internal layers of the earth

1. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OF THE EARTH
LESSON 1.1:

2. Learning Objectives:
 Describe the internal structure of
Earth
 Use models to explain the possible
causes of plate movement
 Enumerate pieces of evidence that
support plate movement

3. EARTH
INNER CORE
OUTER
CORE
MANTLE
CRUST
LITHOSPHERE
ASTHENOSPHER
E
TECTONIC PLATE
Driving Forces:
• Slab pull
• Slab suction
• Ridge push
• Mantle Convection
Resisting Forces;
• Slab resistance
• Collisional
resistance
• Transform fault
• Drag force
Evidences of Continental
Drift:
• Shape and fit of
continents
• Similarities in fossils
• Similarities in rock types
consist of
make up
rests over
broken into
move due to

5. CRUST
 It is comprise of the
Lithosphere.
 It makes up the
continents called
Continental Crust and is
about 40 to 70 km thick.
 It is made up of light
granitic rocks made up
mostly Aluminum
Silicates.

6. Lithosphere is composed of major and
minor blocks, called tectonic plates- that
interact and create the tectonic activities
on Earth.

8. Below the lithosphere is the
Asthenosphere, which is about 180 km
thick and contains hot, molten rocks or
magma.
The asthenosphere can deform and
reshape driven by heat energy, which
circulates as Convection Currents.,
traveling upward from the hot lower
mantle to the cooler upper mantle.

9. Therefore, this heat transfer mechanism
helps drive the movement of tectonic
plates, which manifested as
Earthquakes.
These movements, together with rising
magma, from mountains, volcanoes,
islands, trenches, and mid-ocean
ridges.

10. DIAGRAM OF CONVECTION
CURRENTS

11. CRUST
 It underlies the ocean
floor call the Oceanic
Crust, and it has an
average thickness of
5 km.
 That composed of
dense basaltic rocks
made up of
Magnesium Silicates.

12. Edmund
Halley
 An English astronomer and
mathematician, theorized that Earth is
hallow and that there are inner
concentric layers below the crust that
float gas.
 He said that the core was about the size
of Mercury and that these layers were
also inhabited.

13.  Today, science confirms that the outer
core of Earth is even bigger than
Mercury.
 Based on seismological data, Earth’s
outer core has a radius of 3400 km,
while Mercury has 2440 km in radius.

14. PARAMETERS CONTINENTAL
PLATES
OCENIC PLATES
Composition Granitic, light and
composed of
Aluminum silicates
Basaltic, heavier
and composed
of magnesium
silicates
Density 2.7 g/cmᶟ 2.9 g/cmᶟ
Thickness 25-70 km 7-10 km
Age Take a long time to
create but are rarely
destroyed; 3.8 to 4
billion years old.
Constantly
renewed; oldest
are less than
200 million
years old.
Coverage 71% of Earth’s 29% of Earth

15. MANTLE
 It is a semi-solid,
rocky and very hot
layer.
 It measures about
2900 km thick that
makes up 80% of
Earth and carries
most of its mass.
 It is composed of
Ferro-magnesium
silicates rocks

16. MANTLE
 Its top layer has
temperature of
900 ᴼC. As goes
deeper into mantle
, temperature
increases from
1000 to 3700 ᴼC.

17. OUTER/INNER CORE
 The outer is only
layer that is liquid
which made up of
molten nickel and
iron.
 It is about 22770 km
thick and has
temperature ranges
from 3700 to 4300
ᴼC.

18. OUTER/INNER CORE
 The inner core has a
diameter of 1220 km
and composed of
mostly solid iron.
 The inner core is
extremely hot; it’s
temperature is
recently estimated
about 600 ᴼC.

19. INTERFACES MARK THE
BOUNDARIES BETWEEN
LAYERS:
 The Mohorovicic Discontinuity
 The Gutenburg Discontinuity
 The Lebman Discontinuity

20. The Mohorovicic Discontinuity
It is the interface between the
crust and the upper mantle.

21. The Gutenburg Discontinuity
It marks the boundary between
the lower mantle and the outer
core.

22. The Lebman Discontinuity
It is located between the liquid
outer core and solid inner core.

23. Activity 1
1. What are the Layers of Earth? How
are they different from each other?
2. 4 interfaces mark the boundaries of
layers in Earth