Computer Programming - Lecture 1

TCP1231 Computer Programming I

FIST
Multimedia University

Computer Programming I 1

Academicians
Lecturers
Dr. Md Shohel Sayeed
ITB R 2003
Ext 3296
Dr. Cheah Wooi Ping For consultation hour,
ITB R 2002 please refer to the
Ext 3315/4113 FIST’s website


Notes
Attendance… 80% no compromise
Read slides… before come to the class
Plagiarism… I know all your code
Exercise… you have to do a LOT
Problem… come to see me


Objectives
To help students achieve a reasonable level
of competence in both problem solving and
writing computer programs using C++
programming language.
To encourage students to appreciate the
value of adopting good programming style
and taking a structured modular approach
to the design of programs.


Skills expected to be acquired
Problem solving and software development
using C++ language
The use of a range of software tools and
packages (compiler, development
environment, debugger, word processor)
Practical skills in an operating system
environment (Windows) and the use of the
internet and online resources


Course Outline
Lec1 – Introduction to computing and programming
Lec2 – Algorithms and Problem Solving
Lec3 – C++ Basics (Part I)
Lec4 – C++ Basics (Part II)
Lec5 – More Flow of Control
Lec6 – Procedural Abstraction (function part 1)
Lec7 – Modular Design and functions (functions part 2)
+ Namespaces and separate compilation
Lec8 – Arrays
Lec9 – Introduction to Classes and Structures
Lec10 – Array & Strings & Vectors
Lec11 – Pointers
Lec12 – Pointers and Dynamic Arrays
Lec12 – I/O Streams and Files


Coursework and Examinations
Final Exam (40%)
Coursework (60%)
20% Lab Test (20%)
20% Assignments (5%+15%)
There will be 2 interviews for Assignment 1 & 2 .
20% Mid-Term Test (20%)


Resources
 Textbook
 Walter Savitch, 2012, Problem Solving with C++
(Eighth Edition), Addison Wesley
 Reference
 Frank L. Friedman, “Problem Solving, Abstraction,
and Design Using C++”, Sixth Edition, Pearson
 Deitel, C++ How to Program(Fifth Edition), Pearson
 Horstmann, Budd, “Big C++”, 2nd Edition, Wiley
 Tony Graddis, Barret Krupnow, Starting Out with C+
+, Addison Wesley


Integrated Development Environment
(IDE)


Lecture 1
Introduction
to
Computers & Programming


Overview
 Computer systems
 Programming languages
 Compiler
 Linker


Computer System
 A computer program is…
 A set of instructions for a computer to follow

 Computer software is …
 The collection of programs used by a computer
• Includes:
» Editors
» Translators
» System Managers


Hardware
 Three main classes of computers

 PCs (Personal Computer)
• Relatively small used by one person at a time

 Workstation
• Larger and more powerful than a PC

 Mainframe
• Still larger
• Requires support staff
• Shared by multiple users


Computer Organization


Computer Organization
 Five main components
1) Input devices
– Allows communication to the computer
1) Output devices
– Allows communication to the user
1) Processor (CPU)
2) Main memory
– Memory locations containing the running program
1) Secondary memory
– Permanent record of data often on a disk


Computer Memory
 Main Memory
 Long list of memory locations
• Each contains zeros and ones
• Can change during program execution
 Binary Digit or Bit
• A digit that can only be zero or one
 Byte
• Each memory location has eight bits
 Address
• Number that identifies a memory location

Secondary Memory
 Main memory stores instructions and
data while a program is running.
 Secondary memory
 Stores instructions and data between sessions
 A file stores data or instructions in
secondary memory


Memory Access
 Random Access
 Usually called RAM
• Computer can directly access any memory location

 Sequential Access
 Data is generally found by searching through
other items first
• More common in secondary memory


The Processor
 Typically called the CPU
 Central Processing Unit
 Follows program instructions
 Typical capabilities of CPU include:

add
subtract
multiply
divide
move data from location to location


Computer Software
 The operating system
 Allows us to communicate with the computer
 Is a program
 Allocates the computer’s resources
 Responds to user requests to run other
programs

 Common operating systems include…
 UNIX Linux DOS
Windows Macintosh VMS

High-level Languages
 Common programming languages include …

C C++ Java Pascal Visual Basic FORTRAN
COBOL Lisp Scheme Ada

 These high – level languages
 Resemble human languages
 Are designed to be easy to read and write
 Use more complicated instructions than
the CPU can follow
 Must be translated to zeros and ones for the CPU
to execute a program


Low-level Languages
 An assembly language command such as

ADD X Y Z

might mean add the values found at x and y
in memory, and store the result in location z.

 Assembly language must be translated to
machine language (zeros and ones)
0110 1001 1010 1011
 The CPU can follow machine language


Programming Languages
 Various programming languages enable
people to tell computers what to do
 Foundation for developing applications


 Machine Language (first generation)
 The computer’s ‘native language’
 Composed of binary digits (0s, 1s)
 Eg. 0110 1001 1010 1011
 The only language that computers understand
 Assembly Language (second generation)
 One-to-one correspondence to machine language
 Somewhat more user-friendly than machine
language (mnemonic rather than binary digits)
 Eg. ADD X Y Z
 Assembler – program that translates an assembly
language program into machine language


 Procedural Languages (third generation)
 One instruction translates into many machine
language instructions
 Programs describe the computer’s processing
step-by-step
 Closer to natural language; uses common words
rather than abbreviated mnemonics
 Examples: C, C++, Java, Fortran, QuickBasic
 Compiler - translates the entire program at once
 Interpreter - translates and executes one source
program statement at a time


 Nonprocedural Languages (fourth generation)
 Allows the user to specify the desired result without
having to specify the detailed procedures needed
for achieving the result
Example: – database query language - SQL
Can be used by non technical users
 Natural Language Programming Languages
(fifth generation (intelligent) languages)
 Translates natural languages into a structured,
machine-readable form
 Are extremely complex and experimental


Current Programming Languages
 Object-Oriented Programming Languages (OOP)
 based on objects – packaging data and the
instructions about what to do with that data together
 Examples: Java, C++

 Visual Programming Languages
 Used within a graphical environment
 Examples : Visual Basic and Visual C++
 Popular to non technical users.


Current Programming Languages
 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
 standard language used in World Wide Web
 contains text, images, and other types of
information such as data files, audio, video, and
executable computer programs
 Extensible Markup Language (XML)
 Improved on web document functionality
 Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
 a file format for describing three-dimensional
(3D) interactive worlds and objects
 can be used with the World Wide Web

Compilers
 Translate high-level language to
machine language

 Source code
• The original program in a high level language
 Object code
• The translated version in machine language


Linkers
 Some programs we use are already compiled
 Their object code is available for us to use
 For example: Input and output routines

 A Linker combines
 The object code for the programs we write
and
 The object code for the pre-compiled routines
into
 The machine language program the CPU can run


Computer Programming - Lecture 1

More Related Content

What's hot

Viewers also liked

Similar to Computer Programming - Lecture 1

More from Dr. Md. Shohel Sayeed

Recently uploaded

Computer Programming - Lecture 1