The CPU is the central processing unit that executes programs with logical and mathematical accuracy. Memory, such as RAM and ROM, allows temporary and permanent storage of data. Expansion cards can enhance the computer's capabilities by adding features like additional USB ports or memory. Storage devices like hard drives and solid state drives hold files and programs. Input devices like keyboards allow data entry while output devices like printers allow the output of data from the computer.

2. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT.
• CPU: Central Processing Unit is the component in a digital
computer capable of executing a program with logical and
mathematical accuracy. The processor processes the whole
personal computer automatically without physical assistance
from the user.
• BIT: Binary digits are what allows the personal computer to
apple, use and run larger sized programs for the computer at a
more speeded pace and efficient accuracy. The two most
common Bits now days are 32 and 64 bits.
• SPEED: The CPU’s speed is measured in 1MHz.

3. MEMORY.
• RAM: Random access memory is considered the best known form of computer
memory. RAM allowing you to access and use the personal computer temporarily for
browsing and viewing the GUI on your monitor.
• ROM: Read only memory allowing you to store specific data and is ‘locked’ so nobody
can interfere with the data. (Editing it is not an option, unless when created the creator
designed it so there was only a specific way to modify it). Example are: Programs that
people can download and install onto the personal computer.
• Flash Memory or USB: Flash Memory or Universal Serial Bus are portable devices for
quick extra storage when needed. The USB slots into a USB (0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 –
depending on number) port within the personal computer and the user can download or
upload data. The same principles go with the Flash Memory, however there is no USB
port. The user slots the flash memory within the computer or phone or device and has
extra storage at his/her disposal.

4. ADAPTER CARDS/EXPANSION CARDS.
• Adapter Cards/Expansion Cards: Adapter/Expansion Cards allow the
computer to have an updated performance, being the capacity and capability
of the computer is enhanced.
• PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect or PCI allows the user to update the
computers capability . Such as; If the user wishes to update their USB 0.2 to
a USB 0.3, then the user can just open up the computer and install it
physically.
• PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association or
PCMCIA is an organisation that produces small PC CARDS that allow the
user to add additional/extra ROM and RAM to a personal computer.

5. STORAGE DEVICES?
• SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment/Serial ATA or SATA is a
computer bus interface that allows the user to connect from host adapters to
mass storage devices. Example: Hard disk drives to an optical drive. The
amount of pins a SATA has is; seven pins.
• PATA: Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment/Parallel ATA or PATA is
an interface standard that allows the user to connect to storage devices.
Example: Hard disks, solid state drives, optical disc drives and floppy drives.
The amount of pins a PATA has is; forty pins.
• SCSI: Small Computer System Interface or SCSI is basically a group/set of
standards for allowing data to connect and transfer between two personal
computers. The amount of pins a SCSI has is; Fifty Pins.
• Solid State Drive : Solid State Drive or SSD is an electrical circuit that is a
storage device that has no moving parts. This device is more efficient than a
normal storage device.

6. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES?
Input Device Example: Input devices
such as keyboards allow the user to
‘input’ data on an ‘internal’ level. When
the user types with a keyboard, the GUI
on the monitor expresses it visually so
the user can browse information via
search bar, write up a document or
which ever the keyboard is being used
for.
Output Device Example: Output
devices such as printers allow the user
to get ‘external’ data from an ‘internal’
level. When the user uses the mouse to
print something off, internally the
personal computer will process this
command and will give the user an
external level (the users printing image
or document).