International accounting development and classification (ch2)
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This document discusses factors that influence accounting development and classifications of accounting approaches. It identifies eight factors that influence accounting development: sources of finance, legal system, taxation, political/economic ties, inflation, economic development level, education level, and culture. It also describes four approaches to accounting development found in Western market economies: the macroeconomic approach, microeconomic approach, independent discipline approach, and uniform approach. Finally, it explains the differences between fair presentation and legal compliance orientations of accounting.
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The document discusses the Washington Consensus and its effects on development. It examines three groups of factors within the Washington Consensus, and discusses current views on its successes and failures. Critics argue that inequality and lack of institutional support limited its effectiveness, and that distribution and social institutions play an important role in development. The role of trade, financial liberalization, and interventions are also debated. Overall, the document analyzes different perspectives on the Washington Consensus and its prescriptions for growth.
Rich States, Poor States
In 2010, Oklahoma was just starting to climb out of the national recession that cost our state nearly 80,000 jobs. Like people all around the country, many Oklahomans were struggling. Jobs had disappeared in the wake of a financial crisis that was largely out of our control. Tax revenues were down, and the state was facing a budget shortfall of over $500 million. It was with that difficult backdrop that I reached out to our state’s legislative leaders to help me build the best, most competitive economic climate possible. We set about reducing government waste and making state government smaller, smarter, and more efficient. Like many times in our state’s history, we rose to the challenge.
While many other states were raising taxes in order to close their budget gaps—and driving out jobs in the process—we cut our income tax. We provided relief to working families and spurred economic growth in the private sector. As a result, we have seen a net increase of almost 30,000 jobs in the last 12 months, and our job growth rate ranks in the top ten among all states. Our unemployment rate continues to be one of the lowest in the country at 6.1 percent. And in 2011, Oklahoma ranked first in the nation for the growth of manufacturing jobs, which grew five times faster than the national average.
For more information, please visit www.alec.org
International Political Economy Exam IITake Home Essay GuideSeay.docx
International Political Economy Exam II
Take Home Essay Guide
Seay
I.
Basic Terminology:
Be able to incorporate as many of of the following basic political economic terms as possible into each of the two essays of choice from the second category. Class lecture notes may be used for defining the listed terms as well as the Charles Wheelan textutal readings.** Do be certain to incorporate other useful data from lectures notes, the Wheelan text, and various suggested scholarly IPE books and articles as well.**
David Ricardo, "Comparative Advantage," "The Iron Law of Wages," and "Theory of Rents."
Anne-Robert Turgot and Jean-Baptiste Say
Physiocrats
Charles Fourier and Count Sainte-Simon
Utilitarianism
Karl Marx
William Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras
Historical Economics and the Marshallian School
East Asian Model of Developement
Export Oriented Strategy
Rent Seeking
Structural Adjustment Programme
Efficiency Oriented Investment
Foreign Direct Investment
Horizontal Integration
Intangible Asset
Locational Advantages
Market Oriented Investment
Natural Resource Investment
Positive Externalities
Specific Asset
Vertical Integration
Calvo Doctrine
Export Processing Zone
Locational Incentives
Multilateral Agreement on Investment
Obsolescing Bargain Performance Requirement
Trade Related Investment Measures
United Nations on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources
Balance of Payments and Balance of Payments Adjustment
Bretton Woods System
Capital Account
Conditionality
Current Account
Exchange Rate System and Exchange Restrictions
Fixed Exchange Rate System and Fixed but Adjustable Exchange Rate System
Floating Exchange Rate System
Foreign Exchange Market
Foreign Exchange Reserves
Fundamental Disequilibrium
Managed Float
Speculative Attacks
Stabilization Fund
European Monetary System
International Investment Position
Louvre Accord, Monetary Accord, and Plaza Accord
Target Zone
Phillips Curve
II.
Essay Topics: Answer any two of the following essays with
each response tallying 5-8 pages. (50 POINTS EACH).
1. Who was David Ricardo? Illustrate and explain his economic theories? Were they accurate? Might they be useful in the present?
2. In what ways did the French Enlightenment era help create the study of modern economics? Illustrate and explain all key figures
and their philosophies. Are they influences found still in the modern
global economy? If so, in which ways?
3. Who was Jean Baptiste Say? Why is he important in IPE? Explain.
4. Who were Charles Fourier and Count Saint-Simon? What economic philosophies did they create? Are their views prevalent, still?
5. Who was Karl Marx? What was his economic philosophy? How and why has his economic philosophy been so widespread as well as controversial? Explain.
6. What is Import Substitution Industrialisation? What are its's problems? Explain.
7. What is the East Asian Model? Should the West imitate it? What are its's strength and weaknesses?
8. What kind of economic reform is occuring in China? Is it ...
Economic
This document provides an introduction to economics and the characteristics of developing economies. It discusses how developing countries often face issues like poverty, low living standards, population growth, and underutilized resources. This can lead to a "vicious circle of poverty" where poverty leads to low savings, investment, production and more poverty. Other common problems in developing economies include illiteracy, unemployment, poor technology, political instability, inefficient administration and corruption. The document concludes that achieving political stability and effective economic planning can help stabilize developing economies by boosting areas like employment, exports, and industrial development.
Strategies That Fit Emerging Markets
Since the early 1990s, developing countries have been the fastest-growing market in the world for most products and services. Companies can lower costs by setting up manufacturing facilities and service centers in those areas, where skilled labor and trained managers are relatively inexpensive.If Western companies don’t develop strategies for engaging across their value chains with developing countries, they are unlikely to remain competitive for long.Companies that choose new markets systematically often use tools like country portfolio analysis and political risk assessment, which chiefly focus on the potential profits from doing business in developing countries but leave out essential information about the soft infrastructures there.
Effective states & engaged societies the nature of statal policy and instit...
This document discusses the concept of the developmental state and examines whether Ethiopia can establish one. It begins by defining the developmental state and exploring the ideological forces behind developmental dirigism. It then examines the rise and fall of developmental states in Japan and East Asia. It analyzes challenges facing African developmental states, including analytical disconnects, issues of good practices and wrong lessons, government and market failures, and neo-patrimonialism. The document considers Ethiopia's massive resources and argues it can finance infrastructure if leadership commits to industrialization and high-income opportunities. It concludes by recommending Ethiopia avoid pitfalls, enhance the state's role in transformation, de-link the state from rent-seekers, and nurt
Brazil sean-1
Brazil is considered an emerging market economy due to its fast economic growth in recent decades, increasing foreign investment, and rising international influence. However, Brazil had long struggled with problems like debt, high inflation, and protectionist policies under a military regime from 1965-1985. In the 1980s and 1990s, Brazil adopted market-oriented reforms like trade liberalization, privatization of state firms, and more stable macroeconomic policies to emerge from its previous stagnation and develop into a leading economy in Latin America and a prominent member of the BRIC countries. However, Brazil still faces challenges like inequality that prevent it from being considered an advanced economy.
Chapter18
The document discusses American economic policy, including its history and key elements like fiscal policy, monetary policy, and regulatory policy. Fiscal policy involves taxes, spending, and the budget, while monetary policy is managed by the Federal Reserve to influence interest rates and money supply. Regulatory policy oversees financial markets and international trade. Economic goals include growth, low unemployment and inflation. Deliberating optimal policy involves weighing tradeoffs among economic and political perspectives.
The developmental state: the nature of statal policy and institutional reform
1. The document discusses the concept of developmental states and their applicability in Africa. It analyzes the experiences of developmental states in Asia and their differences compared to African states.
2. It examines Ethiopia's potential to establish a developmental state through policy and institutional reforms. Key recommendations include enhancing the state's role in economic transformation through disciplined planning, building democratic developmental states, and ensuring state interventions avoid rent-seeking.
3. The author argues that for Ethiopia to nurture a developmental state, it needs political will and capacity for policies derived through consultation, a competent bureaucracy based on merit, and a developmentalist coalition between leadership, private sector, and civil society.
FOR DR. MAKAYLAPricing and Exchange RatesAs a business owner.docx
FOR DR. MAKAYLA
Pricing and Exchange Rates
As a business owner making a final decision regarding the international aspects of a business decision, you may decide to set up a table with the risks and weigh their relative importance against the rate of return you foresee. You also need to put a plan in place to overcome it.
Part Ia
800+ words plus completed table
Assume that your business is visible and an important member of the community. Would the government encourage a decision to expand? How would it affect the reputation of the business?
Here is what the list looks like. Your assignment is to fill in the table.
Risk
Importer
Exporter
L/M/S
How to Overcome It
Economic conditions
Fluctuations in industry
Competition
Technological change
Change in preferences
Costs and expenses
Regulations
Expropriation
Interest rates
Government monetary policy
Government fiscal policy
Internal and external wars
Difference in culture and religion
Ownership of factories and property
Human resource restrictions
Intellectual property
Discrimination
Red tape and corruption
Blockage of funds or capital accounts
Change in government
Comment on whether the U.S. government would support a business owner's decision to expand internationally or import in light of the balance of payments and how the move internationally may affect the business's reputation as a local small-business owner.
Decision-Making in a Global Economy
In a recent State of the Union Address, the President of the United States announced the formation of the "National Export Initiative," an important endeavor that is necessary for long-term, sustainable economic growth for the country. The president's goal is to double exports within 5 years, which, it is hoped, should reduce unemployment by adding 2 million jobs.
This is the first time in history that the United States has put a real focus on government-wide export promotion.
Since then, the president has signed an Executive Order that formed the "Export Promotion Cabinet" within the presidential administration. The Department of Commerce is an important player in this initiative and is charged with making sure that U.S. businesses can actively participate in international markets by increasing their exports of goods, services, and agricultural products.
Part 1b
If you were a member of the Cabinet, what would you do to achieve these goals?
Address the following in 1,000+ words:
1. Increase exports of small and medium-sized businesses.
a. What kind of programs should be put in place to improve information?
b. What kind of technical assistance should be given to first-time exporters?
i. What kinds of education do first time-exporters need to do business overseas?
c. How can the government assist these exporters with new opportunities in international markets?
2. What other kinds of assistance can the government give?
3. Where should the trade missions go, a.
Stretagies that fit Emerging Markets
Stretagies that fit Emerging Markets,
International Business Strategies which are suitalbe for developing countries to attract the international investors
SECTION FOURMACRO ECONOMICANALYSISFOR INVESTORSII-.docx
SECTION FOUR
MACRO ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS
FOR INVESTORS
II-4-‹#›
Words to the Wise
When a man of business, therefore, hears on every side rumors of fortunes suddenly acquired; when he finds banks liberal, and brokers busy; when he sees adventurers flush of paper capital, and full of scheme and enterprise; when he perceives a greater disposition to buy than to sell; when trade overflows its accustomed channels and deluges the country; when he hears of new regions of commercial adventure; of distant marts and distant mines, swallowing merchandise and disgorging gold; when he finds joint-stock companies of all kinds forming; railroads, canals, and locomotive engines, springing up on every side; when idlers suddenly become men of business,
and dash into the game of commerce as they would into the hazards of the faro table; when he beholds the streets glittering with new equipages, palaces conjured up by the magic of speculation; tradesmen flushed with sudden success, and vying with each other in ostentatious expense; in a word, when he hears the whole community joining in the theme of "unexampled prosperity," let him look upon the whole as a "weather-breeder," and prepare for the impending storm.
From “The Crayon Papers”, The Great Mississippi Bubble, by Washington Irving, 1820
II-4-‹#›
Taking a World View
"…I think it is unrealistic and maybe hubristic to say, ‘I don’t care about what is going on in the world. I know a cheap stock when I see one.’ If you don’t follow the pendulum and understand the cycle, then that implies that you always invest as much money as aggressively. That doesn’t make any sense to me. I have been around too long to think that a good investment is always equally good all the time regardless of the climate."
Howard Marks, CEO of Oaktree Capital Management
[$80 billion under management]
II-4-‹#›
Macroeconomic Analysis
Analysts shouldn't operate in a vacuum.
We need to understand the economic, financial, political, social, cultural, and historical environment in which companies operate.
Analysts should begin with a top-down approach, and work all the way down to the company level.
It’s important to remember that not all things that impact the market are financial or economic.
Analysts must be able to distinguish between cause and effect.
II-4-‹#›
Analysis versus Forecasting
Analysis should not be confused with forecasting.
Analysis is the process of understanding how things work. Forecasting is the attempt to make precise estimates of future values or events.
Although analysis is the important first step in forecasting, formal forecasts are not necessarily required.
Understanding trends and situations is more helpful than point estimates of economic variables like GDP.
II-4-‹#›
BEWARE OF FORECASTS: This is from 1954
II-4-‹#›
Country Analysis
One of the most useful ways to understand an economy is to do a complete country analysis.
Pick any country, and learn all you can.
Along with all of the necessar.
Power point project1
Mexico scores high on power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence on Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Key strategies for negotiation with Mexico include building personal relationships, being patient, and making a good first impression. Mexico is a federal democratic republic where citizens have lost faith in the voting system following an international financial crisis. Mexico has an open trade policy and trade agreements that benefit the economy by providing access to larger foreign markets with fewer barriers. Potential successful products to market in Mexico include weight loss supplements, jewelry, and water filters.
One of the best ways to learn a concept is to teach a concept, and i.docx
One of the best ways to learn a concept is to teach a concept, and in this assignment it will be necessary for the learner to understand and explain the concepts from
Modules 1
and
2
in a 7–10-slide PowerPoint presentation. The Internet will be a great resource for completing this assignment because the learner can use keyword phrases to pull the specifics needed to cover the topics and complete the assignment.
You have been asked to create a PowerPoint presentation to train a group of new employees for Future Trends Financial Firm on key concepts of emerging markets. Include the following in your presentation:
Identify and explain key concepts of emerging technologies, highlighting their use and availability for emerging and developed markets.
Define and describe common industry concepts including: institutional voids, business groups, technological capabilities, changing income distribution, and bottom of the pyramid. Please be sure that the correlation between concepts and various markets is appropriate.
Develop a 7–10-slide presentation in PowerPoint format, utilizing at least two scholarly sources. Apply APA standards to the citation of sources.
Make sure you write in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrate ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; display accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Information from Module 1:
In
Module 1
, you will begin your journey into understanding the concept of EMs. This module’s discussion question and assignment are both designed to help in building the foundation knowledge of understanding EMs.
What is an EM? According to Investopedia (n.d.), an EM is, “A nation's economy that is progressing toward becoming advanced, as shown by some liquidity in local debt and equity markets and the existence of some form of market exchange and regulatory body” (para. 1).
EMs surfaced in the 1970s as
less developed economies
. Countries that are considered EMs possess certain distinguishing traits. Some of the common traits are:
Demanding culture
High rates of immigration
Fragmented market
Growing youthful population
Investors are shifting their investments to EMs because of their potential long-term growth rate (Johnston, 2011). One of the main reasons EMs are rapidly growing is due to the countries' visible economic advancements. According to EPFR Global, a fund tracking company, investors invested more than $50 billion into EMs in 2012 (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2013).
Investopedia. (n.d.).
Emerging market economy
. Retrieved from
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/emergingmarketeconomy.asp
Johnston, M. (2011, November 23).
5 factors to consider in choosing an emerging markets ETF
. Retrieved from
http://seekingalpha.com/article/309867-5-factors-to-consider-in-choosing-an-emerging-markets-etf
Bloomberg Businessweek. (2013, January 31).
The top 20 emerging markets
. Retrieved from
http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2013-01-31/the-top-20-emergi.
LA Tech Econ Dev Memo
This memo analyzes the tech ecosystem in Los Angeles and makes recommendations. It notes that economic development in LA has historically lacked regional coordination. The first recommendation is to establish a regional governmental body to implement long-term strategic plans across administrations. It also discusses debates around whether cities should encourage tech clusters, noting potential benefits of increased wealth but also issues like inequality. The memo concludes that LA should adopt policies to support knowledge-based development and tech clusters, but in a way that benefits all classes to avoid worsening social divides.
13 male literacy,level of new bisness,jobless crime rate
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Mexico KPIs – February 2019
Get an overview of the main financial indicators of the Mexican economy for the November – January 2019 period.
Economic Growth as Terministic Screen
This document analyzes the discourse surrounding the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and its emphasis on economic growth as a framework for development assistance. It finds that MCC discourse, as seen in Ambassador Danilovich's statements, utilizes an economic growth terministic screen that shapes how development is discussed and understood. This screen presents economic growth as the primary goal and interprets poverty reduction and capacity building solely as means to that end. It also influences partner countries' behavior by incentivizing reforms focused on MCC's economic indicators over locally-prioritized needs. The document argues this screen limits alternative understandings of development and undermines the stated goals of poverty alleviation and self-sufficiency.
Similar to International accounting development and classification (ch2) (20)
Securing Your Transactions in Latin America and Mexico
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.1. explain the concept of globalization and identify the main
.1. explain the concept of globalization and identify the main
International Political Economy Exam IITake Home Essay GuideSeay.docx
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FOR DR. MAKAYLAPricing and Exchange RatesAs a business owner.docx
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SECTION FOURMACRO ECONOMICANALYSISFOR INVESTORSII-.docx
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One of the best ways to learn a concept is to teach a concept, and i.docx
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13 male literacy,level of new bisness,jobless crime rate
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International accounting development and classification (ch2)
- 1. INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Frederick D. S. Choi Gary K. Meek Chapter 2: Development and Classification
- 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: 1. Identify and understand the importance of the eight factors that have a significant influence on accounting development. 2. Understand the four approaches to accounting development found in market oriented Western economies and identify countries in which each one in prevalent. 3. Have a basic working knowledge of accounting classifications and how they compare with one another. 4. Explain the difference between the “fair presentation” and “legal compliance” orientations of accounting and identify nations in which each is prevalent. 5. Explain why distinctions of accounting at the national level are becoming blurred.
- 3. Why should we want to know how and why accounting develops?
- 4. DEVELOPMENT FACTORS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT. 1. Sources of Finance. 2. Legal System. 3. Taxation. 4. Political and Economic Ties 5. Inflation 6. Level of Economic Development 7. Educational Level 8. Culture (1) individualism, (2) uncertainty avoidance, (3) power distance, and (4) masculinity.
- 6. FOUR APPROACHES TO ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT (1) Under the macroeconomic approach, (2) Under the microeconomic approach, (3) Under the independent discipline approach, (4) Under the uniform approach,