Tillman Hatcher's experience with internal combustion engine design includes over 150 topics related to engine components, operation cycles, performance characteristics, emissions, heat transfer, friction, lubrication, modeling, and more. His expertise spans spark-ignition engines, compression-ignition engines, and alternative engine technologies.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
internal combustion engine fundamentals are discussedmp poonia
1) The document discusses various topics related to internal combustion engines including vehicle growth trends, engine efficiency, engine terminology, combustion types, engine cycles, and emissions.
2) It provides statistics showing that the number of vehicles worldwide is expected to reach 1.1 billion by 2020 and circle the earth 125 times.
3) The maximum efficiency of a typical gasoline automobile engine is around 25% while the largest diesel engine peaks at 51.7% efficiency.
Air fuel mixing & spark ignition in 4 stroke engieMuhammad Faizan
The document discusses air fuel mixing and spark ignition in internal combustion engines. It describes the four cycles that occur: intake, compression, ignition, and power. In the intake stroke, an air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. At ignition, the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, starting the power stroke where the expanding gases power the piston. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out of the cylinder. The air-fuel ratio, or mass of air relative to fuel, is important for combustion efficiency and reducing pollution.
internal combustion engines are discussed including combustion behaviourmp poonia
The document provides information on engine performance and terminology. It discusses how engines convert the heat of burning fuel into useful energy. It explains that engine efficiency is typically much less than 100% due to factors like friction and heat loss. It also discusses different types of engines like Otto and Diesel engines, and key engine components and metrics like bore, stroke, displacement, compression ratio, power, and torque. It provides details on fuel types, properties, and requirements for different engines. Overall, the document is a technical overview of engine performance and key concepts.
This document outlines the course objectives and units for an advanced internal combustion engines course. The 5 units cover: 1) spark ignition engines, including air-fuel ratio requirements and carburetor design; 2) compression ignition engines; 3) engine exhaust emission control methods; 4) alternate fuels and their suitability for engines; and 5) recent engine technologies. Key concepts discussed include the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, factors affecting knock, emission control methods, and properties of various alternate fuels used in engines.
This document provides an introduction to engine terminology by defining key terms:
- Bore is the diameter of the cylinder, while stroke is the distance the piston travels. The stroke-to-bore ratio affects engine characteristics.
- Cylinder displacement is the volume displaced by the piston from bottom to top dead center. Total engine displacement is the sum of the displacements of all cylinders.
- Other terms defined include compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, torque, power, volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, indicated horsepower, and brake horsepower. Factors that influence various engine parameters are also discussed.
1. The document discusses internal combustion engines, which convert chemical energy from fuels like gasoline and natural gas into mechanical work.
2. Internal combustion engines are commonly used in automobiles, boats, airplanes, power generators, and other machinery. They can be classified based on their fuel, ignition method, combustion cycle, and other factors.
3. The document then focuses on describing the basic components and operating cycles of 4-stroke gasoline/petrol and diesel engines, as well as 2-stroke petrol engines. It provides details on the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in each engine type.
The internal combustion engine has a combustion chamber where fuel is burned. This creates high temperature and pressure gases that are used to do work by expanding. The main components of an internal combustion engine include the cylinder head, cylinder block, pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, flywheel, and systems for fuel, ignition, cooling, lubrication, and filtering air. The engine uses precise timing of its components to intake, compress, combust, and exhaust the fuel-air mixture in order to efficiently convert the chemical energy of the fuel into useful mechanical work.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
internal combustion engine fundamentals are discussedmp poonia
1) The document discusses various topics related to internal combustion engines including vehicle growth trends, engine efficiency, engine terminology, combustion types, engine cycles, and emissions.
2) It provides statistics showing that the number of vehicles worldwide is expected to reach 1.1 billion by 2020 and circle the earth 125 times.
3) The maximum efficiency of a typical gasoline automobile engine is around 25% while the largest diesel engine peaks at 51.7% efficiency.
Air fuel mixing & spark ignition in 4 stroke engieMuhammad Faizan
The document discusses air fuel mixing and spark ignition in internal combustion engines. It describes the four cycles that occur: intake, compression, ignition, and power. In the intake stroke, an air-fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the mixture is compressed. At ignition, the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, starting the power stroke where the expanding gases power the piston. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, spent gases are pushed out of the cylinder. The air-fuel ratio, or mass of air relative to fuel, is important for combustion efficiency and reducing pollution.
internal combustion engines are discussed including combustion behaviourmp poonia
The document provides information on engine performance and terminology. It discusses how engines convert the heat of burning fuel into useful energy. It explains that engine efficiency is typically much less than 100% due to factors like friction and heat loss. It also discusses different types of engines like Otto and Diesel engines, and key engine components and metrics like bore, stroke, displacement, compression ratio, power, and torque. It provides details on fuel types, properties, and requirements for different engines. Overall, the document is a technical overview of engine performance and key concepts.
This document outlines the course objectives and units for an advanced internal combustion engines course. The 5 units cover: 1) spark ignition engines, including air-fuel ratio requirements and carburetor design; 2) compression ignition engines; 3) engine exhaust emission control methods; 4) alternate fuels and their suitability for engines; and 5) recent engine technologies. Key concepts discussed include the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, factors affecting knock, emission control methods, and properties of various alternate fuels used in engines.
This document provides an introduction to engine terminology by defining key terms:
- Bore is the diameter of the cylinder, while stroke is the distance the piston travels. The stroke-to-bore ratio affects engine characteristics.
- Cylinder displacement is the volume displaced by the piston from bottom to top dead center. Total engine displacement is the sum of the displacements of all cylinders.
- Other terms defined include compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, torque, power, volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency, mean effective pressure, indicated horsepower, and brake horsepower. Factors that influence various engine parameters are also discussed.
1. The document discusses internal combustion engines, which convert chemical energy from fuels like gasoline and natural gas into mechanical work.
2. Internal combustion engines are commonly used in automobiles, boats, airplanes, power generators, and other machinery. They can be classified based on their fuel, ignition method, combustion cycle, and other factors.
3. The document then focuses on describing the basic components and operating cycles of 4-stroke gasoline/petrol and diesel engines, as well as 2-stroke petrol engines. It provides details on the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes in each engine type.
The internal combustion engine has a combustion chamber where fuel is burned. This creates high temperature and pressure gases that are used to do work by expanding. The main components of an internal combustion engine include the cylinder head, cylinder block, pistons, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, flywheel, and systems for fuel, ignition, cooling, lubrication, and filtering air. The engine uses precise timing of its components to intake, compress, combust, and exhaust the fuel-air mixture in order to efficiently convert the chemical energy of the fuel into useful mechanical work.
This document discusses lubrication systems for engines. It introduces different types of mechanical losses that contribute to engine friction like direct frictional losses, pumping losses, power losses from driving auxiliary components. It describes factors affecting friction like engine design, piston rings, speed and load. The functions of lubrication are outlined as reducing friction and wear, providing sealing, cooling and cleaning surfaces. Finally, it briefly introduces different lubrication systems used in engines like mist, wet sump and dry sump lubrication.
The document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including key components and processes. It discusses how diesel engines work via compression ignition rather than spark ignition like gasoline engines. The four main components of the diesel engine cycle are the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Key differences between diesel and gasoline include higher compression ratios and direct fuel injection in diesel engines. The document also covers diesel fuel properties, injection systems, turbocharging, and exhaust emissions reduction technologies.
This document provides information about diesel engine power plants. It discusses that diesel power plants generate electricity using diesel engines between 2-50 MW. They have advantages like simple design, less space and water requirements, and lower costs compared to steam plants. However, they also have higher fuel costs and maintenance costs. Diesel power plants are commonly used as backup power sources or for small, remote power supplies where coal and water availability is limited. The document then describes the key components of diesel power plants, including the starting system, air intake, fuel supply, exhaust, cooling, lubrication and governing systems. It provides details on how each system functions within the diesel engine electricity generation process.
This document provides an overview of the OAT551 Automotive Systems course. It discusses the following topics:
- The course is taught by P. Hariprasad at KIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology.
- Unit 1 covers automotive engine auxiliary systems, including the classifications and workings of internal and external combustion engines.
- Engine components like the cylinder head, piston rings, camshaft and their functions are explained. Ignition and fuel injection systems for gasoline and diesel engines are also outlined.
The four stroke SI engine involves four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, a fuel-air mixture is introduced into the cylinder through the intake valve. In the compression stroke, the fuel-air mixture is compressed. In the combustion stroke, combustion occurs at constant volume, causing the product gases to expand and do work. In the exhaust stroke, the product gases are pushed out through the exhaust valve.
The document summarizes combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how combustion occurs simultaneously in many spots in a non-homogeneous fuel-air mixture, controlled by fuel injection timing. The four stages of CI engine combustion are ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing-controlled combustion, and late combustion. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. Knock may occur if ignition delay is too long. The document provides diagrams to illustrate CI engine combustion processes and types.
The document provides information on different types of internal combustion engines. It describes two-stroke and four-stroke engines, whether spark ignition or compression ignition. For both two-stroke and four-stroke engines, it explains the basic workings of each stroke in the combustion cycle, including intake, compression, power/expansion, and exhaust strokes. Diagrams and animations are included to illustrate the piston movement and valve timing in two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
This document provides information on internal combustion engines. It discusses the basic components and cycles of IC engines, including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also covers fuels, carburetion, and mechanical and electronic fuel injection systems. The document contains over 100 individual points on topics related to IC engines.
This document discusses the theory of operation of reciprocating engines. It describes the operating cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines and the sequence of events in each cycle. It also defines key terms related to engine operation including piston displacement, compression ratio, manifold absolute pressure, indicated and brake horsepower, efficiencies, and more.
1. The document discusses turbochargers, which are devices that increase an engine's power output and efficiency by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber.
2. Turbochargers work by using a turbine powered by exhaust gases to spin a compressor that increases the pressure and density of air entering the engine. This allows more air and fuel into the cylinders, resulting in more power.
3. The advantages of turbocharging include producing more power from a smaller, lighter engine and improved fuel efficiency. However, disadvantages include turbo lag, increased complexity leading to reliability issues, and the need for more fuel at high power levels.
This document discusses different types of power plants including diesel, gas turbine, and combined cycle plants. It provides details on the components and working of diesel power plants such as the engine, air intake, exhaust, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems. It also describes open and closed cycle gas turbine power plants as well as improvements with intercooling, regeneration, and reheating. Finally, it covers various combined cycle plants that combine gas turbines with steam turbines or other technologies.
The document provides information on diesel engine operation and diagnosis. It explains that diesel engines work via compression ignition where fuel is injected into hot compressed air, igniting the fuel. It describes the differences between direct injection and indirect injection diesel engines. It also outlines the key components of diesel engines like the fuel system, injection pump, injectors, turbochargers, and emission control systems. Advantages include torque and fuel economy, while disadvantages include noise, smell and cold starting issues.
This document provides an overview of diesel engines, including their basic operation, components, and fuel injection systems. It describes how diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than a spark plug. Key points covered include the types of fuel injection systems (common rail, unit injection, etc.), injectors and nozzles, governors, and applications of diesel engines. The document concludes by comparing diesel engines to gasoline engines and discussing newer direct injection technologies.
CYLINDER DEACTIVATION ON TWO DIFFERENT CUBIC CAPACITY ENGINEIAEME Publication
Cylinder deactivation is a fuel consumption reduction technology for throttled internal combustion engines and other engines with thermal efficiency loss at part cylinder. Dynamic skip firing, which in its ultimate form incorporates anytime, any-cylinder deactivation, continuously varies the number of firing cylinders, along with cylinder load, obtaining flexible control of acoustic and vibrational excitations from the engine, and allowing an expanded operational envelope with fewer drive ability/NVH issues. This project comprises of two different cubic capacity 4 stroke (150cc-pulsar and 100cc-kinetic) engines coupled with use of sprockets and chains.
Basic Mechanical Engineering - IC enginesSteve M S
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction to heat engines in general and then focuses on internal combustion engines. It describes the basic components and operation of 4-stroke internal combustion engines. It explains the individual strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It also provides details on 2-stroke engines and compares their operation and advantages/disadvantages relative to 4-stroke engines. Finally, it discusses some of the key systems used in internal combustion engines like the fuel, air intake, ignition, cooling, and lubrication systems.
The document discusses the main components and working principle of a diesel generator. A diesel generator combines a diesel engine with an electric generator and other auxiliary devices to generate electrical energy. It works by converting the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy, then mechanical energy through the combustion and expansion of gases in the engine, which is then converted into electrical energy through the generator via electromagnetic induction. The key components are the diesel engine, generator, and auxiliary devices like the cooling system. The diesel engine uses compression ignition to burn fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
This document provides a summary of recent trends in internal combustion engines, including Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, stratified charge engines, gasoline direct injection engines, lean-burn engines, common rail diesel fuel systems, and electronic engine management systems. HCCI engines provide high efficiency while producing ultra-low emissions, through homogeneous mixing and simultaneous combustion. Stratified charge engines concentrate fuel near spark plugs to improve efficiency. Direct injection engines use precise fuel injection for improved power and emissions control. Lean-burn engines utilize excess air for reduced emissions. Common rail systems provide high and variable fuel pressure for improved injection. Electronic management systems use sensors and processors to precisely control fuel delivery and ignition timing.
The document discusses new trends in internal combustion engines to improve fuel economy, safety, emissions and noise/vibration. These trends include cylinder deactivation to reduce pumping losses under light loads, direct fuel injection for lean combustion and lower emissions, variable valve timing and lift to optimize power and efficiency, and turbochargers to force more air into the cylinders and increase power output. While improving performance, these technologies also increase costs and complexity of engine design and maintenance. The internal combustion engine will likely continue powering vehicles with advanced technologies to meet future challenges.
The document discusses turbochargers, including:
- A turbocharger uses the waste heat from exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to force more air into the engine cylinders, increasing power.
- It has a turbine section, compressor section, bearing housing, and wastegate valve. The bearing allows the turbine and compressor wheels to spin at high speeds while absorbing vibrations. The wastegate diverts some exhaust to control boost pressure.
- During acceleration, more exhaust flow spins the turbine and compressor faster, supplying more air/fuel to the engine for more power. The wastegate manages boost pressure to prevent damage from excessive pressure rises.
The document describes the components and systems of diesel power plants and gas turbine power plants. It discusses the layout and key parts of diesel power plants including the engine, fuel system, cooling system, and lubrication system. It also explains open and closed cycle gas turbine power plants and improvements that can be made including using an intercooler, regenerator, or reheater. Additionally, it outlines different types of combined power plants that combine gas turbines with steam turbines or other technologies like thermionic, thermoelectric, MHD, nuclear, and integrated gasification.
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the basic classifications and cycles of internal combustion engines including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also covers the workings of spark ignition and compression ignition engines, as well as common engine components and systems such as carburetors and fuel injection systems. Key topics include the Otto, Diesel, and Carnot power cycles; combustion stages; valve timing diagrams; and scavenging, pre-ignition, detonation, lubrication, and emissions control.
1. The document discusses internal combustion engines and the formation of gaseous pollutants and photochemical smog.
2. It describes how tuning factors like air-fuel ratio, compression, timing, and exhaust gas recycling can impact emissions of pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from automobile engines.
3. The formation of nitrogen oxides is explained through the Zeldovich mechanism and equations are provided for the rate of nitric oxide formation over time as exhaust gases cool.
This document discusses lubrication systems for engines. It introduces different types of mechanical losses that contribute to engine friction like direct frictional losses, pumping losses, power losses from driving auxiliary components. It describes factors affecting friction like engine design, piston rings, speed and load. The functions of lubrication are outlined as reducing friction and wear, providing sealing, cooling and cleaning surfaces. Finally, it briefly introduces different lubrication systems used in engines like mist, wet sump and dry sump lubrication.
The document provides an overview of diesel engine operation, including key components and processes. It discusses how diesel engines work via compression ignition rather than spark ignition like gasoline engines. The four main components of the diesel engine cycle are the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. Key differences between diesel and gasoline include higher compression ratios and direct fuel injection in diesel engines. The document also covers diesel fuel properties, injection systems, turbocharging, and exhaust emissions reduction technologies.
This document provides information about diesel engine power plants. It discusses that diesel power plants generate electricity using diesel engines between 2-50 MW. They have advantages like simple design, less space and water requirements, and lower costs compared to steam plants. However, they also have higher fuel costs and maintenance costs. Diesel power plants are commonly used as backup power sources or for small, remote power supplies where coal and water availability is limited. The document then describes the key components of diesel power plants, including the starting system, air intake, fuel supply, exhaust, cooling, lubrication and governing systems. It provides details on how each system functions within the diesel engine electricity generation process.
This document provides an overview of the OAT551 Automotive Systems course. It discusses the following topics:
- The course is taught by P. Hariprasad at KIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology.
- Unit 1 covers automotive engine auxiliary systems, including the classifications and workings of internal and external combustion engines.
- Engine components like the cylinder head, piston rings, camshaft and their functions are explained. Ignition and fuel injection systems for gasoline and diesel engines are also outlined.
The four stroke SI engine involves four strokes - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. In the intake stroke, a fuel-air mixture is introduced into the cylinder through the intake valve. In the compression stroke, the fuel-air mixture is compressed. In the combustion stroke, combustion occurs at constant volume, causing the product gases to expand and do work. In the exhaust stroke, the product gases are pushed out through the exhaust valve.
The document summarizes combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how combustion occurs simultaneously in many spots in a non-homogeneous fuel-air mixture, controlled by fuel injection timing. The four stages of CI engine combustion are ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing-controlled combustion, and late combustion. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. Knock may occur if ignition delay is too long. The document provides diagrams to illustrate CI engine combustion processes and types.
The document provides information on different types of internal combustion engines. It describes two-stroke and four-stroke engines, whether spark ignition or compression ignition. For both two-stroke and four-stroke engines, it explains the basic workings of each stroke in the combustion cycle, including intake, compression, power/expansion, and exhaust strokes. Diagrams and animations are included to illustrate the piston movement and valve timing in two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
This document provides information on internal combustion engines. It discusses the basic components and cycles of IC engines, including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also covers fuels, carburetion, and mechanical and electronic fuel injection systems. The document contains over 100 individual points on topics related to IC engines.
This document discusses the theory of operation of reciprocating engines. It describes the operating cycles of two-stroke and four-stroke engines and the sequence of events in each cycle. It also defines key terms related to engine operation including piston displacement, compression ratio, manifold absolute pressure, indicated and brake horsepower, efficiencies, and more.
1. The document discusses turbochargers, which are devices that increase an engine's power output and efficiency by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber.
2. Turbochargers work by using a turbine powered by exhaust gases to spin a compressor that increases the pressure and density of air entering the engine. This allows more air and fuel into the cylinders, resulting in more power.
3. The advantages of turbocharging include producing more power from a smaller, lighter engine and improved fuel efficiency. However, disadvantages include turbo lag, increased complexity leading to reliability issues, and the need for more fuel at high power levels.
This document discusses different types of power plants including diesel, gas turbine, and combined cycle plants. It provides details on the components and working of diesel power plants such as the engine, air intake, exhaust, fuel, cooling, and lubrication systems. It also describes open and closed cycle gas turbine power plants as well as improvements with intercooling, regeneration, and reheating. Finally, it covers various combined cycle plants that combine gas turbines with steam turbines or other technologies.
The document provides information on diesel engine operation and diagnosis. It explains that diesel engines work via compression ignition where fuel is injected into hot compressed air, igniting the fuel. It describes the differences between direct injection and indirect injection diesel engines. It also outlines the key components of diesel engines like the fuel system, injection pump, injectors, turbochargers, and emission control systems. Advantages include torque and fuel economy, while disadvantages include noise, smell and cold starting issues.
This document provides an overview of diesel engines, including their basic operation, components, and fuel injection systems. It describes how diesel engines ignite fuel via compression rather than a spark plug. Key points covered include the types of fuel injection systems (common rail, unit injection, etc.), injectors and nozzles, governors, and applications of diesel engines. The document concludes by comparing diesel engines to gasoline engines and discussing newer direct injection technologies.
CYLINDER DEACTIVATION ON TWO DIFFERENT CUBIC CAPACITY ENGINEIAEME Publication
Cylinder deactivation is a fuel consumption reduction technology for throttled internal combustion engines and other engines with thermal efficiency loss at part cylinder. Dynamic skip firing, which in its ultimate form incorporates anytime, any-cylinder deactivation, continuously varies the number of firing cylinders, along with cylinder load, obtaining flexible control of acoustic and vibrational excitations from the engine, and allowing an expanded operational envelope with fewer drive ability/NVH issues. This project comprises of two different cubic capacity 4 stroke (150cc-pulsar and 100cc-kinetic) engines coupled with use of sprockets and chains.
Basic Mechanical Engineering - IC enginesSteve M S
The document discusses internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction to heat engines in general and then focuses on internal combustion engines. It describes the basic components and operation of 4-stroke internal combustion engines. It explains the individual strokes of intake, compression, power, and exhaust. It also provides details on 2-stroke engines and compares their operation and advantages/disadvantages relative to 4-stroke engines. Finally, it discusses some of the key systems used in internal combustion engines like the fuel, air intake, ignition, cooling, and lubrication systems.
The document discusses the main components and working principle of a diesel generator. A diesel generator combines a diesel engine with an electric generator and other auxiliary devices to generate electrical energy. It works by converting the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy, then mechanical energy through the combustion and expansion of gases in the engine, which is then converted into electrical energy through the generator via electromagnetic induction. The key components are the diesel engine, generator, and auxiliary devices like the cooling system. The diesel engine uses compression ignition to burn fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
This document provides a summary of recent trends in internal combustion engines, including Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines, stratified charge engines, gasoline direct injection engines, lean-burn engines, common rail diesel fuel systems, and electronic engine management systems. HCCI engines provide high efficiency while producing ultra-low emissions, through homogeneous mixing and simultaneous combustion. Stratified charge engines concentrate fuel near spark plugs to improve efficiency. Direct injection engines use precise fuel injection for improved power and emissions control. Lean-burn engines utilize excess air for reduced emissions. Common rail systems provide high and variable fuel pressure for improved injection. Electronic management systems use sensors and processors to precisely control fuel delivery and ignition timing.
The document discusses new trends in internal combustion engines to improve fuel economy, safety, emissions and noise/vibration. These trends include cylinder deactivation to reduce pumping losses under light loads, direct fuel injection for lean combustion and lower emissions, variable valve timing and lift to optimize power and efficiency, and turbochargers to force more air into the cylinders and increase power output. While improving performance, these technologies also increase costs and complexity of engine design and maintenance. The internal combustion engine will likely continue powering vehicles with advanced technologies to meet future challenges.
The document discusses turbochargers, including:
- A turbocharger uses the waste heat from exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to force more air into the engine cylinders, increasing power.
- It has a turbine section, compressor section, bearing housing, and wastegate valve. The bearing allows the turbine and compressor wheels to spin at high speeds while absorbing vibrations. The wastegate diverts some exhaust to control boost pressure.
- During acceleration, more exhaust flow spins the turbine and compressor faster, supplying more air/fuel to the engine for more power. The wastegate manages boost pressure to prevent damage from excessive pressure rises.
The document describes the components and systems of diesel power plants and gas turbine power plants. It discusses the layout and key parts of diesel power plants including the engine, fuel system, cooling system, and lubrication system. It also explains open and closed cycle gas turbine power plants and improvements that can be made including using an intercooler, regenerator, or reheater. Additionally, it outlines different types of combined power plants that combine gas turbines with steam turbines or other technologies like thermionic, thermoelectric, MHD, nuclear, and integrated gasification.
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It discusses the basic classifications and cycles of internal combustion engines including two-stroke and four-stroke engines. It also covers the workings of spark ignition and compression ignition engines, as well as common engine components and systems such as carburetors and fuel injection systems. Key topics include the Otto, Diesel, and Carnot power cycles; combustion stages; valve timing diagrams; and scavenging, pre-ignition, detonation, lubrication, and emissions control.
1. The document discusses internal combustion engines and the formation of gaseous pollutants and photochemical smog.
2. It describes how tuning factors like air-fuel ratio, compression, timing, and exhaust gas recycling can impact emissions of pollutants like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from automobile engines.
3. The formation of nitrogen oxides is explained through the Zeldovich mechanism and equations are provided for the rate of nitric oxide formation over time as exhaust gases cool.
The document discusses key parts of internal combustion engines including pistons, valves, spark plugs, cam shafts and describes cylinder arrangements like inline-4 and V6. It also covers topics like engine size measured in cubic centimeters, overhead camshafts, and the four stroke combustion cycle. The summary provides an overview of internal combustion engines, their classification based on fuel type, ignition method, cylinder arrangement and other factors. It outlines the basic idea of how combustion drives the piston to convert the motion to a rotating crankshaft.
- Internal combustion engines convert the chemical energy in fuel into mechanical power through combustion.
- Rudolf Diesel considered his life's work complete upon inventing the diesel engine in 1892, which ignited fuel without a spark.
- The document traces the history of internal combustion engines from early gas engines in the 1800s to modern electronically controlled engines, highlighting key inventors and technological advances.
- Internal combustion engines are now widely used in applications like vehicles, ships, generators and more.
The document discusses engine geometry and piston motion. It defines key terms like cylinder clearance volume, swept volume, compression ratio, and average and instantaneous piston speeds. It then covers topics like engine torque, power, indicated work, mechanical efficiency, power and torque curves, fuel consumption, combustion efficiency, and volumetric efficiency. Key parameters discussed include mean effective pressure, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and air-fuel ratio.
The document discusses key performance parameters of engines including thermal efficiencies, power outputs, specific fuel consumption, air-fuel ratios, and volumetric efficiency. It defines indicated thermal efficiency as the ratio of indicated power to fuel energy, and brake thermal efficiency as the ratio of brake power to fuel energy. Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of brake power to indicated power. Volumetric efficiency is the ratio of actual to theoretical air intake. Mean effective pressures and specific power input are also discussed.
This document discusses various criteria and comparisons of internal combustion engines, including:
1) Indicator power, brake power, friction power, thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, indicator mean effective pressure, torque, and volumetric efficiency are analyzed.
2) Graphs show relationships between torque and speed, brake power and indicated power vs speed, and mechanical efficiency vs speed and brake power.
3) Fuel consumption varies with engine speed, with laws enacted to require better vehicle fuel efficiency and decrease air pollution from depletion of fossil fuels.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
The document provides an overview of internal combustion engines, including their classification, operation, and differences between engine types. It discusses four-stroke petrol and diesel engines in detail, describing the four strokes of each cycle. The key differences between petrol and diesel engines are outlined. Two-stroke engines are also summarized and compared to four-stroke engines. Various engine efficiencies are defined.
The document outlines the basics of search engine design and discusses why Google is able to perform web search effectively. It covers the key components of a search engine like crawlers, index servers, query servers and document delivery. It also discusses Google's approach to indexing, ranking, distributed search and handling short queries. Finally, it mentions some new directions in information retrieval like cross-language search, multimedia retrieval, question answering and web mining.
Draft Artikel Jurnal Internasional Financial Literacy Development for Increas...iosrjce
The purposes of this research are (1) identifying factor, actor that influences the character
learning for elementary school (2) identifying the influence factors for student in manage their money; (3)
finding the effective financial literacy learning models; (4) measuring financial literacy learning models
effectivity to create entrepreneurship and non consumerist character; (5) Formulate the effective financial
literacy learning models. ( Hanya sampai no 3, ini kan penelitian sampai no 3 saja)
Using the R & D methods this research conducting in 2 years. The first years to find out the purpose 1 up to 3,
the second years to find out the effectively of the models. The research object at Elementary School in
Kabupaten Kudus (Kudus Municipality). Model pembelajaran finacial literacy terdiri infut, proses, out put
This is a lecture is a series on combustion chemical kinetics for engineers. The course topics are selections from thermodynamics and kinetics especially geared to the interests of engineers involved in combusition
This document summarizes different types of cloud formation processes and cloud types. It discusses adiabatic temperature changes that cause expansion and cooling, orographic lifting caused by air flowing over elevated terrain, frontal wedging that occurs at storm fronts, and localized convective lifting caused by uneven heating of the surface. It also describes the three main cloud height categories - high, middle, and low clouds - and specific cloud types like cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. Clouds can form through stability or instability in the atmosphere and require water vapor to condense.
The document provides information about internal combustion engines, including:
1) It discusses the history and development of internal combustion engines from 1860 to the present, including key inventors and innovations.
2) It covers the classification and components of internal combustion engines, explaining features like operating cycles, cylinder configurations, valve locations, and fuels.
3) It describes the operation of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engine cycles, and includes diagrams and animations to illustrate the combustion process.
This document discusses key thermodynamic concepts related to combustion processes, including:
1) Heat of combustion, flame temperature, enthalpy of combustion systems, and equilibrium constants of combustion reactions are the major thermodynamic functions that influence fuel utilization.
2) Heat of combustion represents the potential heat of a fuel and can be used to calculate calorific value. Enthalpy is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.
3) Flame temperature depends on the fuel-oxidant mixture and ranges from theoretical to actual temperatures. The maximum adiabatic flame temperature occurs at slightly excess stoichiometry.
The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines. It describes engines that use the Otto cycle, such as gasoline engines, and engines that use the Diesel cycle, such as diesel engines. It explains the basic operation of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines, noting that 2-stroke engines complete the power stroke every revolution while 4-stroke engines take two revolutions. The document also outlines the steps in the Otto cycle - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust - and compares the advantages and disadvantages of internal combustion engines to external combustion engines.
Design Optimization of a Geneva Mechanism for Internal Combustion Engine Appl...Binh Vo
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new internal combustion engine design based on the Geneva mechanism.
The design uses pins and slots of the Geneva mechanism to form combustion chambers, driving the wheels to convert linear motion to rotational motion. An analysis finds the design could achieve competitive torque levels to a reciprocating engine.
The paper then discusses optimizing the Geneva engine design using genetic algorithms to improve performance and make it a viable alternative to the reciprocating design currently used in most engines.
This document provides an overview of engine design and operation topics that will be covered in Chapter 3, including the four strokes of a four-stroke engine, compression ratio, camshaft and valvetrain components, cylinder bore and stroke, engine classifications, and the major components and functions of engine lubrication, cooling, and other systems. It lists learning objectives and introduces key terms and concepts to set up explanations that will be provided later in the chapter.
Tillman Hatcher has experience in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design from working at McClendon Trucking Company, Rockwell International, and Peterbilt Motors Company. The document lists over 60 areas of expertise in HVAC systems, components, design, and analysis, including air conditioning, refrigeration, ductwork, piping, controls, and psychrometrics.
conceptual design is a bridge between what is in our mind and what could be in market,the hybrid motor uses propellants in different physical phases and which is more advantageous than solid propellant engines.
This document discusses a 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation of a Stirling engine. It assesses the performance of six eddy-viscosity models to identify the most appropriate model for engine simulation. The effects of unsteady thermodynamics and fluid dynamics on heat transfer within the engine are also investigated. Results compare the performance of the eddy-viscosity models in simulating flow in the Stirling engine.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine theory and construction. It describes the basic Brayton cycle that gas turbines operate on, and explains the key components including the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. It discusses the different types of compressors and turbines used. The document also outlines the various support systems for gas turbines, such as the air, fuel, lubrication, and starting systems. It compares the advantages of gas turbines to steam systems.
This document discusses techniques for diagnosing engine issues through various tests including measuring manifold vacuum, compression testing, leak down testing, and oil pressure testing. Abnormal readings or sounds during these tests can indicate problems like valve issues, worn rings, leaks, or bearing wear that require further inspection and repair. The goal of diagnosis is to identify the specific component causing low performance or failure so that the issue can be addressed.
SOLID ROCKET PROPULSION PPT ( SPACE SOLID ROCKET ).pptxAmarnathGhosh8
Rocket propulsion is a class of jet propulsion that produces thrust by ejecting burned propellant. The thrust is generated on the basis of Newton's third law of motion. Rocket propulsion systems can be broadly classified according to the type of energy source (chemical, solar, electric, or nuclear).
The document discusses electrical drives and control. It defines an electrical drive as a unit consisting of an electric motor, energy transmitting shaft, and control equipment. Drive systems combine electrical drives with corresponding loads. Advantages of electrical drives include feasible control characteristics, wide speed and torque ranges, higher efficiency, lower noise, and easier maintenance. Examples of electrical drives include AC and DC drives. Types of electrical drives include group drives, individual drives, and multimotor drives. Group drives have one motor driving multiple machines while individual drives have one dedicated motor per machine. Selection of motors depends on the load characteristics.
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine theory and construction. It describes the basic components and thermodynamic processes of gas turbine engines, including the compressor, combustion chamber, turbine, and support systems. The Brayton cycle of open steady-flow operation is explained. Compression can be achieved through either radial or axial compressors. Fuel is ignited in the combustion chamber along with compressed air. The turbine converts the energy of combustion gases to rotational work to power the compressor and external loads. Support systems include air, fuel, lubrication, starting, and power transmission. Gas turbines are lighter and simpler than steam turbines.
The document discusses engine components and how they wear over time, focusing on the role of electronics and the electronic control module in monitoring key engine functions like temperature and pressure. It provides details on features and benefits of electronic engine controls as well as what options exist if the ECM or sensors fail. The document also compares Cat engine parts to competitors' parts, noting Cat's emphasis on precision, quality materials and rigid tolerances that lead to better performance and reliability.
This document provides an overview of Ford Powerstroke 6.0L, 6.4L, and 6.7L diesel engines, including specifications, common failures, and diagnostic procedures. It discusses the engine designs, fuel and oil systems, turbochargers, emissions systems, and recommends preliminary checks when diagnosing no start conditions such as checking for adequate fuel and oil levels.
The Engine Dynamics Library is used for combustion engine systems modeling, simulation and analysis, including engine to intake/exhaust flow paths, intercoolers, turbochargers, and EGR-loops. Pressure and thermal dynamics of the complete air and exhaust gas exchange are explicitly modeled. Several turbocharger and EGR configurations can be modeled, including variable geometry turbine designs. The library is well suited for creating models used in transient engine response and related engine control.
Knocking fundamentals (limitations and issues)Hassan Raza
It's all about Knocking in IC Engines, their limiting factors,issues,how to nullify their effect and how to control this effect and how to over come knocking inside combustion chamber.
The document provides an introduction to diesel engines, including key terminology related to diesel fuel and engines. It discusses the history and development of diesel engines, the four-stroke combustion cycle, differences between diesel and gasoline engines, injection systems, and more. Key terms defined include cetane number, cloud point, flash point, turbocharging, and common rail injection. Diesel fuel requirements and properties important for performance are also outlined.
cars_models_and_structures_in_engineering.pptRoni Gr
The document provides an overview of the main systems of a vehicle, including the engine, cooling system, lubrication system, drive-train, electrical system, fuel system, exhaust/emission system, braking system, ignition system, steering system, and suspension system. It describes the basic components and functions of each system, such as how the engine converts fuel energy into mechanical energy, how the cooling system maintains an optimum engine temperature, and how the lubrication system reduces friction between moving parts.
The document provides an introduction to diesel engines, including key terminology related to diesel fuel and engines. It discusses the history and development of diesel engines, the four-stroke combustion cycle, differences between diesel and gasoline engines, injection systems, and important fuel properties. Turbocharging and biodiesel are also overviewed in relation to diesel engine performance. Links are provided for additional diesel engine information.
The document provides an introduction to diesel engines, including key terminology related to diesel fuel and engines. It discusses the history and development of diesel engines, the four-stroke combustion cycle, differences between diesel and gasoline engines, injection systems, and important fuel properties. It also covers engine components like turbochargers, injection pumps, and discusses biodiesel and its impact on performance. Links are provided for additional information.
This document discusses dual fuel engines, which use a combination of diesel and gaseous fuel. It provides historical context, noting Rudolf Diesel's 1901 patent and wartime developments. Benefits include lower fuel costs and reduced emissions compared to diesel engines. The document outlines factors that affect combustion like injection timing and intake valve lift. It also discusses applications, advantages like fuel flexibility and longer engine life, and disadvantages like slightly higher fuel consumption.
contains basic knowledge of engine and different parts and system involved like fuel system, lube system, cooling system, combustion process, air system and circulation , working of external components of engine, reason and symptoms of wear of parts and components. This presentation is made to give the explanation of work done or things learnt during training in prestigious Gainwell Caterpillar.
2. • Important Engine Characteristics
• Geometrical Properties of Reciprocating Engines
• Brake Torque and Power
• Indicated Work per Cycle
• Mechanical Efficiency
• Road-Load Power
• Specific Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
• Air/Fuel and Fuel/Air Ratios
• Volumetric Efficiency
• Engine Specific Weight and Specific Volume
• Correction Factors for Power and Volumetric Efficiency
• Specific Emissions and Emissions Index
• Relationship between Performance Parameters
• Engine Design and Performance Data
• Thermochemistry of Fuel-Air Mixtures
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3. • Characterization of Flames
• Ideal Gas Model
• Composition of Air and Fuels
• Combustion Stoichiometry
• Energy and Enthalpy Balances
• Heating Values
• Adiabatic Combustion Processes
• Combustion Efficiency of an Internal Combustion
Engine
• Entropy
• Maximum Work from an Internal Combustion
Engine and Efficiency
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Chemical Reaction Rates
• Properties of Working Fluids
• Unburned Mixture Composition
• Gas Property Relationships
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4. • Unburned Mixture Charts
• Burned Mixture Charts
• Relationship Between Unburned and Burned Mixture
Charts
• Tables of Properties and Composition
• Computer Routines for Property and Composition
Calculations
• Unburned Mixtures
• Burned Mixtures
• Transport Properties
• Exhaust Gas Composition
• Species Concentration Data
• Equivalence Ratio Determination from Exhaust Gas
Constituents
• Effects of Fuel/Air Ratio Nonuniformity
• Combustion Inefficiency
• Thermodynamic Relations for Engine Processes
• Cycle Analysis with Ideal Gas Working Fluid with
Constant volume, and Constant pressure Constant
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5. • Constant-Volume Cycle
• Limited and Constant Pressure Cycles
• Cycle Comparison
• Fuel-Air Cycle Analysis
• SI Engine Cycle Simulation
• CI Engine Cycle Simulation
• Results of Cycle Calculations
• Overexpanded Engine Cycles
• Availability Analysis of Engine Processes
• Availability Relationships
• Entropy changes in Ideal Cycles
• Available Analysis of Ideal Cycles
• Effects of Equivalence ratio
• Gas Exchange Processes
• Comparison of Real Engine Cycles
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6. • Inlet and Exhaust Processes
• Volumetric Efficiency
• Quasi-Static Effects
• Combined Quasi-Static and Dynamic Effects
• Variation with Speed, and Valve Area, Lift, and Timing
• Flow through Valves
• Poppet Valve Geometry and Timing
• Flow Rate and Discharge Coefficients
• Residual Gas Fraction
• Exhaust Gas Flow Rate and Temperature Variation
• Scavenging
• Flow through Ports
• Supercharging and Turbocharging
• Methods of Power Boosting
• Basic Relationships
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7. • Compressors
• Turbines
• Wave-Compression Devices
• SI Engine Fuel Metering and Manifold
Phenomena
• Spark-Ignition Engine Mixture Requirements
• Carburetors
• Carburetor Fundamentals
• Fuel-Injection Systems
• Multipoint Injection
• Single-point Injection
• Feedback Systems
• Flow Past Throttle Plate
• Flow in Intake manifolds
• Design Requirements
• Air-Flow Phenomena
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8. • Fuel-Flow Phenomena
• Charge Motion within the Cylinder
• Intake jet Flow
• Mean Velocity and Turbulence Characteristics
• Definitions
• Application to Engine Velocity Data
• Swirl
• Swirl Measurement
• Swirl Generation during Induction
• Swirl Modification within the Cylinder
• Squish
• Prechamber Engine Flows
• Crevice Flows and Blowby
• Flows Generated by Piston-Cylinder Wall
Interaction
• Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines
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9. • Essential Features of Process
• Thermodynamic Analysis of SI Engine Combustion
• Burned and Unburned Mixture States
• Analysis of Cylinder Pressure Data
• Combustion Process Characterization
• Flame Structure and Speed
• Experimental Observations
• Flame Structure
• Laminar Burning Speeds
• Flame Propagation Relations
• Cyclic Variations in Combustion, Partial Burning and
Misfire
• Observations and Definitions
• Causes of Cycle by Cycle and Cylinder to Cylinder
Variations
• Partial Burning, Misfire, and Engine Stability
• Spark ignition
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10. • Ignition Fundamentals
• Conventional Ignition Systems
• Alternative Ignition Approaches
• Abnormal Combustion: Knock and Surface Ignition
• Description of Phenomena
• Knock Fundamentals
• Fuel Factors
• Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines
• Types of Diesel Combustion Systems
• Direct-Injection Systems
• Indirect-Injection Systems
• Comparison of Different combustion Systems
• Phenomenological Model of Compression-Ignition
Engine Combustion
• Photographic studies of engine combustion
• Combustion of Direct-Injection, Multispray Systems
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11. • Application of Model to Other combustion
Systems
• Analysis of Cylinder Pressure Data
• Combustion Efficiency
• Direct-Injection Engines
• Indirect-Injection Engines
• Fuel Spray Behavior
• Fuel Injection
• Overall Spray Structure
• Atomization
• Spray Penetration
• Droplet Size Distribution
• Spray Evaporation
• Ignition Delay
• Definition and Discussion
• Fuel Ignition Quality
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12. • Autoignition Fundamentals
• Physical Factors Affecting Delay
• Effect of Fuel Properties
• Correlations for Ignition Delay in Engines
• Mixing-controlled Combustion
• Background
• Spray and Flame Structure
• Fuel-Air Mixing and Burning Rates
• Pollutant Formation and Control
• Nature and Extent of Problem
• Nitrogen Oxides
• Kinetics of NO Formation
• Formation of NO²
• NO Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines
• NOx Formation in Compression-Ignition
Engines
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13. • Carbon Monoxide
• Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions
• Background
• Flame Quenching and Oxidation Fundamentals
• HC Emissions from Spark-Ignition Engines
• Hydrocarbons Emissions Mechanisms in Diesel
Engines
• Particulate emissions
• Spark-Ignition Engine Particulates
• Characteristics of Diesel Particulates
• Particulate Distribution within the Cylinder
• Soot Formation Fundamentals
• Soot Oxidation
• Adsorption and Condensation
• Exhaust Gas Treatment
• Available Options
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14. • Catalytic Converters
• Thermal Reactors
• Particulate Traps
• Engine Heat Transfer
• Modes of Heat Transfer
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
• Overall Heat-Transfer Process
• Heat Transfer and Engine Energy Balance
• Convective Heat Transfer
• Dimensional Analysis
• Correlations for Time-Average Heat Flux
• Correlations for Instantaneous Spatial Average
Coefficients
• Correlations for Instantaneous Local Coefficients
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15. • Intake and Exhaust System Heat Transfer
• Radiative Heat Transfer
• Radiation from Gases
• Flame Radiation
• Prediction Formulas
• Measurements and Instantaneous Heat-Transfer
Rates
• Measurement methods
• Spark-Ignition Engine Measurements
• Diesel Engine Measurements
• Evaluation of Heat-Transfer Correlations
• Boundary-Layer Behavior
• Thermal Loading and Component Temperatures
• Component Temperature Distributions
• Effect of Engine Variables
• Engine Friction and Lubrication
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17. • Crankshaft Bearing Friction
• Valve Train Friction
• Accessory Power Requirements
• Lubrication
• Lubrication Systems
• Lubrication Requirements
• Modeling Real Engine Flow and Combustion
Processes
• Purpose and Classification of Models
• Governing Equations for Open Thermodynamic
System
• Conservation of Mass
• Conservation of Energy
• Intake and Exhaust Flow Models
• Background
• Quasi-Steady Flow Models
• Filling and Emptying Methods
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18. • Gas Dynamics Models
• Thermodynamic-Based In-Cylinder Models
• Background and Overall Model Structure
• SI Engine Models
• Direct-Injection Engine Models
• Prechamber Engine Models
• Multicylinder and Complex Engine System
Models
• Second Law Analysis of Engine Systems Models
• Fluid-Mechanic-Based Multidimensional Models
• Basic Approach and Governing Equations
• Turbulence Models
• Numerical Methodology
• Flow Field Predictions
• Fuel Spray Modeling
• Combustion Modeling
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19. • Engine Operating Characteristics
• Engine Performance Parameters
• Indicated and Brake Power and MEP
• Variables that Affect CI Engine Performance,
Efficiency, and Emissions
• Spark timing
• Mixture composition
• Load and Speed
• Compression Ratio
• Design Objectives and Options
• Factors that Control Combustion
• Factors that Control Performance
• Chamber Octane Requirement
• Chamber Optimization Strategy
• Fuel-Injection Parameters
• Air-Swirl and Bowl-in-Piston Design
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20. • Supercharged and Turbocharged Engine
Performance
• Engine Performance Summary Data Collection
• Transmission Angle
• Limiting Positions of an Offset Slider Crank
Linkages
• Displacement Analysis and Computer Graphics
• Quick Return Mechanisms
• Linkage Interference
• Mechanisms for Specific Applications
• Computer-Controlled Units
• Real time data capture and pursing into a
graphical Excel File
• Engine ECU programming
• Exhaust After Treatment ECU programming
• Cab ECU programming interface
• Diagnostic software programming
• Moving Coordinate Systems
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21. • Relative Velocity
• Application of Analytical Vector Methods to
Linkages
• Graphical Analysis of Linkage Motion Utilizing
Relative Velocity
• Velocity Imaging
• Velocity-Time Studies
• Graphical Analysis of Sliding Contact Linkages
• Cams and Cam Followers
• Disk Cam Design for Basic Followers Types
and Motions
• Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, and Jerk
Analysis of Cam Follower Motion
• Analytical Cam Design
• Positive-Motion Cams
• Cylinder Cams
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