This presentation is about international trade law, history of international trade and today's situation in this direction.

1. International Trading
International Black Sea University
Legal Environment of Business
Business Management Faculty ,
By: Nino Bazhunaishvili

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International trade
International trade law
Overview
Lex mercatoria & Lex maritima
WTO - Scope of WTO
Principles of WTO
Largest countries by total international trade
Importance of international trade
INCOTERMS in international trade
Rules for any modes of transport
Rules for sea and inland waterway transport
Allocations of costs buyer/seller according to Incoterms
2010

3. International trade - Is the
exchange of capital, goods
and services across
international borders.

4. Industrialization
Advanced
transportation
Multinational
corporation

5. • International trade law
includes the appropriate rules
and customs for handling trade
between countries.
• This branch of law is now an
independent field of study as
most governments has become
part of the world trade, as
members of the (WTO).

6. • International trade law should be
distinguished from the broader field
of International economic law.
The body of rules for transnational trade
derives from medieval commercial laws
Lex marcatoria
Lex maritima

7. • International Trade Law is an aggregate of
legal rules of “international legislation” and
new lex mercatoria, regulating relations in
international trade.
• .“International legislation” –
treaties and acts of international
intergovernmental organizations regulating
relations in international trade.

9. In 1995, the World
Trade Organization, a
formal international
organization to
regulate trade, was
established. It is the
most important
development in the
history of
international trade
law.

10. Scope of WTO
a) provide framework for administration
and implementation of agreements;
b) forum for further negotiations;
c) trade policy review mechanism and
d) promote greater coherence among
members economics policies

11. • (a) principle of non-discrimination (mostfavoured-nation treatment obligation and the
national treatment obligation)
• (b) market access (reduction of tariff and nontariff barriers to trade)
• (c) balancing trade liberalisation and other
societal interests
• (d) harmonisation of national regulation
(TRIPS agreement, TBT agreement, SPS
agreement)

12. International
Rank
Country
Trade of Goods
(Billions of USD)
-
World
Date of
information
36,534.0
2012 est.
- European Union
4,468.6
2012 est.
1 United States
3,882.4
2012 est.
2 China
3,866.9
2012 est.

13. 3 Germany
2,575.7
2012 est.
4 Japan
1,684.4
2012 est.
5 Netherlands
1,247.4
2012 est.
6 France
1,243.9
2012 est.
United
7
Kingdom
1,149.4
2012 est.
8 South Korea
1,067.5
2012 est.
986.9
2012 est.
947.9
2012 est.
9 Italy
10 Hong Kong

14. 11 Canada
917.3
2012 est.
12 Belgium
882.0
2012 est.
13 Russia
864.7
2012 est.
14 Singapore
788.1
2012 est.
15 India
779.4
2012 est.
16 Mexico
751.4
2012 est.
17 Spain
624.9
2012 est.
18 Taiwan
571.8
2012 est.
19 Saudi Arabia
529.8
2012 est.
20 Australia
518.2
2012 est.

16. Rank
Country
-
World
International
Trade of Services
(Billions of USD)
Date of
information
8,452.6
2012 est.
- European Union
1,465.8
2012 est.
1 United States
1,019.7
2012 est.
2 Germany
539.7
2012 est.
3 China
471.0
2012 est.
4 United Kingdom
453.9
2012 est.
5 France
379.2
2012 est.
6 Japan
313.4
2012 est.
7 India
272.8
2012 est.
8 Singapore
9 Spain
250.1
229.3
2012 est.
2012 est.
10 South Korea
214.2
2012 est.
11 Italy
209.1
2012 est.

17. • Primary means of realizing the benefits of
globalization
• Continuing reallocation of manufacturing
activities.
• Intertwined with another elements of
globalization
• Trade supported by WTO that creating a
commercial environment more conductive to
the multilateral exchange of goods and
services.

18. • INCOTERMS are designed to create a
bridge between different members of
the industry by acting as a uniform
language they can use. The
Incoterms® rules are an internationally
recognized standard and are used
worldwide in international and
domestic contracts for the sale of
goods. First published in 1936,
Incoterms® rules provide
internationally accepted definitions
and rules of interpretation for most
common commercial terms.

21. RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND
WATERWAY TRANSPORT
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FAS Free Alongside Ship
FOB Free On Board
CFR Cost and Freight
CIF Cost, Insurance and
Freight

22. Allocations of costs buyer/seller
according to Incoterms 2010
Export
Incoter Custo
m
ms
2010 declar
ation
Carria
ge to
port of
export
Unloa
ding of
truck
in port
of
export
Loadin
g
charge
s in
port of
export
Carria
ge
(Sea
Freigh
t/Air
Freigh
t) to
port of
import
Unloa
ding
charge
s in
port of
import
Loadin
g on
truck
in port
of
import
Carria
Import
ge to
place Insura custo Import
ms
nce cleara taxes
of
destin
nce
ation
EXW
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Buyer Buyer
FCA
Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Buyer Buyer
FAS
Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Buyer Buyer
FOB
Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer
Buyer Buyer

23. ExportUnloadi
Custom Carriag ng of
e to truck in
Incoter
s
m 2010 declara port of port of
export export
tion
Loadin
g
charge
s in
port of
export
Carriag
e (Sea
Freight/
Air
Freight)
to port
of
import
Unloadi
ng
charge
s in
port of
import
Loadin Carriag
Import
e to
g on
custom Import
truck in place Insuran
s
ce
of
port of destina
clearan taxes
import
ce
tion
CFR
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer
Buyer Buyer
CIF
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Seller Buyer Buyer
CPT
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
CIP
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Buyer Buyer
DAT
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Buyer Buyer
DAP
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Buyer Buyer
DDP
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Seller Seller
Buyer Buyer

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http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/short_term_stats_e.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade#Largest_countries_by_total_i
nternational_trade
http://www.fita.org/webindex/browse.cgi/International_Trade_Lawyers_and_R
esources/International_Trade_Law
http://www.worldtradelaw.net/
http://www.uncitral.org/
http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/procurem/ml-procurement/mlprocure.pdf
http://www.lawyers-greece.co.uk/incoterms.html
http://www.foreign-trade.com/reference/incoterms.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoterms
http://www.iccwbo.org/products-and-services/trade-facilitation/incoterms2010/
http://www.iccwbo.org/products-and-services/trade-facilitation/incoterms2010/the-incoterms-rules/
http://www.acegroup.com/us-en/businesses/incoterms.aspx