International Monetary and Trade Organization
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The document discusses the history and development of major international economic organizations established after World War II, including the World Bank Group, International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Trade Organization (WTO). It provides details on the founding, structure, missions, functions, and criticisms of each organization. Thailand joined all three organizations in 1949 and has since participated in various trade negotiations and received development loans.
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Similar to International Monetary and Trade Organization
WTO (World Trade Organization)
This document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that the WTO is the international organization that oversees global trade rules between nations. The WTO aims to ensure trade flows freely and predictably. It was established in 1995 but built upon the multilateral trading system originally set up under GATT over 50 years prior. The document outlines several key principles and agreements of the WTO system including most favored nation status, national treatment, and agreements on agriculture, services, intellectual property and other areas.
Chapter 1Globalization©McGraw-Hill Education. All
Chapter 1
Globalization
©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
1
Learning Objectives
LO 1-1 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.
LO 1-2 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.
LO 1-3 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.
LO 1-4 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.
LO 1-5 Understand how the process of globalization is creating opportunities and challenges for management practice.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
2
What Is Globalization? 1 of 3
Learning Objective 1-1 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.
The Globalization of Markets
Falling barriers to cross-border trade and investment
Global tastes
Benefits small and large companies
Significant differences between national markets
Products that serve universal needs are global
Competitors may not change among nations
©McGraw-Hill Education.
3
Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy
The globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace.
What Is Globalization? 2 of 3
The Globalization of Production
Sourcing goods to take advantage of differences in cost and quality of factors of production
Early outsourcing was confined to manufacturing
Technology now used for outsourcing
©McGraw-Hill Education.
4
The globalization of production refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land, and capital).
What Is Globalization? 3 of 3
The Globalization of Production continued
Robert Reich and “global products”
Impediments
Formal and informal barriers to trade
Transportation costs
Political and economic risk
Coordination
©McGraw-Hill Education.
5
The Emergence of Global Institutions 1 of 6
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
World Trade Organization
International Monetary Fund
The World Bank
The United Nations
©McGraw-Hill Education.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) International treaty that committed signatories to lowering barriers to the free flow of goods across national borders and led to the WTO.
6
The Emergence of Global Institutions 2 of 6
The World Trade Organization
Polices the world trading system
Ensures nation-states adhere to the rules
Facilitates multinational agreements among members
164 nations account for 98 percent of world trade
©McGraw-Hill Education.
World Trade Organization The organization that succeeded GATT as a result of the successful completion of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations.
7
The Emergence of Global Institutions 3 of 6
The International Monetary Fund
Established to maintain or ...
Doha development agenda
The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) was launched in 2001 with the goal of reforming international trade rules and reducing barriers to trade. Key issues addressed in the DDA negotiations included reducing agricultural subsidies and market access barriers. Developing countries wanted greater concessions for developing nations. However, negotiations faced challenges in reaching agreements due to differing priorities between developed and developing countries. The DDA negotiations ultimately did not result in a comprehensive agreement.
WTO EEA PPT (2)_112353.pdf
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that the WTO is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and was established in 1995. It has 164 member countries and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The key functions of the WTO are to administer trade agreements, provide a forum for trade negotiations, handle trade disputes between members, and monitor national trade policies. The principles of the WTO include non-discriminatory trade, freer trade through negotiation, predictability, and fair competition. The WTO also plays an important role in supporting developing countries and the environment.
World Trade Organization History
The document provides information about the history and objectives of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It discusses how GATT was created in 1947 and helped establish rules for international trade. It then explains how the WTO was established in 1995 to replace GATT and now has 160 member countries. The key objectives of the WTO are to liberalize trade, provide a framework for trade agreements and disputes, and help resolve trade issues between countries.
Imf n pak
The IMF was formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. Pakistan joined the IMF in 1950 and initially had normal relations, with Pakistan drawing funds under standby arrangements in the 1950s and 1960s. However, relations became more volatile in the 1970s as Pakistan relied more heavily on IMF loans. Pakistan's relationship with the IMF has transformed over six decades from an ordinary member to a heavily dependent nation, with periods of normal relations interspersed with volatile periods where Pakistan relied on multiple IMF loan programs.
Lesson4 internationalorganisations
IGOs like the UN, NATO, IMF and World Bank allow powerful nations like the USA and EU to promote their interests on a global scale. While IGOs aim to foster cooperation, critics argue they are dominated by superpowers and promote their agendas. IGOs make key decisions influencing the global economy, conflicts, and environment, giving outsized influence to major donors. However, IGOs also help smaller nations and provided aid that rebuilt countries after WWII. Whether IGOs increase or decrease American power is debated, but they allow the USA to spread its ideology and priorities worldwide.
Advancing the frontiers of transparency and accountability in the extractives...
Advancing the frontiers of transparency and accountability in the extractives...Institute of Development Studies
The document discusses the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), which promotes transparency around oil, gas, and mineral resource extraction. It notes that many resource-dependent countries are facing fiscal crises due to falling commodity prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. The EITI establishes a global standard for transparency and accountability in the extractives sector. It requires disclosure of payments, contracts, production data, and more. Implementing countries set up multi-stakeholder groups to oversee EITI implementation and ensure data is communicated to the public. The EITI is working to expand transparency to new areas like commodity trading, subnational revenue distribution, and environmental reporting.Thinh tpp labour_interim_report
This document provides an overview of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and its potential impacts on labor in Vietnam. It discusses key aspects of the TPP including its membership, contents, labor standards chapter, and Vietnam's commitments around labor reforms. The researcher aims to analyze how the TPP's labor provisions align with International Labor Organization declarations and assess their expected impacts on Vietnam's labor practices and policies. The methodology will include comparative analysis of trade agreements and empirical assessment of the challenges and opportunities for Vietnam in implementing the required labor reforms.
WTO AND GATT
The document discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO). Key points:
- The WTO was established in 1995 and has 153 member countries. It aims to liberalize trade and settle trade disputes.
- Globalization refers to increasing economic and cultural integration between countries due to advances in technology and infrastructure. The WTO promotes globalization by reducing trade barriers.
- The WTO aims to raise living standards, ensure full employment, develop global resources, and expand trade and production worldwide. It settles disputes and reviews members' trade policies.
148323
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and aims to support free trade flows. However, it has failed to achieve several of its goals. Critics argue the WTO lacks transparency and democracy. It also prioritizes corporate profits over human and labor rights. The WTO dispute resolution process can take over 5 years, and its multilateral negotiation approach has led member states to prefer direct bilateral deals. The failure of the Doha Round in the early 2000s showed the challenges of achieving consensus among members.
Ibm unit 2 international trade and investment
This document provides an overview of international trade and investment topics. It discusses the role of organizations like the WTO and GATT in promoting global trade. It covers various trade theories like comparative advantage and the Heckscher-Ohlin model. The document also examines foreign direct investment, factors influencing FDI, and India's FDI policy. Additionally, it defines regional trade blocks and provides examples of major trade blocks like the EU, NAFTA, and ASEAN.
HINDU NEWS ANALYSIS FOR UPSC EXAM
The document provides details about several current affairs topics:
1. The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana scheme which provides free food grains to over 81 crore people until November 2021.
2. Issues around indemnity clauses are still holding up imports of US COVID-19 vaccines like Pfizer and Moderna to India.
3. Prime Minister Modi unveiled a statue of Adi Shankaracharya at Kedarnath, who was an 8th century Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.
4. An overview of the World Trade Organization including its goals and history replacing the previous General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Wto
The document summarizes the role and functions of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses how the WTO works to facilitate global trade by negotiating trade agreements, handling trade disputes between members, and helping developing countries. The WTO aims to improve standards of living around the world and sees free trade as mutually beneficial for all nations based on principles of comparative advantage. The WTO also faces some criticisms for potentially undermining national sovereignty and environmental/labor laws.
Wto 1 Nitin
The document discusses the history and evolution of international trade agreements from GATT to the modern WTO. It outlines key events like the Bretton Woods conference that led to GATT, various trade negotiation rounds that reduced tariffs, the formation of the WTO in 1995, and principles of the rules-based global trading system like non-discrimination and transparency. It also summarizes roles of different WTO bodies and topics of ongoing negotiation like agriculture subsidies and special provisions for developing countries.
International Monetary Fund
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent UN organ to promote international trade. The WTO, established in 1995, oversees global trade agreements and settles disputes. The IFC, affiliated with the World Bank, was established in 1956 to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
International Monetary Fund IMF
The document provides information on several international economic institutions established in the mid-20th century:
The IMF was established in 1945 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was established in 1944 to provide development financing. UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent organ of the UN to promote international trade and accelerate economic development in developing countries. The IFC was established in 1956 as an affiliate of the World Bank to promote private sector growth in developing countries.
Liz
The document discusses globalization and its impacts. It begins by defining globalization as the closer integration of countries through reduced trade barriers and costs of transportation and communication. It then outlines some of the major international institutions involved in governing globalization, including the IMF, World Bank, and WTO. The document also discusses some of the opportunities and threats presented by globalization, such as increased inequality, environmental impacts, and threats to cultural diversity. It raises issues about the appropriate level of global regulation and discusses Joseph Stiglitz's critique of how international institutions have pursued globalization.
Ch02 Kotabe
The document discusses the increasingly globalized economic environment and factors influencing country competitiveness. It covers the rise in international trade and foreign direct investment. Major trade agreements and organizations like the WTO are examined. Emerging markets and regional economic blocs are important recent trends. Information technology is changing competition while intellectual property issues remain. Multinational corporations now hail from many countries and account for over half of global GDP.
The Contemporary World: Global Economic Structures
This document discusses economic globalization and related topics through four main sections. It begins by defining economic globalization and its emergence in the 1500s. It then examines the Bretton Woods system established in 1944 to regulate international monetary systems and addresses organizations it created like the IMF and World Bank. Other economic organizations are also outlined. Finally, it explores the role of multinational corporations in globalization through foreign direct investment and other activities.
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The Contemporary World: Global Economic Structures
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