang
Associate Dean for Education Quality Assurance and Research,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Miss Sanwadee Jareonchasri
Associate Dean for Administration,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL

8. xvii
Mr.Chukiat Sae-Tang
Asssociate Dean for Planning,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Mr. Piya Tansiri
Assistant Dean for Development,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Mr. Mai Charoentham
Assistant Dean for Information Technology,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Mr. Natathai Jansen
Assistant Dean for Student Affairs,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Dr. Jirarat Sitthiworachart
Assistant Dean for Academic and International Affairs,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Asst. Prof. Sunti Tuntrakool
Head of the Department of Engineering Education
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Paitoon Pimdee
Head of the Department of Industrial Education
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Dr. Suthasini Bureeknampun
Head of the Department of Architectural Education and Design
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Dr. Pattraphon Patthararangsarith
Head of the Department of Agricultural Education
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Asst. Prof. Dr. Thanongsak Sovajassatakul
Director of Technology and Innovation Center,
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, KMITL
Academic Committee
Prof. Dr. Mike Joy (The University of Warwick, UK)
Prof. Dr. Jazlin Ebenezer (Wayne State University, USA)
Prof. Dr. Edward M. Reeve (Utah State University, USA)
Prof. Dr. Aida Suraya Md. Yunus (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
Prof. Dr. Nihal Perera (Ball State University, USA)
Prof. Dr. Elizabeth Murphy (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada)
Prof. Dr. Richard Clark (University of Southern California , USA)

9. xviii
Prof. Dr. Rustam Shadiev (Nanjing Normal University , China)
Prof. Dr. Shu-Sheng Liaw (China Medical University , Taiwan)
Adjunct Prof. Dr. Malowe U. Aquino (Benguet State University, Philippines)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jintana Bunnak (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiří Dostál (Palacký University of Olomouc, Czech Republic)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Koompong Noobanjong (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kunya Tuntivisoottiktiul (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pakkapong Poungsuk (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Panneepa Sivapirunthep (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pariyaporn Tungkunanan (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pichai Sodbhiban (KMITL, Thailand)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pornpimaon Chayratsami (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Apisak Sindhuphak (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Arshad Abd. Samad (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ismi Arif Ismail (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Jarkko Suhonen (University of Eastern Finland, Finland)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohd Izham (National University of Malaysia)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Patsatraporn Tipyasothorn (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Prasert Kenpankho (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ratchadakorn Polpakdee (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Rosnaini Mahmud (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sirirat Petsangsri (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Suriyan Supapvanich (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Winai Jaikla (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Pissini Mano (KMITL, Thailand)
Asst. Prof. Sunti Tuntrakool (KMITL, Thailand)
Dr. Amirah Ismail (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia)
Dr. Antony Harfield (Naresuan University, Thailand)
Dr. Jirarat Sitthiworachart (KMITL, Thailand)
Dr. Pattraphon Patthararangsarith (KMITL, Thailand)
Dr. Ratree Siripant (KMITL, Thailand)
Dr. Somchai Seviset (KMITL, Thailand)
Dr. Supornchai Saengratwatchara (KMITL, Thailand)
Miss Sanwadee Jareonchasri (KMITL, Thailand)

10. xix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE xv
TABLE OF CONTENTS xix
CONFERENCE PROGRAM xxv
KEYNOTE ADDRESS xxxi
NEW MODELS OF EDUCATIONAL DELIVERY : THE WAY FORWARD K01-01
Prof. Dr. Mike Joy
EDUCATING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : COMPUTATIONAL K02-01
THINKING IN SCIENCE LEARNING
Prof. Dr. Jazlin Ebenezer
SMART EDUCATION NEED SMART INSTRUCTORS K03-01
Prof. Dr. Edward M. Reeve
INITIATIVES THAT HAVE BEEN EXPLORED TO PROVIDE STUDENTS IN K04-01
MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITIES WITH REAL LIFE LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Prof. Dr. Aida Suraya Md. Yunus
THE LIMITAIONS OF THE HEGEMONIC EDUCATION MODEL FOR K05-01
THE NON-WEST
Prof. Dr. Nihal Perera
DELEGATE’S PAPERS
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
FIRST STEPS IN TEACHING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING STEM01-01
THROUGH MOBILE TECHNOLOGY AND ROBOTICS
Titipan PHETSRIKRAN, Wansuree MASSAGRAM and Antony HARFIELD
LEARNING INNOVATION
A LEARNING MANAGEMENT VIA GOOGLE CLASSROOM BASED LIN01-01
ON SELF-DIRECTED TO PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING
OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Kattakamon PISLAE-NGAM, Supeeti KULCHAN,
Oraboot WUTTIKAMONCHAI and Sirirat PETSANGSRI

11. xx
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED TEACHING AND LEARNING LIN02-01
MODEL WITH EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION
USING SOCIAL MEDIA TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ INQUIRIES
IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Chanphakit SEEHAMAT, Paitoon PIMDEE and Chantana VIRIYAVEJAKUL
THE SYNTHESIS OF THE CONCEPTS OF TEACHING THE PRACTICAL LIN03-01
SKILLS OF DAVIES, HARROW AND SIMPSON
Thanarak SANTHUENKAEW, Somkiat TONTIWONGWANICH and Paitoon PIMDEE
EDUCATION REFORM
TEACHING COMPETENCY OF INDUSTRIAL TEACHERS IN ERE01-01
THE 21st CENTURY BASED ON EXPERTS’ OPINIONS
Kritsana THONGKAM, Amnart TUNGJAROENCHAI and Phadungchai PUPAT
NEED ASSESSMENT FOR TEACHER PROFESSIONAL’S ERE02-01
ATTRIBUTE OF STUDENTS FACULTY OF EDUCATION
YALA RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Nannam BUAKLAY, Amnart TUNGJAROENCHAI,
Phadungchai PUPAT and Lertlak KLINHOM
A DEVELOPMENT OF META-EVALUATION CRITERIA ERE03-01
FOR INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE
Wittaya SAWATLON, Krissana KIDDEE and Thanin RATANAOLARN
THE OPINIONS OF DEPUTY DIRECTORS FOR ACADEMY AND ERE04-01
TEACHERS TOWARDS A SKILL PROMOTING CURRICULUM
ON AND INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FOR
CERTIFICATE VOCATIONAL STUDENTS
Pongsuwat SERMSIRIKARNJANA and Krissana KIDDEE
LEARNING OPPORTUNITY
THE STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC VARIABLES THAT LOP01-01
AFFECT THE VALUE OF EXPORT
Surang BOONYAPONGCHAI, Nassaporn TICHAWANICH,
Jakrit TICHAVANICH and Parawee SRIKAN
TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES
THE VALIDATION OF THE MEASUREMENT MODEL OF THE TLS01-01
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS
Oranit CHOKCHAI and Phadungchai PUPAT

12. xxi
DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS LEARNING CURRICULUM TO DEVELOP TLS02-01
HUMAN RESOURCES THROUGH WEB-BASED COLLABORATIVE
LEARNING TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE WITH TECHNOLOGY
AND COMMUNICATION EDUCATION
Parinya SRISARAKHAM, Paitoon PIMDEE and Chantana VIRIYAVEJAKUL
PERFORMANCE BASED LEARNING
INVESTIGATING ICT COMPETENCIES FOR UNDERGRADUATE PBL01-01
STUDENTS AT NAKHON SI THAMMARAT RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY
Thamasan SUWANROJ, Punnee LEEKITCHWATANA and Paitoon PIMDEE
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
MODERNIZED LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS FOR PRIVATE TVE01-01
VOCATIONAL COLLEGE ADMINISTRATORS
Thunkarn AKARADECHDECHA, Malai TAWISOOK and Chira HONGRADAROM
SYNTHESIS OF ENTERPRISE OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING TVE02-01
COMPETENCIES IN DUAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING STUDENT
PROGRAM: MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY
Somchat BOONSRI, Phadungchai PUPAT and Peerawut SUWANJAN
INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM DESIGN
A PILOT STUDY OF A LEARNING CONTENT MANAGEMENT ISD01-01
SYSTEM ON SPORT SCIENCE BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVISM
FOR NINTH GRADE STUDENTS AT WAT TIPPAWAS SCHOOL,
BANGKOK, THAILAND
Aime-acha SILAMUT, Pornpob CHANKRAIPON, Sirirat PETSANGSRI
and Somkiat TUNTIWONGWANICH
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING ISD02-01
ENVIRONMENT ON THE PRIME NUMBER
FOR GRADE 6 STUDENTS
Prarichart RUENPHONGPHUN, Jutaporn CHARDNARUMAN,
Natchanun SERMSRI and Sirirat PETSANGSRI
THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED INSTRUCTION ON ISD03-01
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY ON BASIC PROGRAMMING
FOR MATHAYOMSUKSA 3 STUDENTS
Pairoj Pasuwan, Nattawut Phurikultong, Boonlue Klumklo
and Somkiat Tuntwongwanich
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT
STUDY OF COMPONENT LEVELS OF CREATIVE ACADEMIC EMA01-01
ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDHOOD UNDER THE OFFICE OF
THE BASIC EDUCATION COMMISSION
Luckana PENGRUCK, Kanchana BOONPHAK and Boonchan SISAN

13. xxii
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM MODEL SUPPORTING EMA02-01
THE QUALITY ASSURANCE OF SCHOOLS IN THAILAND
Daoprakai RASO, Pariyaporn TUNGKUNANAN and Abhichat ANUKULWECH
THE DESIGN OF AN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION EMA03-01
SYSTEM FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE PROGRAM
IN COMPUTER EDUCATION
Eakphisitdha Uttra, Wannakarn Boonyok and Jirarat Sitthiworachart
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS: EMA04-01
AIMING TO IMPROVE UNDERGRADUATE COMPUTER
EDUCATION STUDENTS
Nipaporn KHAMCHAROEN and Thiyaporn KANTATHANAWAT
ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION AND DESIGN
A STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF JOURNEY LINKS IN AED01-01
THE WORLD HERITAGE AREAS OF HISTORICAL DISTRICTS:
SUKHOTHAI, SI SATCHANALAI, KAMPHAENGPHET
Surasak Kangkhao and Chaturong Louhapensang
DIFFERENCES IN DRAWING RESULTS BETWEEN DRAWING AED02-01
ON SMARTPHONES OR TABLET DEVICES VERSUS DRAWING
WITH STUDIO TOOLS
Chananchida YUKTIRAT, Apisak SINDHUPHAK and Krissana KIDDEE
CONCEPTS IN THE DESIGN OF CULTURAL TOYS AED03-01
Sittisak RATTANAPRAPAWAN, Apisak SINDHUPHAK and Krissana KIDDEE
THE SYMBOLIC SELECTION OF THE FACULTY LOGOS OF AED04-01
ASSUMPTION UNIVERSITY, THAILAND
Khonteeneung SAENGHIRUNA, Krissana KIDDEE and Apisak SINDHUPHAK
THE MEANING OF FACULTY EMBLEM: ASSUMPTION AED05-01
UNIVERSITY OF THAILAND
Khonteeneung SAENGHIRUNA, Apisak SINDHUPHAK and Krissana KIDDEE
STUDY ON LEARNING PROCESS AND ASSESSMENT OF AED06-01
PROBLEMS IN THE ART OF DRAWING THROUGH
THE USE OF SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS
Chananchida YUKTIRAT, Apisak SINDHUPHAK and Krissana KIDDEE
THE SYMBOLIC ARTS IN BUDDHIST LITERATURES AED07-01
ON THE HIMMAPAN CREATURES: MULTICULTURAL
CASE STUDIES OF THAILAND, MYANMAR, LAOS
Sittisak RATTANAPRAPAWAN, Apisak SINDHUPHAK and Krissana KIDDEE

14. xxiii
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION
A MODEL OF PERSONALITY AND ITS ANTECEDENT OF SDE01-01
VOCATIONAL STUDENTS IN BANGKOK
Olan KARNCHANAKAS and Charoen SANPAGDI
NEEDS ANALYSIS OF LEARNING AND TEACHING OF SDE02-01
UNDERGRADUATE ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS FROM
THE FACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS OF KING MONGKUT’S
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LADKRABANG
Thai SANTA
AGRICULTURE
INTERNET OF THINGS IN AGRICULTURE: AGR01-01
A CASE STUDY OF SMART DAIRY FARMING IN ONTARIO, CANADA
Poonsri VATE-U-LAN, Donna QUIGLEY and Panicos MASOURAS
OTHERS
THE VALIDATION OF SERVICE QUALITY MODEL OF OPERATING OTH01-01
STAFFS IN SUZUKI MOTOR (THAILAND) CO., LTD.
Pichaipat CHAICHINARAT, Thanin RATANAOLARN and Krissana KIDDEE

15. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
INTERNET OF THINGS IN AGRICULTURE:
A CASE STUDY OF SMART DAIRY FARMING
IN ONTARIO, CANADA
Poonsri VATE-U-LAN, Ed.D.1)
, Donna QUIGLEY, Ph.D.2)
and Panicos MASOURAS, Ph.D.3)
1-2)
Full-time Lecturers
Graduate School of eLearning
Assumption University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
1)
Email: poonsrivtl@au.edu
2)
Email: home196726@hotmail.com
3)
Assistant Professor
Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology
Limassol, Cyprus
Email: panicos.masouras@cytanet.com.cy
ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to report a case study of smart dairy farming in Ontario, Canada
which is the future of food production and ways that advancements related to the Internet of
Things (IoT). It is impacting upon agricultural practice in the form of smart farming. Smart
farming is the practice of intelligent agricultural management based upon technological data
gathering farm practice for the purpose of increased levels of quality, production, and
environmental protection. This paper will illustrate one example whereby partnerships among
the academic world, government agencies and local food producing communities in Canada are
adapting innovative thinking and smart technologies to address the need to implement the more
effective agricultural practice. Food From Thought is a Canadian research project, based upon
high-tech information systems to produce enough food for a growing human population while
sustaining the Earth’s ecosystems. The paper will outline how one dairy farmer in Ontario has
been able to apply smart farming technologies to increase milk production while maintaining the
health of his cattle and preserving the environment. The review of applications of smart farming
in Ontario such as digital tracking for a cow, genomic testing, digitally signaled birth, sensor
driven crop management and data driven dairy production also details in this article.
Keywords: Internet of Things; Dairy Farming; Food From Thought; Smart Farming
AGR01-1

16. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
INTRODUCTION
Scientists have predicted a world food shortage by the year 2050 (Giovannucci et al., 2012).
United Nations projections related to food shortages are based upon a future world population of
9.6 billion. Experts predict that the agricultural sector will need to increase food production by
70 per cent in order to avoid a food shortage catastrophe and its subsequent devastating results
upon human populations. Researchers point to two critical variables which if remain
unaddressed will spell disaster for future generations in terms of the planet’s capacity to feed its
people. Increments in world population growth will place unprecedented demands upon all
stakeholders within the agricultural sector (Guerrini, 2015). Researchers have identified global
environmental trends related to diminishing resources that are critical to the future of agriculture
and horticulture.
Climate change as a consequence of global warming has resulted in a reduction of arable land
and availability of fresh water on a world scale. This pattern is concerning because agriculture
consumes 70 per cent of the planets’ fresh water. Natural phenomena associated with earth’s
ever evolving change process have been altered significantly to the extent that in some regions
of the planet water tables have deepened, the process and rate of desertification has been
escalated, salination levels of underground fresh water resources have risen, and increased runoff
due to flooding has decimated vast regions of agricultural land. The United Nations has
predicted that warmer temperatures have the very real potential to alter natural growth patterns
in plants and animals resulting in interrupted natural cycles of pollination and crop germination
to give examples. Mega storms, drought, pollution, changes in animal reproduction cycles have
the capacity to impact upon food production levels drastically. The agricultural sector is
presently approaching a new threshold which represents a shift towards greater co-operation
among stakeholders who have a role in the food producing industry (The University of Guelph,
2016a).
THE INTERNET OF THINGS DEFINITION
The Internet of Things or ‘IoT’ in short, an important advancement of the Internet is the
spectrum of technology and society. A definition of IoT is not permanent but depending on the
contexts involving with a global infrastructure for the information and communication
technologies. Essentially, human-centered demand is the major effort that influence to innovate
IoT (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic, & Palaniswami, 2013; Shin & Jin Park, 2017). IoT in a smart
environment contexts has been studied and defined as an interconnection system among the
Internet and other sensing and actuating devices which be able to operate information across
various platforms via a unified framework such as cloud computing with seamless information
representation, data analytics, and ubiquitous sensing (Gubbi et al., 2013).
FOOD FROM THOUGHT: A CANADIAN INITIATIVE
Smart farming or what is otherwise referred to as bio-logical farming represents a digital
revolution to increase capacity and quality of agricultural production based upon applications of
sensing technologies that allow food producers to be more “intelligent” and more scientific
through the practice of “precision agriculture” (The University of Guelph, 2016b).
AGR01-2

17. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
The University of Guelph located in Ontario is recognized as a research-based university that is
reputed to be one of Canada’s leaders in the field of agriculture. In June of 2016, the Canadian
federal government awarded Guelph University $76.6 million (CN) to initiate a digital
revolution in sustainable food production. Canada’s investment in the Food From Thought
research project sets as its goal to use high–tech information systems to produce innovative
solutions related to food production in response to future human population projections while
responding to the critical need to protect and sustain the Earth’s ecosystems. Food From
Thought represents a network of global partnerships that include academic institutions,
government agencies, industry and local innovation centers. IBM a major community partner
“shares a vision of Food From Thought; ensuring that we sustainably resiliently and safely
increase production while enhancing ecosystem services and livestock health and welfare using
data-driven approaches” (The University of Guelph, 2016b).
APPLICATIONS OF SMART FARMING IN ONTARIO
Joe Loewith and Sons Ltd. farm, located in Ancaster, Ontario is recognized as a leader in raising
Summitholm Holsteins within Canada’s dairy farming industry (Joe, 2009). This is one of
commercial farms which has over 200 heads. The following are examples provided during an
interview with Carl Loewith a co-owner of Joe Loewith and Sons Ltd. Dairy Farm (Carl, 2016).
The examples illustrate ways that agricultural research and innovative applications of smart
technology are being incorporated into the daily operation of the dairy farm.
Digital Tracking for Each Cow
Figure 1: A cow with digital bracelet
Photo by Quigley (2016a)
AGR01-3

18. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
Figure 2: Graph activity and milk production
Photo by Quigley (2016b)
Advances in sensing technology and agricultural software allow farmers to create individual and
demographic profiles for the dairy herd. Each cow is equipped with a digital bracelet or
pedometer which identifies the Holstein, measures how much milk was produced at each
milking, provides data about the cows’ activity by recording the number of steps per hour,
identifies conductivity levels of the milk which are indicators of the presence of infections or
possible ruptured cells in the udder and the duration period for the udder to be drained (see
Figure 1). The subsequent data is managed by software which allows each cow to be monitored
for its overall health and levels of production in ways that previously were impossible.
Readings that signal changes in the Holstein’s normal patterns allow the farmer to accurately
predict the needs of each cow. The graph, Figure 2 indicates a pattern of change in the cow’s
system. The data from this example identify a combination of low milk in production in blue
with high activity levels in red which signal that the cow is in heat and indicate that it is the ideal
time for the cow to be inseminated (see Figure 2).
From a staff management perspective, the data profiles enable the farmer to supervise and
monitor the effectiveness of employees. Workers who operate the milking equipment and
oversee the milking process are responsible for the cleaning and stimulation of the udders as a
preparation for milking. Changes to the readings over time identify potential health risks to the
cow such as the presence of udder infections. Analysis of the data supports staff in addressing
health risks that potentially threaten the cow’s productivity. In some cases, training needs that
support staff performance can be identified and managed easily so that the health of the cow is
not compromised. Innovations in smart technology greatly support quality assurance of milk
production and staff effectiveness because decisions are implemented through interpretation of
data based upon input from each cow.
During the interview, Carl shared a similar but more sophisticated method of digital
management of cows that currently is not available in Canada. An Israeli dairy farmer uses a
sensing neck collar to monitor his Holsteins. Sensors imbedded in a neck collar are able to pick
up and transmit “noises” that are made by the cow as it digests its feed. Information
communicated via an app to a mobile phone allows the farmer to monitor how each cow is
digesting its feed and feeling in real time. Applications of smart technology have removed the
AGR01-4

19. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
obstacles of distance and time so that from anywhere in the world a farmer can monitor every
cow in the herd. Continued advancements in the field of intelligent dairy farming will be enable
producers to manage larger herds, achieve higher production levels while ensuring the well-
being and health of their herd.
Genomic Testing: Herd Intelligence
Figure 3: Three days old heifer
Photo by Birchall (2015b)
Advances in genetic science and technology have made it possible for dairy farmers to map the
genome of a Holstein calf as early as one day after its birth. A sample of hair or blood can be
used to isolate components of the calf’s Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). The process allows the
farmer to predict with certainty how a heifer will mature to adulthood. Previously a waiting
period of two years was necessary before a heifer could be assessed for its milk producing and
breeding capacity. Applications of DNA testing provide firm indicators regarding the cow’s
future fertility, milk production levels, vulnerability to diseases and indicate the components of
its milk such as percentages of buttermilk fat, protein, and lactose levels. The practice of
artificial insemination of dairy cows added to the capacity to alter and select the structure of the
DNA of males has far reaching implications to the quality of offspring. DNA testing has
improved the effectiveness of the dairy cattle breeding process. Healthier more productive cows
produce higher quality milk which affects operating costs and overall profitability.
A Digitally Signaled Birth
A system of sensing technology and software when connected to a computer or mobile phone
provides the dairy farmer with information alerts when a cow is about to calf. Prior to the cow’s
expected calving date a small sensing device is placed inside the birth canal and has the capacity
to detect and transmit information related to what is happening inside the cow’s body. This
means that should the mother be experiencing distress during any phase of the birthing process
help can be available. Dystocia obstructed labour in cattle occurs when the calf cannot pass
through the birth canal (Patterson, Bellows, Burfening, & Carr, 1987). The mother and calf
become at risk to injury or possible death if assistance from a veterinarian or knowledgeable
individual is not immediately made available. Studies conducted by the experts have shown that
dystocia is responsible for 33 per cent of all calf losses in the United States. The prevalence of
dystocia understandably has serious economic implications for the dairy producing industry. The
losses to a farmer of an adult cow or calf are considerable when factored against projected milk
production and breeding figures over the animal’s lifetime. Veterinary costs to treat injury or
AGR01-5

20. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
death of either the mother or her calf can be greatly reduced when assistance during the calving
process is timely. Smart technology allows large herds to be monitored so that where more than
one cow is calving at the same time resources can be in place to ensure the safe delivery of each
calf.
Sensor Driven Crop Management
Figure 4: GPS –driven crop harvesting equipment
Photo by Birchall (2015a)
A high percentage of dairy farms in Ontario grow their own feed to reduce operating costs.
Innovations in sensing technologies have resulted in improved methods of crop management.
Farmers are now able to apply geospatial sensor technologies such as Global Positioning System
(GPS) applications to manage planting, fertilizing, crop spraying and harvesting with the
outcome of improved crop management and cost-saving practice. Most applications of
agricultural software are compatible with Windows 7/8, Vista or XP and can be downloaded to a
cell phone, tablet or laptop using a UBS cable to connect with a GPS system. The result being
that standard farm equipment can be transformed to function with digital precision capacity.
Digital farming software allows the field to be mapped and worked according to a grid system
which allows the operator to see the field from a 3D perspective. The operator has precision
control and is able to direct fertilizers or chemical sprays in such a way as to cover the entire
field. A GPS-driven crop sprayer
has the capacity to develop a digital record of factors such as date, time of day, area, soil
condition, weather conditions and volume of fertilizer or chemicals that were sprayed.
GPS precision agriculture allows real-time data collection and analysis that is site specific, and
perspective controlled so that fertilizers and pesticides can be worked to reflect the unique
topography of the field. Data provided to the farmer is critical to effective crop management
both in terms of the overall operational costs and from the perspective of preservation and
protection of the environment.
GPS precision agriculture is cost effective because it requires less time to work the field than
traditional methods and because the waste of fertilizer or chemicals is eliminated. GPS precision
technology allows the operator to adjust the boom to match the width of the spray area which
results in no over spraying or missed areas. Challenges that relate to conditions of low visibility
are eliminated because the operator can adjust the spray nozzles to compensate for weather
conditions such as fog, rain or, darkness.
AGR01-6

21. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
Advances in precision agricultural technology have important implications in terms of benefits
related to crop management to a dairy farmer. Specifically, the operator’s control and degree of
precision minimizes damage to the crop, and to fragile ecosystems within the environment.
Data Driven Dairy Production
Figure 5: Healthy dairy cows increase production levels
Photo by Quigley (2016c)
The Independent Milk Research Agency monitors 85,000 dairy herds across Canada. Each
month every farm is visited for the purpose of gathering samples and recording production rates
for the herd. Dairy production statics support research and quality control and are accessible in
both provincial and national data bases that are both current and comprehensive. Information
figures document readings submitted for milk production for each herd according to set criteria
related to, udder health, age at first calving, the longevity of the herd, calving interval in terms of
the number of pregnancies for each cow, and the rate of herd turnover. Each herd then is ranked
against the above criteria. The Joe Loewith and Son’s Ltd. operation has consistently ranked in
third place within this national scale. Carl states that this level of achievement is based on his
family’s dedication to dairy production. The current standard of excellence achieved at this farm
is in fact, a reflection of three generations of commitment towards improvement in dairy farming
methods. He credits not only the team approach of his family partners but also the importance of
community-based experts, publications, and networks that support advancement within the diary
production industry. Gone are the days when dairy farmers are problem-solving in isolation
(Ontario, Milk Marketing Board, 2016). The advent of the Internet and applications of smart
farming technology allows the herd to be digitally monitored for quality control within the
broader context of the dairy industry.
In Canada, an extensive network of agents exists to support advancements in dairy herd
management. Carl sited his veterinarian, feed nutritionist, and crop consultant and genetics
advisor as first line partners in his commitment to keep up with smart technologies that support
the health and production levels of the herd.
AGR01-7

22. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
SUMMARY
The future of agriculture is dependent upon strong partnerships between all stakeholders in the
food producing industry. Developments related to agricultural research and intelligent
technology must continue to advance in the fields of genetics, breeding, crop management,
conservation and environmental protection as a strategy to develop solutions to the ever
increasing challenge of feeding the planet. The impacts from Internet of Things (IoT) upon
agricultural development in the form of smart farming in Ontario, Canada should be an
interesting case study to other similar future of food production especially the ways that
advancements related to smart farming. A case study in this current paper presents the
implementation of intelligent agricultural management based upon technological data gathering
farm practice for the purpose of increased levels of quality, production, and environmental
protection. The innovative research integrate advanced technology in agriculture is on high
demand especially in the top agricultural countries. The phenomenal of the Internet of Things
(IoT) in agriculture is significant to ecosystems of the world since the smart technology can
increase both quality and quantity of agricultural production.
REFERENCES
Birchall, G. (2015a). GPS –driven crop harvesting equipment. Kimberly Information Services
Ltd. 36 Secinara Ave. Ancaster Ontario, Canada.
Birchall, G. (2015b). Three day old calf. Kimberly Information Services Ltd. 36 Secinara Ave.
Ancaster Ontario, Canada.
Carl, L. (2016, October 18). Applications of Smart Farming in the Dairy Business by Co-owner
and Manager of Joe Loewith and Sons Ltd.
Giovannucci, D., Scherr, S. J., Nierenberg, D., Hebebrand, C., Shapiro, J., Milder, J., &
Wheeler, K. (2012). Food and Agriculture: The Future of Sustainability. SSRN Electronic
Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2054838
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision,
architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7),
1645–1660. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X13000241
Guerrini, F. (2015). The Future of Agriculture? Smart Farming. Forbes.
Joe, L. (2009). Joe Loewith and Sons Ltd. Summitholm Holsteins. Retrieved from
http://www.joeloewithandsons.com/
Ontario, Milk Marketing Board. (2016, October). Problem Solving on the Farm. Canada’s Best
Read Dairy Magazine, 34–35.
Patterson, D. J., Bellows, R. A., Burfening, P. J., & Carr, J. B. (1987). Occurrence of neonatal
and postnatal mortality in range beef cattle. I. Calf loss incidence from birth to weaning,
backward and breech presentations and effects of calf loss on subsequent pregnancy rate of
dams. Theriogenology, 28(5), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(87)90273-1
Quigley, D. (2016a). Activity levels and milk production rates.
Quigley, D. (2016b). Digital bracelet at Joe Loewith and Son’s Ltd.
Quigley, D. (2016c). Healthy dairy cows increase production levels at Joe Loewith and Son’s
Ltd.
Shin, D.-H., & Jin Park, Y. (2017). Understanding the Internet of Things ecosystem: multi-level
analysis of users, society, and ecology. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 19(1),
77–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-07-2016-0035
AGR01-8

23. The 15th
International Conference on Developing Real-Life Learning Experience:
Smart Education for Sustainable Development
The University of Guelph. (2016a, September 8). Food From Thought [Video]. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La7Xi65RyFo
The University of Guelph. (2016b, September 8). U of G Receives Nearly $77 Million to Launch
“Food From Thought.” Retrieved from http://news.uoguelph.ca/2016/09/u-g-receives-nearly-77-
million-launch-food-thought/
AGR01-9