The document discusses internal public offerings (IPOs), including:
- A brief history of early public companies and the first modern IPO by the Dutch East India Company in 1602.
- An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of going public for a private company.
- An outline of the typical IPO process including selecting an underwriter, filing registration statements, pricing shares, and distributing funds.
- Descriptions of some notable biggest IPO fails and successes in history by companies like Facebook, Pets.com, and General Motors.
- A calendar of anticipated IPOs in 2013 for companies like Square, Tableau Software, and Twitter.
The Initial Public Offering (IPO), Why do companies go public, Mergers and acquisitions, Expensive, Reporting responsibilities, Loss of control,Private Placement.
VENTURECAPITAL FINANCING
- By Dr. Ratna Sinha, Associate Professor, ISBR Business School, Bangalore
Venture capital funding is one of the important options for entrepreneurs to secure funding. Venture capital (VC) means risk capital. The risk envisaged may be very high or may be so high as to result in total loss or very less so as to result in high gains. This 35 slides power point presentation on Venture Capital Financing explains how the Venture Capital Funds are organized. The other objectives of the presentation intended to provide students with the terminology of VC and knowledge of the key industry facts. This presentation help to understand types of venture capital funds, mode of operations and industry- standard technique for the valuation of VC investments.
The Initial Public Offering (IPO), Why do companies go public, Mergers and acquisitions, Expensive, Reporting responsibilities, Loss of control,Private Placement.
VENTURECAPITAL FINANCING
- By Dr. Ratna Sinha, Associate Professor, ISBR Business School, Bangalore
Venture capital funding is one of the important options for entrepreneurs to secure funding. Venture capital (VC) means risk capital. The risk envisaged may be very high or may be so high as to result in total loss or very less so as to result in high gains. This 35 slides power point presentation on Venture Capital Financing explains how the Venture Capital Funds are organized. The other objectives of the presentation intended to provide students with the terminology of VC and knowledge of the key industry facts. This presentation help to understand types of venture capital funds, mode of operations and industry- standard technique for the valuation of VC investments.
Secondary Market, Primary Vs Secondary, Stock Exchanges, Listing of Securities, Trading Systems in Stock exchanges, Qualifications of Listing,Delisting, Orders, types of Orders,
There are many ways a company can go public on the equities markets. Learn the difference between a traditional IPO and APO (alternative public offering) from Charms Investments.
Secondary Market, Primary Vs Secondary, Stock Exchanges, Listing of Securities, Trading Systems in Stock exchanges, Qualifications of Listing,Delisting, Orders, types of Orders,
There are many ways a company can go public on the equities markets. Learn the difference between a traditional IPO and APO (alternative public offering) from Charms Investments.
Examines how the proliferation of exchange-traded funds, which undermine the traditional price discovery role of exchanges, is deterring growth company initial public offerings. Critiques the Securities Exchange Commission's views and recommends reforms.
My notes from the event that discussed the trend of FinTechs moving into the public markets
The event page: https://www.altfi.com/events/altfi-fintech-investor-forum
Going Public - Direct Public Offerings and Initial Public Offerings.pdfBrenda Hamilton
A Direct Public Offering (“DPO”) like an Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) eliminates many of the risks and expenses associated with reverse mergers into public shell companies. Issuers going public using a DPO also have fewer hurdles to obtaining electronic trading from Depository Trust Company (“DTC”).
Describe an initial public offering for a global firm (Red Bull). 15.pdfalshaikhkhanzariarts
Describe an initial public offering for a global firm (Red Bull). 150 - 200 words with reference
A discussion of some of the risks involved in the public offering and how the securities laws deal
with them
Please do not plagiarize. Only original work needed.
Solution
Initial public offering(IPO)
Initial public offering (IPO) is a public offering in which shares or stock of a company are sold to
institutional investors that in turn, sell to the general public, on a security exchange, for the first
time. A company selling shares is never required to repay the capital to its public investors. After
the IPO, when shares trade freely in the open market, money passes between public investors.
Initial public offerings are mostly used by companies to raise the expansion of capital, possibly
to monetize the investments of early private investors, and to become publicly traded enterprises.
Risks involved in the public offering and how the securities laws deal with them
There are many risks involved in IPO. Many companies that are going public for the first time
are new. Therefore, when one invests in public offering stocks they are sharing the risks of the
company. If the company goes under, the investor can stand the chance of losing his or her
investment .Initial public offering (IPO) may be a risky investment because of the following
reason
How the securities laws deal with them
The SEC does not regulate how the business decisions and how IPO shares are allocated(\"U.S.
Securities And Exchange Commission\", 2014). However, once a company decides to go public,
they must register with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
At the time of the registration process they provide information regarding their financial state
and business operations. In addition to federal securities law, a company may also have to
comply with state securities laws, also known as \"blue sky\" laws (Inc., 2014).
Foreign Exchange Risks a Company Can Face and How to Mitigate Them Like any investment,
either buying or selling, there are inherent risks involved. The foreign exchange risk incorporates
not only the inflation of the parent country, but the inflation, economic stability, and political
standings of the foreign countries. The initial evaluation of any risk is to identify the source of
the risk and then find a way to minimize it..
This presentation is solution of the case 12th from the book "cases in financial management" by joseph m. sulock and John S. Dunkelberg.
( If u study in IBSU and taking George Simongulashvili's course :)) I hope it will help u very much whatever use it well... :)))
P.S this presentation was scored by 100 ^_^
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Contents
History
Reasons for Listing
1.
2.
Advantages
Disadvantages
1.
2.
3.
4.
Advance Planning
Pricing of IPO
Quiet period
Delivery of shares
Procedure
5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
Largest IPOs in History
2013 IPO Calendar
3.
4. IPO
An initial public offering (IPO) is the process through
which a privately held company issues shares of stock to
the public for the first time. Also known as "going public,"
an IPO transforms a small business from a privately owned
and operated entity into one that is owned by public
stockholders.
In an IPO, the issuer obtains the assistance of an
underwriting firm, which helps it determine what type
of security to issue (common or preferred), the best
offering price and the time to bring it to market.
5. HISTORY
The earliest form of a company which issued public
shares was the publicani during the Roman Republic
There is evidence that these shares were sold to public
investors and traded in a type of over-the-counter market
in the Forum, near the Temple of Castor and Pollux . The
shares fluctuated in value, encouraging the activity of
speculators, or quaestors.
6. HISTORY(CONT)
In March 1602 the “Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
(VOC), or Dutch east Indian company was formed.
• The VOC was the first modern company to issue public
shares, and it is this issuance, at the beginning of the 17th
century, that is considered the first modern IPO.
• The company had an original paid-up share capital of
6,424,588 guilders.
• Each share was worth 3000 guilders (roughly equivalent
to US 1500$).
In the United States, the first IPO was the public offering
of Bank of north America around 1783
7. ADVANTAGES
When a company lists its securities on a public exchange, the
money paid by the investing public for the newly issued shares
goes directly to the company (primary offering) as well as to any
early private investors who opt to sell all or a portion of their
holdings (secondary offering) as part of the larger IPO.
An IPO accords several benefits to the previously private
company:
Enlarging and diversifying equity base
Enabling cheaper access to capital
Increasing exposure, prestige, and public image
Attracting and retaining better management and employees
through liquid equity participation
Facilitating acquisitions (potentially in return for shares of stock)
Creating multiple financing opportunities: equity, convertible
debt, cheaper bank loans, etc.
8. DISADVANTAGES
There are several disadvantages to completing an
initial public offering:
Significant legal, accounting and marketing costs, many of
which are ongoing
Requirement to disclose financial and business information
Meaningful time, effort and attention required of senior
management
Risk that required funding will not be raised
Public dissemination of information which may be useful to
competitors, suppliers and customers.
Loss of control and stronger agency problems due to new
shareholders
9. Procedure
4. Throughout the
3.
2. To assemble
an underwriting
team
1. To select the
underwriter
•Consisting of attorneys
•Independent of
•Best Effort
•Financial printer
•Firm commitment
•All or non
•Bought deal
accountants
prepare an initial
registration
statement
according to SEC
regulations
SEC review
company also
begins making
controlled efforts to
market the
offering.
After a successful offering, the
underwriter meets with all parties to
distribute the funds and settle all
expenses. At that time the transfer
agent is given authorization to forward
the securities to the new owners.
10. PRICING IPO
A company planning an IPO typically appoints a lead manager,
known as a bookrunner, to help it arrive at an appropriate price
at which the shares should be issued. There are two primary
ways in which the price of an IPO can be determined. Either the
company, with the help of its lead managers, fixes a price
("fixed price method"), or the price can be determined through
analysis of confidential investor demand data compiled by the
bookrunner.
The effect of "initial underpricing" an IPO is to generate
additional interest in the stock when it first becomes publicly
traded.
The danger of overpricing is also an important consideration. If
a stock is offered to the public at a higher price than the market
will pay, the underwriters may have trouble meeting their
commitments to sell shares.
11. QUIET PERIOD
• Under American securities law, there are two time
windows commonly referred to as "quiet periods" during
an IPO's history. The first and the one linked above is the
period of time following the filing of the company's S-1 but
before SEC staff declare the registration statement
effective.
• In terms of an IPO, the period where an issuer is subject
to a SEC ban on promotional publicity. The quiet period
usually lasts either 40 or 90 days from the IPO.
12. DELIVERY OF SHARES
For most small businesses, the decision to go public is
made gradually over time as changes in the company's
performance and capital needs make an IPO seem more
desirable and necessary. But many companies still fail to
bring their plans to sell stock to completion due to a lack of
planning.
13. 5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
1.
In 2012, Mark Zuckerberg launched Facebook in a $16 billion
IPO. Initially the company had filed for a $5 billion IPO and the
company had been valued at $104 billion
Each share was worth $38
Shares struggled to keep their head above water on the
opening of trading on May 18th, but surprisingly there were 460
million shares changing hands and that was the largest ever
trading volume for an IPO.
Today Facebook has a stock value
of $24.33.
14. 5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
2.
eToys wasn’t always a dismal failure. It was
once at the top of the toy market, competing with
Toys ‘R’ us and the others and giving as good as
they could get.
The prices of a share should have been
somewhere around the $10-$12-mark on opening
in 1999. But, the final offering ended up at $20.
The IPO OF eToys, at the time, was the fifthbiggest debut in history, giving a start-up with
just $35 million in revenue a bigger market
capitalization than Toys 'R' Us, which at the time
had $11 billion in sales.
15. 5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
3.
Pets.com is another one that rolled over
and died with its legs in the air. It opened
shop in 1998 and lasted just over two
years.
It raised $82 million for its IPO and
shares were at $14.
16. 5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
4.
Vonage is a voice-over IP network. It still exists
and is one of the few that managed to scrape
through even though it hit rock bottom. It went
public in 2006 at a share price of $17. It dropped by
over $23% in just that first day and ended up at $13.
The IPO raised $531 million for the company
17. 5 Biggest IPO Fails in History
5.
LastMinute.com is still around too, but only by being
bought up itself at the last minute by Travelcity in 2005.
LastMinute.com is specialized in anything that you can buy
at the last minute from cheap airline tickets to the theatre
tickets for the show you always wanted to see. At its peak it
had 500, 000 visitors per day.
share price of 380p on the London Stock Exchange valued
the company at £571 million. Shares rose by 28% on that
first day to 511p.
18. Largest IPOs
#10: Bank of China (PINK:BACHY) isn’t even
listed on a major U.S. exchange, but its 2006 IPO
topped $11.2 billion. As the name implies, it’s a
massive China financial operation
#9: Deutsche Telekom (PINK:DTEGY) is
another pink sheet powerhouse that offered stock
elsewhere and not on major U.S. exchanges.
Proceeds from the 1996 IPO topped $12.5 billion
at the time. If adjusted for inflation, this IPO
would be even higher up the list, too.
19. Largest IPOs
#8: Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NYSE:NTT) is now
offered as an ADR, or American Depositary Receipt, for
domestic investors. But at the time of its 1987 IPO, the company
wasn’t available on the NYSE. Nippon raised $13.7 billion (not
adjusting for inflation)
#7: Enel (PINK:ENLAY) is a former nationalized energy
company in Italy, which has never been listed on U.S.
exchanges. Proceeds from the 1999 IPO total $16.6 billion.
#6: NTT DoCoMo (NYSE:DCM) is one of Japan’s leading
providers of mobile and data services. Shares went public in
Tokyo back in 1998, raising $18.1 billion (not adjusted for
inflation). Shares weren’t available as ADRs until years later
20. Largest IPOs
#5: Visa (NYSE:V) finally places an American IPO on the list.
The payment processor was the last big IPO before the market
for public offerings went into hibernation due to the financial
crisis. In 2008, Visa raised $19.7 billion with its IPO.
#4: American International Assurance, or AIA, is a major
insurance company based in Hong Kong. It once was a division
of bailout target American International Group (NYSE:AIG)
but was spun off in part to satisfy debts. The proceeds of the
AIA IPO were $20.5 billion in 2010.
21. Largest IPOs
#3: Industrial and Commercial Bank of
China (PINK:IDCBY) is another big Chinese financial outfit
that doesn’t trade on major domestic exchanges. The 2006
IPO of this bank raised $21 billion through simultaneous
listings on both the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Shanghai
Stock Exchange to tally the largest IPO in history at the time.
#2: Agricultural Bank of China topped this previous IPO,
however, in 2010 with the largest IPO in history … again, at
the time anyway. The tally was a total $22.1 billion in
proceeds.
22. Largest IPOs
#1: General Motors (NYSE:GM) might surprise you as the
top IPO in history. The $23.1 billion public offering of GM
stock back in 2010 was performed, in part, to pay back the
government. At the time, Uncle Sam owned a 61% stake in
the automaker. Unfortunately, the feds didn’t recoup as
much cash as they had hoped. Ultimately, taxpayers lost
money on the automaker bailouts despite GM’s recordbreaking IPO.
23. 2013 IPO Calendar
Square - Starbucks in August partnered with Square in a
$25 million deal that lets the mobile payments company
process all of the coffee giant’s debit and credit transactions.
Square should continue gaining popularity as the “” industry
takes off. Besides being a major player in this up and coming
industry, Square is often thought of as a takeover target.
Tableau Software – This Seattle, WA-based company
could be the next big cloud IPO. Tableau is a datavisualization company which devises programs that turn
complex databases into graphics and maps. Over 10,000
companies including Apple Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) and CocaCola Co. (NYSE: KO) use Tableau products, and after the
success Workday and Splunk had many are expecting
Tableau to have similar results.
24. 2013 IPO Calendar
Silver Spring Networks- Located in Silicon Valley,
Silver Spring Networks sells cloud-based, power grid
management hardware and software to utility companies.
In 2011 its revenue grew 238% and it almost went public
branded as a green energy company, but put the deal on
the shelf after the Solyndra scandal and has since
repositioned itself as a cloud company involved in
“cleantech.” But, with the success SolarCity Corp
(Nasdaq: SCTY) had in its 2012 IPO, things are looking up
for green energy. Add that to the success enterprise
software, or cloud companies have had, and Silver Spring’s
IPO looks very promising.
25. 2013 IPO Calendar
Glam Media- Glam Media is a vertical-media company
with entertainment and lifestyle Websites and blogs
mostly geared toward a female demographic. The company
generates revenue through ads and has been profitable
since 2010. Glam continues to grow through acquisitions
and currently has 356 million unique visitors per month to
its site. In June of 2012 Glam was rated the #1 digital
lifestyle Website in the world by comScore.
26. 2013 IPO Calendar
Rapid7 & WhiteHat Security- One or both of these
companies could be the next huge cyber security play, as
both are thought to go public in 2013. Rapid 7 saw its
revenue grow by 75% in the third quarter of 2012 and
continues to expand its product portfolio. WhiteHat was
founded by a former Yahoo! Inc. (Nasdaq: YHOO)
information security chief, and dozens of Fortune 500
companies rely on WhiteHat for protection. As the world
becomes more complex, uncertain, and digital, expect
cyber security companies to grow in importance and value.
Plus, both of these are prime takeover targets by larger
security and defense firms
27. 2013 IPO Calendar
Dave & Buster’s- In October it pulled its IPO off the shelf, but
keep an eye out for an offering some time in 2013. The company
provides the best arcade and gaming experience for adults and
was hoping to join other restaurant companies such as Bloomin’
Brands Inc. (Nasdaq: BLMN) and Chuy’s Holdings Inc.
(Nasdaq: CHUY) that have had successful IPOs this past year.
Twitter- This would be 2013′s biggest tech IPO, and after
Facebook’s debacle, Twitter’s IPO may really define social media
investments. Recent announcements though indicate a Twitter
IPO may have to wait until 2014. The company recently said it
expects to generate up to $1 billion in revenue by 2014, and
there’s always speculation that it could be acquired by Google
(Nasdaq: GOOG) or another company. Its revenue model is still a
little shaky but Twitter has proven to be able to monetize mobile
users much quicker and effectively than Facebook.
28. Upcoming IPOs to Avoid
Pinterest & Tumblr- Both of these companies face issues
similar to Facebook’s in terms of generating profits and
revenue from their user base, as well as monetizing mobile
users. Pinterest has not proven its business strategy is
legitimate and has even admitted it does not know how to
turn its user base into profits. While just as popular as
Pinterest and Facebook, Tumblr is an even riskier IPO to
consider, and generates minimal revenue. Even though both
sites are incredibly popular, their fate as public companies
could easily follow Facebook’s path.
LivingSocial- The vouchers Website might go public in 2013,
but its business structure is too similar to Groupon Inc.’s
(Nasdaq: GRPN), which has done awful since its IPO. After
touching $30 on its IPO day, GRPN immediately began to sell
off and currently trades around $5. If LivingSocial has an IPO
make sure to avoid it.